一步一步教你apache深入优化

Aache深入优化

一、在Centos01上安装apache服务，在Centos02配置DNS服务器使用域名www.stz.com

1、在Centos01上安装apache服务配置网站

1）切换光盘

2）挂载光盘解压源代码程序

[root@centos01 ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/
mount: /dev/sr0 写保护，将以只读方式挂载
[root@centos01 ~]# tar zxf /mnt/httpd-2.2.17.tar.gz -C /usr/src/
[root@centos01 ~]# ls /usr/src/
debug httpd-2.2.17  kernels

3）配置安装apache

[root@centos01 src]# cd /usr/src/httpd-2.2.17/
[root@centos01 httpd-2.2.17]# ./configure \
> --prefix=/usr/local/httpd \
> --enable-so \
> --enable-rewrite \
> --enable-charset-lite \
> --enable-cgi

4）编译安装apache

[root@centos01 httpd-2.2.17]# make && make install

2、配置apache服务

1）生成服务控制文件添加执行权限

[root@centos01 httpd-2.2.17]# cd
[root@centos01 ~]# cp /usr/local/httpd/bin/apachectl /etc/init.d/httpd
[root@centos01 ~]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/httpd

2）修改服务控制文件

[root@centos01 ~]# vim /etc/init.d/httpd
#!/bin/sh
#chkconfig:35 21 80
#description:Apache Server

3）添加系统服务设置开机自动启动

[root@centos01 ~]# chkconfig --add httpd
[root@centos01 ~]# chkconfig --level 35 httpd on

4）优化apache命令

[root@centos01 ~]# ln -s /usr/local/httpd/bin/* /usr/local/bin/

3、启动apache服务查看服务运行状态

1）启动服务

[root@centos01 ~]# systemctl start httpd

2）查看服务运行状态

[root@centos01 ~]# netstat -anptu | grep http
tcp6      
0      0 :::80                   :::*                    LISTEN      53628/httpd

4、修改apache网站根目录设置网站主页

1）创建网站主页根目录设置主页

[root@centos01 ~]# mkdir /www
[root@centos01 ~]# echo "www.stz.com" > /www/index.html

2）修改apahce主配置文件

[root@centos01 ~]# vim
/usr/local/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
97 ServerName www.benet.com:80
131 <Directory "/www">
132    Options Indexes FollowSymLinks
133    AllowOverride None
134    Order allow,deny
135    Allow from all
136 </Directory>
142 <IfModule dir_module>
143    DirectoryIndex index.html
144 </IfModule>

3）检查主配置文件

[root@centos01 ~]# httpd -t
Syntax OK

4）重新启动apache配置文件加载配置

[root@centos01 ~]# systemctl restart httpd

二、在Centos02上安装DNS使用域名访问日志

1、安装DNS服务设置开机自动启动

1）挂载光盘安装DNS服务

[root@centos02 ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/
mount: /dev/sr0 写保护，将以只读方式挂载
[root@centos02 ~]# ls /mnt/
CentOS_BuildTag  GPL      
LiveOS    RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
EFI              images    Packages 
RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Testing-7
EULA             isolinux  repodata 
TRANS.TBL

2）安装DNS服务

[root@centos02 ~]# rpm -ivh /mnt/Packages/bind-9.9.4-50.el7.x86_64.rpm
[root@centos02 ~]# rpm -ivh /mnt/Packages/bind-chroot-9.9.4-50.el7.x86_64.rpm

3）设置服务开机自动启动

[root@centos02 ~]# systemctl start named
[root@centos02 ~]# systemctl enable named

2、修改主配置文件和区域配置文件

1）修改DNS主配置文件

options {     
listen-on port 53 { any; };

directory      
"/var/named";
};
zone "stz.com" IN {

type master;

file "/var/named/stz.com.zone";
};

2）检查主配置文件是否错误

[root@centos02 ~]# named-checkconf /etc/named.conf

3）修改区域配置文件

[root@centos02 ~]# vim
/var/named/stz.com.zone
$TTL            86400
@               SOA             stz.com.        root.stz.com. (
                202321210
                1H
                15M
                1W
                1D
)
@               NS              centos02.stz.com.
centos02        A               192.168.100.20
www             A               192.168.100.10

