接上篇 通过一个示例形象地理解C# async await 非并行异步、并行异步、并行异步的并发量控制
前些天写了两篇关于C# async await异步的博客，
第一篇博客看的人多，点赞评论也多，我想应该都看懂了，比较简单。
第二篇博客看的人少，点赞的也少，没有评论。
我很纳闷，第二篇博客才是重点，如此吊炸天的代码，居然没人评论。
这个代码，就是.NET圈的*大佬也没有写过，为什么这么说，这就要说到C# async await的语法糖：
没有语法糖，代码一样写，java8没有语法糖，一样写出很厉害的代码。但有了C# async await语法糖，普通的水平一般的业务程序员，哪怕是菜B，也能写出高吞吐高性能的代码，这就是意义！
所以我说*大佬没写过，因为他们水平高，脑力好，手段多，自然不需要这么写。但普通程序员要那样写代码，麻烦不说，BUG频出。
标题我用了"探索"这个词，有没有更好的实践，让小白们都会写的并行异步的实践？
ElasticSearch的性能
代码的实用价值，是查询es。
最近发现es的性能非常好！先给大家看个控制台输出的截图。服务我是部署在服务器上的，真实环境，不是自己电脑。
379次es查询，仅需0.185秒，当然耗时会有波动，零点几秒都是正常的，超过1秒也有可能。
es最怕的是什么，是慢查询，是条件复杂的查询，是范围查询。
我的策略是多次精确查询，这样可以利用es极高的吞吐能力。
并行异步
既然查询次数多，单线程或者说同步肯定是不行的，必须并行。
并行代码，python能写吗？java能写吗？肯定能啊！
但我前同事写的python多次查询es写的就是同步代码，为什么不并行呢？并行肯定可以写，但是能不写就不写，为什么？因为写起来复杂，不好写。你以为自己技术好，脑力好没问题，但别人呢？
重点是什么？不仅要写并行代码，还要写的简单，不破坏代码原有逻辑结构。
异步方法
大家都会写的，用async await就行了，很简单，放个我写的，代码主要是在双循环中多次异步请求(大致看一下先跳过)：
/// <summary>
/// xxx查询
/// </summary>
public async Task<List<AccompanyInfo>> Query2(string strStartTime, string strEndTime, int kpCountThreshold, int countThreshold, int distanceThreshold, int timeThreshold, List<PeopleCluster> peopleClusterList)
{
List<AccompanyInfo> resultList = new List<AccompanyInfo>();
Stopwatch sw = Stopwatch.StartNew();
//创建字典
Dictionary<string, PeopleCluster> clusterIdPeopleDict = new Dictionary<string, PeopleCluster>();
foreach (PeopleCluster peopleCluster in peopleClusterList)
{
foreach (string clusterId in peopleCluster.ClusterIds)
{
if (!clusterIdPeopleDict.ContainsKey(clusterId))
{
clusterIdPeopleDict.Add(clusterId, peopleCluster);
}
}
}
int queryCount = 0;
Dictionary<string, AccompanyInfo> dict = new Dictionary<string, AccompanyInfo>();
foreach (PeopleCluster people1 in peopleClusterList)
{
List<PeopleFeatureInfo> peopleFeatureList = await ServiceFactory.Get<PeopleFeatureQueryService>().Query(strStartTime, strEndTime, people1);
queryCount++;
foreach (PeopleFeatureInfo peopleFeatureInfo1 in peopleFeatureList)
{
DateTime capturedTime = DateTime.ParseExact(peopleFeatureInfo1.captured_time, "yyyyMMddHHmmss", CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
string strStartTime2 = capturedTime.AddSeconds(-timeThreshold).ToString("yyyyMMddHHmmss");
string strEndTime2 = capturedTime.AddSeconds(timeThreshold).ToString("yyyyMMddHHmmss");
List<PeopleFeatureInfo> peopleFeatureList2 = await ServiceFactory.Get<PeopleFeatureQueryService>().QueryExcludeSelf(strStartTime2, strEndTime2, people1);
queryCount++;
if (peopleFeatureList2.Count > 0)
{
foreach (PeopleFeatureInfo peopleFeatureInfo2 in peopleFeatureList2)
{
string key = null;
PeopleCluster people2 = null;
string people2ClusterId = null;
if (clusterIdPeopleDict.ContainsKey(peopleFeatureInfo2.cluster_id.ToString()))
{
people2 = clusterIdPeopleDict[peopleFeatureInfo2.cluster_id.ToString()];
key = $"{string.Join(",", people1.ClusterIds)}_{string.Join(",", people2.ClusterIds)}";
}
else
{
people2ClusterId = peopleFeatureInfo2.cluster_id.ToString();
key = $"{string.Join(",", people1.ClusterIds)}_{string.Join(",", people2ClusterId)}";
}
