Flask电影网站项目

1 开发环境搭建

1.1 Windows环境

1. 下载Python。
2. 下载PyCharm。
3. 下载virtualenv。
4. 下载MySQL。可以安转一个数据库GUI。

1.2 Linux环境

1. 下载VMware Workstation Pro。
2. 下载ubuntu和xshell。

用xshell需要是虚拟机桥接。

3. 下载Python。

pip install 名字 -i https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple

4. 下载PyCharm。

整个ubuntu还好说，但要是个最小版的Centos，那真就有点小离谱了，所以整个共享目录。

5. 下载virtualenv。

为了方便直接使用。

ln -s /usr/local/lib/python3.8/dist-packages/virtualenv /usr/bin/virtualenv
virtualenv -p python3 vir_pyhon3
source vir_python3/bin/activate

6. 下载MySQL。

sudo apt install mysql-server
sudo service mysql start

密码更改：
https://blog.csdn.net/hwstars/article/details/122738784?ops_request_misc=&request_id=&biz_id=102&utm_term=mysql%E9%A6%96%E6%AC%A1%E5%AE%89%E8%BD%AC%E5%AF%86%E7%A0%81%E5%9C%A8%E5%93%AAubuntu&utm_medium=distribute.pc_search_result.none-task-blog-2_allsobaiduweb~default-0-122738784.142^v70control,201^v4add_ask&spm=1018.2226.3001.4187

https://blog.csdn.net/qq_57309855/article/details/127602061?ops_request_misc=%257B%2522request%255Fid%2522%253A%2522167319614116800213055420%2522%252C%2522scm%2522%253A%252220140713.130102334…%2522%257D&request_id=167319614116800213055420&biz_id=0&utm_medium=distribute.pc_search_result.none-task-blog-2_allsobaiduend~default-1-127602061-null-null.142^v70control,201^v4add_ask&utm_term=ERROR%201064%20%2842000%29%3A%20You%20have%20an%20error%20in%20your%20SQL%20syntax%3B%20check%20the%20manual%20that%20corresponds%20to%20your%20MySQL%20server%20version%20for%20the%20right%20syntax%20to%20use%20near%20%E2%80%98root%E2%80%99%20at%20line%201&spm=1018.2226.3001.4187
远程连接：
https://blog.csdn.net/a648119398/article/details/122420906?ops_request_misc=%257B%2522request%255Fid%2522%253A%2522167319661216800215020531%2522%252C%2522scm%2522%253A%252220140713.130102334…%2522%257D&request_id=167319661216800215020531&biz_id=0&utm_medium=distribute.pc_search_result.none-task-blog-2_alltop_positive~default-1-122420906-null-null.142^v70control,201^v4add_ask&utm_term=navicat%E8%BF%9C%E7%A8%8B%E8%BF%9E%E6%8E%A5mysql&spm=1018.2226.3001.4187

https://blog.csdn.net/fengzijinliang/article/details/51387102?ops_request_misc=&request_id=&biz_id=102&utm_term=navicat%E8%BF%9C%E7%A8%8B%E8%BF%9E%E6%8E%A5mysql&utm_medium=distribute.pc_search_result.none-task-blog-2_allsobaiduweb~default-1-51387102.142^v70control,201^v4add_ask&spm=1018.2226.3001.4187

最后一个问题是发现我的my.cnf中并没有需要注释的代码，反而在/etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf文件中，注释掉就好了。
本人所写的博客：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_61823031/article/details/128608050

2 Flask框架简介

2.1 MVC框架对比

• Flask：微框架。易学习、Jinja2模板、内置服务器、扩展丰富，易扩展。
• Django：全能框架、学习成本大
• Tornado：高性能、异步处理、扩展不多
• Bottle：小巧

2.2 下载

pip install flask

2.3 运行

Windows下直接使用PyCharm进行。
Linux下运行：

export FLASK_APP=app.py
flask run host 0.0.0.0

然后就可以使用Linux的主机IP地址在浏览器上进行访问即可。

2.4 Flask相关

2.5 Flask配置

网络配置
监听网卡：本地网卡（127.0.0.1），整块网卡（0.0.0.0）

这里导入配置的方法，本人选择使用导入py文件配置。
如下：

from flask import Flask
import configs


# 初始化实例
app = Flask(__name__)
# 加载配置文件
app.config.from_object(configs)


@app.route('/')
def hello_world():  # put application's code here
    return 'Hello World!'


if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run(host="0.0.0.0")

DEBUG = True

一直有个警告气死我了，调的时候还导致多了第一句废话，更气了！

3 Flask路由和请求对象

3.1 路由方式

• route()：内部调用add_url_rule()
• add_url_rule()

加入参数的方式。

@app.route("/<name>"):
def hello(name)
	return "hello, %s" % name

• 蓝图

一般使用两个文件来实现，类似如下所示。

from flask import Flask
from controller import start
import configs

# 初始化实例
app = Flask(__name__)
# 加载配置文件
app.config.from_object(configs)

app.register_blueprint(start, url_prefix="/start")

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run(host="0.0.0.0")

from flask import Flask, Blueprint

start = Blueprint("start", __name__)


@start.route("/")
def hello():
    return "hello, world!"