4）检查区域配置文件是否错误

[root@centos02 ~]# named-checkzone stz.com /var/named/stz.com.zone 
zone stz.com/IN: loaded serial 202321210
OK

3、启动DNS服务查看服务运行状态

1）启动DNS服务

[root@centos02 ~]# systemctl start named

2）查看服务运行状态

[root@centos02 ~]# netstat -anptu | grep named
tcp       
0      0 127.0.0.1:53            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      39645/named         
tcp       
0      0 127.0.0.1:953           0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      39645/named         
tcp6      
0      0 ::1:53                  :::*                    LISTEN      39645/named         
tcp6      
0      0 ::1:953                 :::*                    LISTEN      39645/named         
udp       
0      0 127.0.0.1:53            0.0.0.0:*                           39645/named         
udp6     
 0      0 ::1:53                  :::*                                39645/named

4、配置验证DNS访问网站

1）给客户端配置ip

2）配置域名解析

3）访问网站

三、在Centos01上配置apache工作模式优化

1、管理Apache的prefork工作模式

1）查看Apache默认的prefork工作模式

[root@centos01 ~]# httpd -V
Server version: Apache/2.2.17 (Unix)
Server built:   Feb 12 2023 18:02:11
Server's Module Magic Number: 20051115:25
Server loaded:  APR 1.4.2, APR-Util 1.3.10
Compiled using: APR 1.4.2, APR-Util 1.3.10
Architecture:   64-bit
Server MPM:     Prefork

threaded:     no
    forked:     yes (variable process count)
Server compiled with....
 -D
APACHE_MPM_DIR="server/mpm/prefork"
 -D
APR_HAS_SENDFILE
 -D
APR_HAS_MMAP
 -D
APR_HAVE_IPV6 (IPv4-mapped addresses enabled)
 -D
APR_USE_SYSVSEM_SERIALIZE
 -D
APR_USE_PTHREAD_SERIALIZE
 -D
APR_HAS_OTHER_CHILD
 -D
AP_HAVE_RELIABLE_PIPED_LOGS
 -D
DYNAMIC_MODULE_LIMIT=128
 -D
HTTPD_ROOT="/usr/local/httpd"
 -D
SUEXEC_BIN="/usr/local/httpd/bin/suexec"
 -D
DEFAULT_PIDLOG="logs/httpd.pid"
 -D
DEFAULT_SCOREBOARD="logs/apache_runtime_status"
 -D
DEFAULT_LOCKFILE="logs/accept.lock"
 -D
DEFAULT_ERRORLOG="logs/error_log"
 -D
AP_TYPES_CONFIG_FILE="conf/mime.types"
 -D
SERVER_CONFIG_FILE="conf/httpd.conf"

2）优化prefork工作模式

[root@centos01 ~]# vim /usr/local/httpd/conf/extra/httpd-mpm.conf
<IfModule mpm_prefork_module>

StartServers          5            //启动进程数
MinSpareServers       5          //最小空闲进程，空闲小于当前值自动创建

MaxSpareServers      10         //空闲进程大于当前值自动kill掉

Serverlimit         200           //最大进程

MaxClients          150         //最大并发请求数必须前150处理完处理151

MaxRequestsPerChild   0         //每个子进程最大处理请求数0不限制，可以防止内存外溢和负载下降可以减少子进程数
</IfModule>

3）查看prefork的进程信息

[root@centos01 ~]# ps -ef | grep http
root     
53908      1  0 18:26 ?        00:00:00 /usr/local/httpd/bin/httpd -k
start
daemon   
53909  53908  0 18:26 ?        00:00:00 /usr/local/httpd/bin/httpd -k
start
daemon   
53910  53908  0 18:26 ?        00:00:00 /usr/local/httpd/bin/httpd -k
start
daemon   
53911  53908  0 18:26 ?        00:00:00 /usr/local/httpd/bin/httpd -k
start
daemon   
53912  53908  0 18:26 ?        00:00:00 /usr/local/httpd/bin/httpd -k
start
daemon   
53913  53908  0 18:26 ?        00:00:00 /usr/local/httpd/bin/httpd -k
start
daemon   
92661  53908  0 18:51 ?        00:00:00 /usr/local/httpd/bin/httpd -k
start
root     
92840  92692  0 19:00 pts/1    00:00:00 grep --color=auto http