double distance = LngLatUtil.CalcDistance(peopleFeatureInfo1.Longitude, peopleFeatureInfo1.Latitude, peopleFeatureInfo2.Longitude, peopleFeatureInfo2.Latitude);
if (distance > distanceThreshold) continue;
AccompanyInfo accompanyInfo;
if (dict.ContainsKey(key))
{
accompanyInfo = dict[key];
}
else
{
accompanyInfo = new AccompanyInfo();
dict.Add(key, accompanyInfo);
}
accompanyInfo.People1 = people1;
if (people2 != null)
{
accompanyInfo.People2 = people2;
}
else
{
accompanyInfo.ClusterId2 = people2ClusterId;
}
AccompanyItem accompanyItem = new AccompanyItem();
accompanyItem.Info1 = peopleFeatureInfo1;
accompanyItem.Info2 = peopleFeatureInfo2;
accompanyInfo.List.Add(accompanyItem);
accompanyInfo.Count++;
resultList.Add(accompanyInfo);
}
}
}
}
resultList = resultList.FindAll(a => (a.People2 != null && a.Count >= kpCountThreshold) || a.Count >= countThreshold);
//去重
int beforeDistinctCount = resultList.Count;
resultList = resultList.DistinctBy(a =>
{
string str1 = string.Join(",", a.People1.ClusterIds);
string str2 = a.People2 != null ? string.Join(",", a.People2.ClusterIds) : string.Empty;
string str3 = a.ClusterId2 ?? string.Empty;
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
foreach (AccompanyItem item in a.List)
{
var info2 = item.Info2;
sb.Append($"{info2.camera_id},{info2.captured_time},{info2.cluster_id}");
}
return $"{str1}_{str2}_{str3}_{sb}";
}).ToList();
sw.Stop();
string msg = $"xxx查询，耗时：{sw.Elapsed.TotalSeconds:0.000} 秒，查询次数：{queryCount}，去重：{beforeDistinctCount}-->{resultList.Count}";
Console.WriteLine(msg);
LogUtil.Info(msg);
return resultList;
}
异步方法的并行化
上述代码是没有问题的，但也有问题。就是在双循环中多次请求，虽然用了async await，但不是并行，耗时会很长，如何优化？请看如下代码：
/// <summary>
/// xxx查询
/// </summary>
public async Task<List<AccompanyInfo>> Query(string strStartTime, string strEndTime, int kpCountThreshold, int countThreshold, int distanceThreshold, int timeThreshold, List<PeopleCluster> peopleClusterList)
{
List<AccompanyInfo> resultList = new List<AccompanyInfo>();
Stopwatch sw = Stopwatch.StartNew();
//创建字典
Dictionary<string, PeopleCluster> clusterIdPeopleDict = new Dictionary<string, PeopleCluster>();
foreach (PeopleCluster peopleCluster in peopleClusterList)
{
foreach (string clusterId in peopleCluster.ClusterIds)
{
if (!clusterIdPeopleDict.ContainsKey(clusterId))
{
clusterIdPeopleDict.Add(clusterId, peopleCluster);
}
}
}
//组织第一层循环task
Dictionary<PeopleCluster, Task<List<PeopleFeatureInfo>>> tasks1 = new Dictionary<PeopleCluster, Task<List<PeopleFeatureInfo>>>();
foreach (PeopleCluster people1 in peopleClusterList)
{
var task1 = ServiceFactory.Get<PeopleFeatureQueryService>().Query(strStartTime, strEndTime, people1);
tasks1.Add(people1, task1);
}
//计算第一层循环task并缓存结果，组织第二层循环task
Dictionary<string, Task<List<PeopleFeatureInfo>>> tasks2 = new Dictionary<string, Task<List<PeopleFeatureInfo>>>();
Dictionary<PeopleCluster, List<PeopleFeatureInfo>> cache1 = new Dictionary<PeopleCluster, List<PeopleFeatureInfo>>();
foreach (PeopleCluster people1 in peopleClusterList)
{
List<PeopleFeatureInfo> peopleFeatureList = await tasks1[people1];
