之前已经实现过Blazor
在线编译了,现在我们 实现一个简单的在浏览器运行的编辑器,并且让他可以编译我们的C#代码,
技术栈:
Roslyn 用于编译c#
代码
[monaco](microsoft/monaco-editor: A browser based code editor (github.com)) 用于提供语法高亮和代码的智能提示
WebAssembly在线编译使用场景
问:在浏览器编译有什么用?我可以在电脑编译还可以调试,为什么要在浏览器中去编译代码?
答:对比某些场景,比如一些Blazor组件库,提供一个简单的编辑框,在编辑框中可以编辑组件代码,并且实时看到组件动态渲染效果,这样是不是会提高一些开发效率?或者说在某些学生,可能刚刚入门,还没有开发设备,想着熟悉c#,使用在线编辑是不是更简单?
问:WebAssembly不是打包几十MB吗?那岂不是下载很久?
答: 可以参考这个博客 如何将WebAssembly优化到1MB,Blazor WebAssembly的优化方案。最小可以到1MB,其实并不会很大
问:是否有示例项目?
答:Blazor 在线编辑器 这是一个可以在浏览器动态编译Blazor的编辑器,
创建WebAssembly
实现我们创建一个空的Blazor WebAssembly
的项目 ,并且命名为WebEditor
如图所示
然后删除Pages\Index.razor
,_Imports.razor
,App.razor
,MainLayout.razor
文件
项目添加包引用,将以下代码copy到项目文件中添加引用
<PackageReference Include="Microsoft.CodeAnalysis.CSharp" Version="4.4.0" />
创建Compile.cs
,用于编写编译工具,添加以下代码,在这里我们使用Roslyn
编译我们的C#代码,并且执行,这里还会提供 Execute
方法供js
调用
public class Compile
{
/// <summary>
/// 定义需要加载的程序集,相当于项目引用第三方程序集
/// </summary>
static List<string> ReferenceAssembly = new(){
"/_framework/System.dll",
"/_framework/System.Buffers.dll",
"/_framework/System.Collections.dll",
"/_framework/System.Core.dll",
"/_framework/System.Linq.Expressions.dll",
"/_framework/System.Linq.Parallel.dll",
"/_framework/mscorlib.dll",
"/_framework/System.Linq.dll",
"/_framework/System.Console.dll",
"/_framework/System.Private.CoreLib.dll",
"/_framework/System.Runtime.dll"
};
private static IEnumerable<MetadataReference>? _references;
private static CSharpCompilation _previousCompilation;
private static object[] _submissionStates = { null, null };
private static int _submissionIndex = 0;
/// <summary>
/// 注入的HttpClient
/// </summary>
private static HttpClient Http;
/// <summary>
/// 初始化Compile
/// </summary>
/// <param name="http"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static void Init(HttpClient http)
{
Http = http;
}
[JSInvokable("Execute")]
public static async Task<string> Execute(string code)
{
return await RunSubmission(code);
}
private static bool TryCompile(string source, out Assembly? assembly, out IEnumerable<Diagnostic> errorDiagnostics)
{
assembly = null;
var scriptCompilation = CSharpCompilation.CreateScriptCompilation(
Path.GetRandomFileName(),
CSharpSyntaxTree.ParseText(source, CSharpParseOptions.Default.WithKind(SourceCodeKind.Script)
.WithLanguageVersion(LanguageVersion.Preview)), _references,
// 默认引用的程序集
new CSharpCompilationOptions(OutputKind.DynamicallyLinkedLibrary, usings: new[]
{
"System",
"System.Collections.Generic",
"System.Console",
"System.Diagnostics",
"System.Dynamic",
"System.Linq",
"System.Linq.Expressions",
"System.Text",
"System.Threading.Tasks"
}, concurrentBuild: false), // 需要注意,目前由于WebAssembly不支持多线程,这里不能使用并发编译
_previousCompilation
);
errorDiagnostics = scriptCompilation.GetDiagnostics().Where(x => x.Severity == DiagnosticSeverity.Error);
if (errorDiagnostics.Any())
{
return false;
}
using var peStream = new MemoryStream();
var emitResult = scriptCompilation.Emit(peStream);
if (emitResult.Success)
{
_submissionIndex++;
_previousCompilation = scriptCompilation;
assembly = Assembly.Load(peStream.ToArray());
return true;
}
return false;
}
/// <summary>
/// 执行Code
/// </summary>
/// <param name="code"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
private static async Task<string> RunSubmission(string code)
{
var diagnostic = string.Empty;
try
{
if (_references == null)
{
// 定义零时集合
var references = new List<MetadataReference>(ReferenceAssembly.Count);
foreach (var reference in ReferenceAssembly)
{
await using var stream = await Http.GetStreamAsync(reference);
references.Add(MetadataReference.CreateFromStream(stream));
}