2、管理apache的woker工作模式

1）修改apache的工作模式为worker

[root@centos01 httpd-2.2.17]# ./configure
--prefix=/usr/local/httpd/ --enable-so \
> --enable-rewrite \
> --enable-charset-lite \
> --enable-cgi \
> --with-mpm=worker

2）安装apache

[root@centos01 httpd-2.2.17]# make && make install

3）查看修改后的工作模式

[root@centos01 ~]# httpd -V
Server version: Apache/2.2.17 (Unix)
Server built:   Feb 12 2023 19:06:06
Server's Module Magic Number: 20051115:25
Server loaded:  APR 1.4.2, APR-Util 1.3.10
Compiled using: APR 1.4.2, APR-Util 1.3.10
Architecture:   64-bit
Server MPM:     Worker

threaded:     yes (fixed thread
count)

forked:     yes (variable process
count)
Server compiled with....
 -D
APACHE_MPM_DIR="server/mpm/worker"
 -D
APR_HAS_SENDFILE
 -D
APR_HAS_MMAP
 -D
APR_HAVE_IPV6 (IPv4-mapped addresses enabled)
 -D
APR_USE_SYSVSEM_SERIALIZE
 -D
APR_USE_PTHREAD_SERIALIZE
 -D
APR_HAS_OTHER_CHILD
 -D
AP_HAVE_RELIABLE_PIPED_LOGS
 -D
DYNAMIC_MODULE_LIMIT=128
 -D
HTTPD_ROOT="/usr/local/httpd/"
 -D
SUEXEC_BIN="/usr/local/httpd//bin/suexec"
 -D
DEFAULT_SCOREBOARD="logs/apache_runtime_status"
 -D
DEFAULT_ERRORLOG="logs/error_log"
 -D
AP_TYPES_CONFIG_FILE="conf/mime.types"
 -D
SERVER_CONFIG_FILE="conf/httpd.conf"

4）修改apache主配置文件加载worker配置

[root@centos01 ~]# vim /usr/local/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
347 Include conf/extra/httpd-mpm.con

5）修改apache工作模式配置文件

[root@centos01 ~]# vim /usr/local/httpd/conf/extra/httpd-mpm.conf
<IfModule mpm_worker_module>

StartServers          2                          //启动进程

ServerLimit         512                         //最大进程数

ThreadLimit         64                         //每个进程处理最大线程

MaxClients          12800                   //最大连接并发请求

MinSpareThreads      25                      //最小空闲线程

MaxSpareThreads      75                      //最大空闲线程

ThreadsPerChild      25                        //每个进程默认处理线程数

MaxRequestsPerChild   0                       ///每个子进程最大处理请求数0不限制
</IfModule>

6）检查配置是否错误

[root@centos01 ~]# httpd -t
Syntax OK

7）重启服务

[root@centos01 ~]# systemctl restart httpd

8）使用pstree查看线程数-a详细信息

[root@centos01 ~]# pstree
systemd─┬─ModemManager───2*[{ModemManager}]

├─NetworkManager───2*[{NetworkManager}]

├─VGAuthService

├─2*[abrt-watch-log]

├─abrtd

├─agetty

├─alsactl

├─atd

├─auditd─┬─audispd─┬─sedispatch

│        │         └─{audispd}

│        └─{auditd}

├─avahi-daemon───avahi-daemon

├─chronyd

├─crond

├─cupsd

├─dbus-daemon

├─dnsmasq───dnsmasq

├─gssproxy───5*[{gssproxy}]

├─httpd─┬─httpd

│       └─2*[httpd───26*[{httpd}]]

├─ksmtuned───sleep

├─libvirtd───15*[{libvirtd}]

├─lsmd

├─lvmetad

├─master─┬─pickup

│        └─qmgr
        ├─polkitd───5*[{polkitd}]

├─rngd

├─rsyslogd───2*[{rsyslogd}]