cache1.Add(people1, peopleFeatureList);
foreach (PeopleFeatureInfo peopleFeatureInfo1 in peopleFeatureList)
{
DateTime capturedTime = DateTime.ParseExact(peopleFeatureInfo1.captured_time, "yyyyMMddHHmmss", CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
string strStartTime2 = capturedTime.AddSeconds(-timeThreshold).ToString("yyyyMMddHHmmss");
string strEndTime2 = capturedTime.AddSeconds(timeThreshold).ToString("yyyyMMddHHmmss");
var task2 = ServiceFactory.Get<PeopleFeatureQueryService>().QueryExcludeSelf(strStartTime2, strEndTime2, people1);
string task2Key = $"{strStartTime2}_{strEndTime2}_{string.Join(",", people1.ClusterIds)}";
tasks2.TryAdd(task2Key, task2);
}
}
//读取第一层循环task缓存结果，计算第二层循环task
Dictionary<string, AccompanyInfo> dict = new Dictionary<string, AccompanyInfo>();
foreach (PeopleCluster people1 in peopleClusterList)
{
List<PeopleFeatureInfo> peopleFeatureList = cache1[people1];
foreach (PeopleFeatureInfo peopleFeatureInfo1 in peopleFeatureList)
{
DateTime capturedTime = DateTime.ParseExact(peopleFeatureInfo1.captured_time, "yyyyMMddHHmmss", CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
string strStartTime2 = capturedTime.AddSeconds(-timeThreshold).ToString("yyyyMMddHHmmss");
string strEndTime2 = capturedTime.AddSeconds(timeThreshold).ToString("yyyyMMddHHmmss");
string task2Key = $"{strStartTime2}_{strEndTime2}_{string.Join(",", people1.ClusterIds)}";
List<PeopleFeatureInfo> peopleFeatureList2 = await tasks2[task2Key];
if (peopleFeatureList2.Count > 0)
{
foreach (PeopleFeatureInfo peopleFeatureInfo2 in peopleFeatureList2)
{
string key = null;
PeopleCluster people2 = null;
string people2ClusterId = null;
if (clusterIdPeopleDict.ContainsKey(peopleFeatureInfo2.cluster_id.ToString()))
{
people2 = clusterIdPeopleDict[peopleFeatureInfo2.cluster_id.ToString()];
key = $"{string.Join(",", people1.ClusterIds)}_{string.Join(",", people2.ClusterIds)}";
}
else
{
people2ClusterId = peopleFeatureInfo2.cluster_id.ToString();
key = $"{string.Join(",", people1.ClusterIds)}_{string.Join(",", people2ClusterId)}";
}
double distance = LngLatUtil.CalcDistance(peopleFeatureInfo1.Longitude, peopleFeatureInfo1.Latitude, peopleFeatureInfo2.Longitude, peopleFeatureInfo2.Latitude);
if (distance > distanceThreshold) continue;
AccompanyInfo accompanyInfo;
if (dict.ContainsKey(key))
{
accompanyInfo = dict[key];
}
else
{
accompanyInfo = new AccompanyInfo();
dict.Add(key, accompanyInfo);
}
accompanyInfo.People1 = people1;
if (people2 != null)
{
accompanyInfo.People2 = people2;
}
else
{
accompanyInfo.ClusterId2 = people2ClusterId;
}
AccompanyItem accompanyItem = new AccompanyItem();
accompanyItem.Info1 = peopleFeatureInfo1;
accompanyItem.Info2 = peopleFeatureInfo2;
accompanyInfo.List.Add(accompanyItem);
accompanyInfo.Count++;
resultList.Add(accompanyInfo);
}
}
}
}
resultList = resultList.FindAll(a => (a.People2 != null && a.Count >= kpCountThreshold) || a.Count >= countThreshold);
//去重
int beforeDistinctCount = resultList.Count;
resultList = resultList.DistinctBy(a =>