_references = references;
}
if (TryCompile(code, out var script, out var errorDiagnostics))
{
var entryPoint = _previousCompilation.GetEntryPoint(CancellationToken.None);
var type = script.GetType($"{entryPoint.ContainingNamespace.MetadataName}.{entryPoint.ContainingType.MetadataName}");
var entryPointMethod = type.GetMethod(entryPoint.MetadataName);
var submission = (Func<object[], Task>)entryPointMethod.CreateDelegate(typeof(Func<object[], Task>));
// 如果不进行添加会出现超出索引
if (_submissionIndex >= _submissionStates.Length)
{
Array.Resize(ref _submissionStates, Math.Max(_submissionIndex, _submissionStates.Length * 2));
}
// 执行代码
_ = await ((Task<object>)submission(_submissionStates));
}
diagnostic = string.Join(Environment.NewLine, errorDiagnostics);
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
diagnostic += Environment.NewLine + ex;
}
return diagnostic;
}
}
修改Program.cs
文件,在这里我们注入了HttpClient
,并且传递到了Compile.Init
中;
var builder = WebAssemblyHostBuilder.CreateDefault(args);
builder.RootComponents.Add<HeadOutlet>("head::after");
builder.Services.AddScoped(sp => new HttpClient { BaseAddress = new Uri(builder.HostEnvironment.BaseAddress) });
var app = builder.Build();
// 获取HttpClient传递到初始化编译
Compile.Init(app.Services.GetRequiredService<HttpClient>());
await app.RunAsync();
编写界面
创建wwwroot/index.html
我们将使用monaco创建我们的编辑框,通过引用cdn加载monaco的js
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8" />
<title>WebEditor</title>
<base href="/" />
<link href="web-editor.css" rel="stylesheet" />
</head>
<body>
<div>
<div class="web-editor" >
</div>
<div class="web-editor console" >
</div>
<div class="clear" >
清空调试
</div>
<div class="run" >
运行
</div>
</div>
<!-- 设置autostart="false" 将不会自动加载web Assembly程序集 -->
<script src="_framework/blazor.webassembly.js"></script>
<script>
var require = { paths: { 'vs': 'https://cdn.masastack.com/npm/monaco-editor/0.34.1/min/vs' } };
</script>
<script src="https://cdn.masastack.com/npm/monaco-editor/0.34.1/min/vs/loader.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdn.masastack.com/npm/monaco-editor/0.34.1/min/vs/editor/editor.main.nls.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdn.masastack.com/npm/monaco-editor/0.34.1/min/vs/editor/editor.main.js"></script>
<script>
// 等待dom加载完成
window.addEventListener('load', function () {
// 创建Monaco对象存储在window中
window.webeditor = monaco.editor.create(document.getElementById('monaco'), {
value: `Console.WriteLine("欢迎使用Token在线编辑器");`, // 设置初始值
language: 'csharp', // 设置monaco 语法提示
automaticLayout: true, // 跟随父容器大小
theme: "vs-dark" // 主题
});
document.getElementById("run").onclick = () => {
// 调用封装的方法将编辑器的代码传入
execute(window.webeditor.getValue());
};
// 清空调试区
document.getElementById('clear').onclick = () => {
document.getElementById("console").innerText = '';
}
async function execute(code) {
// 使用js互操调用WebEditor程序集下的Execute静态方法,并且发送参数
code = await DotNet.invokeMethodAsync('WebEditor', 'Execute', code);
document.getElementById("console").innerText += code;
}
})
</script>
</body>
</html>
创建web-editor.css
样式文件
/*通用样式*/
.web-editor {
height: 98vh; /*可见高度*/
width: 50%;/*区块宽度*/
float: left;
}
/*运行按钮*/
.run {
position: fixed; /*悬浮*/
height: 23px;
width: 34px;
right: 8px; /*靠右上角*/
cursor: pointer; /*显示手指*/
background: #3d5fab; /*背景颜色*/
border-radius: 6px;
user-select: none; /*禁止选择*/
}
/*清除按钮*/
.clear {
position: fixed;
height: 23px;
width: 69px;
right: 45px;
cursor: pointer;
background: #fd0707;
border-radius: 6px;
user-select: none;
}
.console {
background-color: dimgray;
color: aliceblue;
}
执行我们的项目,效果如图:
示例地址: GitHub
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