新概念2册L20笔记（动名词1、同主体动作语句的精简2、名词不能表达的意念）

L20 One man in a boat

本课单词和备注
  catch v.
    Our cat is not good at catching mice #我的猫不擅长抓老鼠
    The man is not caught   #这个人没有被抓住

  fisherman n.
    a person who catches fish,either as a job or as a sport #把捕鱼作为工作或运动的人

  boot n.
    a pair of boots

  waste n. vt.
    waste of +n.
      What a waste of paper!
      These meetings are a waste of time

    #浪费什么waste sth
    a waste time/food/energy  #浪费时间/食物/能源

    #浪费某方面waste on  sth 
      Why waste money on clothes you don't need? #为什么浪费钱买你不需要的衣服呢？

    #浪费什么做了什么waste sth in sth 

    waste in  
      You're wasting your time trying to explain

  realize v. 意识到  #常常跟随宾语从句，用以意识到或认识到sth

课文备注：
  第一句、第二句说明动名词常常用于主语或介词后
  Fishing（动名词） is my favourite sport.I often fish hours without catching（介词后动名词） anything

  I am even less lucky #even常常翻译为甚至，但此处是另类用法，even+比较，加强比较
    She is more intelligent than her sister
    She is even more intelligent than her sister

动名词

将动词变成名词 v. +ing = n.，用以名词所不能表达的较为复杂的意念；用于介词后精简语句（前提同一人或主体发出多个动作）

Reading makes me happy #动名词不再是谓语，而是主语，去描述读书使我快乐

Happiness is bringing over a hot meal when you're sick in be #动名词在主系表结构中，当表语

动名词句子成分：可以表主语、宾语、表语、介词后
    Swimming is my favorite sport  #主语位置v.ing
    I like swimming                #宾语位置v.ing
    My favorite sport is swimming  #表语位置v.ing
    I am interested in swimming    #介词位置v.ing   最为重要的方法

简单句的成分有且只有一个谓语，通过动词让复杂句子变简单   ###精简语句
    他走出了餐馆，没有付账
    He went out of the restaurant.He did not pay the bill
    He went out of the restaurant without paying the bill  #利用介词联通上下文

课后练习