{
string str1 = string.Join(",", a.People1.ClusterIds);
string str2 = a.People2 != null ? string.Join(",", a.People2.ClusterIds) : string.Empty;
string str3 = a.ClusterId2 ?? string.Empty;
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
foreach (AccompanyItem item in a.List)
{
var info2 = item.Info2;
sb.Append($"{info2.camera_id},{info2.captured_time},{info2.cluster_id}");
}
return $"{str1}_{str2}_{str3}_{sb}";
}).ToList();
//排序
foreach (AccompanyInfo item in resultList)
{
item.List.Sort((a, b) => -string.Compare(a.Info1.captured_time, b.Info1.captured_time));
}
sw.Stop();
string msg = $"xxx查询，耗时：{sw.Elapsed.TotalSeconds:0.000} 秒，查询次数：{tasks1.Count + tasks2.Count}，去重：{beforeDistinctCount}-->{resultList.Count}";
Console.WriteLine(msg);
LogUtil.Info(msg);
return resultList;
}
上述代码说明
- 为了使异步并行化，双循环要写三遍。第一遍只需写第一层循环，省了第二层。第二遍没有数据处理的那层子循环。第三遍是最全的。
- 和普通的异步相比，第一、二遍双循环是多出来的，第三遍双循环代码结构和普通的异步代码结构是一样的。
- 写的时候，可以先写好普通的异步方法，然后再改造成并行化的异步方法。
你为什么说.NET圈的*大佬没有写过？
- 不吹个牛，博客没人看，没人点赞啊？！
- 牛B的是C#，由于C#语法糖，把牛B的代码写简单了，才是真的牛B。
- 我倒是希望有大佬写个更好的实践，把我这种写法淘汰掉，因为这是我能想到的最容易控制的写法了。
并行代码，很多人都会写，java、python也能写，但问题是，比较菜的普通业务程序员，如何无脑写这种并行代码？
最差的写法，例如java的CompletableFuture，结合业务代码，写法就很复杂了。真的没法无脑写。
其次的写法，例如：
List<PeopleFeatureInfo>[] listArray = await Task.WhenAll(tasks2.Values);
在双循环体中，怎么拿结果？肯定能写，但又要思考怎么写了不是？
而我的写法，在双循环体中是可以直接拿结果的：
List<PeopleFeatureInfo> list = await tasks2[task2Key];
- 只放C#代码没有说服力，我一个同事python写的很6，他写的挖掘代码很多都是并行，放一段代码：
def get_es_multiprocess(index_list, people_list, core_percent, rev_clusterid_idcard_dict):
'''
多进程读取es数据，转为整个数据帧，按时间排序
:return: 规模较大的数据帧
'''
col_list = ["cluster_id", "camera_id", "captured_time"]
pool = Pool(processes=int(mp.cpu_count() * core_percent))
input_list = [(i, people_list, col_list) for i in index_list]
res = pool.map(get_es, input_list)
if not res:
return None
pool.close()
pool.join()
df_all = pd.DataFrame(columns=col_list+['longitude', 'latitude'])
for df in res:
df_all = pd.concat([df_all, df])
# 这里强制转换为字符串！
df_all['cluster_id_'] = df_all['cluster_id'].apply(lambda x: rev_clusterid_idcard_dict[str(x)])
del df_all['cluster_id']
df_all.rename(columns={'cluster_id_': 'cluster_id'}, inplace=True)
df_all.sort_values(by='captured_time', inplace=True)
print('=' * 100)
print('整个数据（聚类前）：')
print(df_all.info())
cluster_id_list = [(i, df) for i, df in df_all.groupby(['cluster_id'])]
cluster_id_list_split = [j for j in func(cluster_id_list, 1000000)]
# todo 缩小数据集,用于调试！
data_all = df_all.iloc[:, :]
return data_all, cluster_id_list_split
上述python代码解析
- 核心代码：
res = pool.map(get_es, input_list)
pool.join()
...省略
其中get_es是查询es的方法，他写的应该不是异步方法，不过这个不是重点
2. res是查询结果，通过并行的方式一把查出来，放到res中，然后把结果再解出来
3. 注意，这只是单循环，想想双层循环怎么写
4. pool.join()是阻塞当前线程的，这个不好
5. 同事注释中写的是"多进程"，是写错了吗？实际是多线程？还是就是多进程？
6. 当然，python是有async await异步写法的，应该不比C#差，只是同事没有用，可能是因为他用的python版本不够新
7. python代码，字符串太多，字符串是最不好维护的。C#中的字符串里面都是强类型。
未完，待补充
XXX
- 我们开发的低代码平台很牛B，C#：我就是低代码！
- 我们开发的平台很牛B，支持写脚本、自定义脚本，C#：我就是脚本！
- 我们用spark、flink分布式，性能牛B，C#：并行异步性能吊炸天，内存给大些，单机就可以。C#：我的并行异步的性能，能把es干挂，只要不是计算密集型，只要内存够，不用spark、flink，单机简单啊，只是es是集群就行了。