├─smartd

├─sshd─┬─sshd───bash

│      └─sshd───bash───pstree

├─systemd-journal

├─systemd-logind

├─systemd-udevd

├─tuned───4*[{tuned}]

└─vmtoolsd───{vmtoolsd}

3、配置使用ab压力测试

1）压力测试

[root@centos01 ~]# ab -n1000 -c500
www.stz.com/index.html
This is ApacheBench, Version 2.3
<$Revision: 655654 $>
Copyright 1996 Adam Twiss, Zeus Technology
Ltd, http://www.zeustech.net/
Licensed to The Apache Software Foundation,
http://www.apache.org/

Benchmarking www.stz.com (be patient)
Completed 100 requests
Completed 200 requests
Completed 300 requests
Completed 400 requests
Completed 500 requests
Completed 600 requests
Completed 700 requests
Completed 800 requests
Completed 900 requests
Completed 1000 requests
Finished 1000 requests


Server Software:        Apache/2.2.17
Server Hostname:        www.stz.com
Server Port:            80

Document Path:          /index.html
Document Length:        12 bytes

Concurrency Level:      500
Time taken for tests:   0.823 seconds
Complete requests:      1000
Failed requests:        0
Write errors:           0
Total transferred:      272205 bytes
HTML transferred:       12420 bytes
Requests per second:    1214.71 [#/sec] (mean)
Time per request:       411.623 [ms] (mean)
Time per request:       0.823 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent
requests)
Transfer rate:          322.90 [Kbytes/sec] received

Connection Times (ms)
              min 
mean[+/-sd] median   max
Connect:        0   
2   1.9      1      
6
Processing:     4  
75 137.9      7     816
Waiting:        4  
75 138.0      7     816
Total:          4  
77 139.3      8     820

Percentage of the requests served within a
certain time (ms)

50%      8

66%     10

75%     11

80%    215

90%    417

95%    420

98%    420

99%    421
 100%   
820 (longest request)

2）查看线程和进程数

[root@centos01 ~]# pstree -a
systemd --switched-root --system
--deserialize21

├─ModemManager

│   └─2*[{ModemManager}]

├─NetworkManager --no-daemon

│   └─2*[{NetworkManager}]

├─VGAuthService -s

├─abrt-watch-log -F Backtrace /var/log/Xorg.0.log --/usr/b

├─abrt-watch-log -F BUG: WARNING: at WARNING: CPU:INFO: po

├─abrtd -d -s

├─agetty --noclear tty1 linux

├─alsactl -s -n 19 -c -EALSA_CONFIG_PATH=/etc/alsa/alsact

├─atd -f

├─auditd

│   ├─audispd

│   │   ├─sedispatch

│   │   └─{audispd}

│   └─{auditd}

├─avahi-daemon

│   └─avahi-daemon

├─chronyd

├─crond -n

├─cupsd -f

├─dbus-daemon --system --address=systemd: --nofork ...

├─dnsmasq--conf-file=/var/lib/libvirt/dnsmasq/default.con

│  
└─dnsmasq--conf-file=/var/lib/libvirt/dnsmasq/default.con
  ├─gssproxy
-D

│   └─5*[{gssproxy}]

├─httpd -k start

│   ├─httpd -k start

│   ├─httpd -k start

│   │   └─26*[{httpd}]

│   └─httpd -k start

│       └─26*[{httpd}]

├─ksmtuned /usr/sbin/ksmtuned

│   └─sleep 60

├─libvirtd

│   └─15*[{libvirtd}]

├─lsmd -d

├─lvmetad -f

├─master -w

│   ├─pickup -l -t unix -u

│   └─qmgr -l -t unix -u

├─polkitd --no-debug

│   └─5*[{polkitd}]

├─rngd -f

├─rsyslogd -n

│   └─2*[{rsyslogd}]

├─smartd -n -q never

├─sshd -D

│   ├─sshd    

│   │   └─bash

│   └─sshd    

│       └─bash

│           └─pstree -a

├─systemd-journal

├─systemd-logind

├─systemd-udevd

├─tuned -Es /usr/sbin/tuned -l -P

│   └─4*[{tuned}]

└─vmtoolsd

└─{vmtoolsd}