@start.route("/my")
def hello2():
    return "hello, two!"

3.2 HTTP请求

• DNS解析：根据域名获取IP
• HTTP请求
• HTTP响应

获取请求对象的GET和POST参数
请求的示例代码：

@start.route("/get")
def get():
    var_a = request.args.get("a", "hello")
    return  "request:%s, params:%s,var_a:%s"%(request.method, request.args, var_a)


@start.route("/post", methods=["POST"])
def post():
    var_a = request.form['a'] if "a" in request.form else ''
    return "request:%s, params:%s,var_a:%s"%(request.method, request.form, var_a)

post请求直接刷新浏览器是不行的，这里使用了hackbar这样的一款插件来发送post请求。

还有一种不需要区分的方式：

@start.route("/get")
def get():
    req = request.values
    var_a = req['a'] if 'a' in req else "none"
    # var_a = request.args.get("a", "hello")
    return  "request:%s, params:%s,var_a:%s"%(request.method, request.args, var_a)


@start.route("/post", methods=["POST"])
def post():
    req = request.values
    var_a = req['a'] if 'a' in req else "none"
    # var_a = request.form['a'] if "a" in request.form else ''
    return "request:%s, params:%s,var_a:%s"%(request.method, request.form, var_a)

上传文件

@start.route("/upload", methods=["POST"])
def upload():
    f = request.files['file'] if "file" in request.files else None
    return "request:%s, params:%s,file:%s"%(request.method, request.files, f)

使用Postman进行测试。

如果对于同一个参数a，同时使用get和post的传参，request.values会接受get方式的请求。

4 Flask响应对象和模板

4.1 Flask响应

• text/html

@start.route("/text")
def text():
    return "text/html"


@start.route("/text_same")
def text_same():
    response = make_response("text/html", 200)
    return response

• Json

@start.route("/json")
def json():
    import json
    data = {"a": "b"}
    # 默认text，所以要改成json
    response = make_response(json.dumps(data))
    response.headers["Content-Type"] = "application/json"
    return response

@start.route("/json_same")
def json_same():
    data = {"a": "b"}
    response = make_response(jsonify(data))
    return response 

• 模板响应

@start.route("/template")
def template():
    return render_template("index.html")

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
hello ， template！
</body>
</html>

官方文档中的说明。

4.2 模板引擎Jinja2

• 传递变量

@start.route("/template")
def template():
    # 传值
    # name = "daye"
    # return render_template("index.html", name=name)
    name = "daye"
    context = {"name":name}
    return render_template("index.html", **context)

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
hello ， template！
<p>hello ,{{ name }}</p>
</body>
</html>

• Jinja2基本语法

@start.route("/template")
def template():
    # 传值
    # name = "daye"
    # return render_template("index.html", name=name)
    name = "daye"
    context = {"name": name, 'user': {"nickname": "day3", "qq": 12324, "home": "Bejing"}, 'num_list': [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]}
    return render_template("index.html", **context)

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
  <head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
  </head>
  <body>
    hello ， template！
    <p>hello ,{{ name }}</p>
    <p>
      {% if user %}
      {{ user.nickname }} QQ：{{ user.qq }} 家庭住址：{{ user.home }}
      {% endif %}
    </p>
    <p>
      {% for tmp in num_list %}
      {{ tmp }}
      {% endfor %}

    </p>
  </body>
</html>

• 模板继承

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>模板</title>
</head>
<body>
{% block content %}

{% endblock %}
</body>
</html>

{% extends "common/base.html" %}

{% block content %}
<p>this is extend</p>
{% endblock %}

@start.route("/extend")
def extend():
    return render_template("extend.html")

5 Flask数据库

5.1 数据库配置

下载必要的配置：

pip install flask_sqlalchemy
apt-get install libmysqlclient-dev python3-dev
pip install mysqlclient

增添代码如下所示：

from flask import Blueprint, request, make_response, jsonify, render_template
from sqlalchemy import text
from exts import db

@start.route("/template")
def template():
    # 传值
    # name = "daye"
    # return render_template("index.html", name=name)
    name = "daye"
    context = {"name": name, 'user': {"nickname": "day3", "qq": 12324, "home": "Bejing"}, 'num_list': [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]}

    sql = text("select * from `user`")
    result = db.engine.execute(sql)
    context['result'] = result
    return render_template("index.html", **context)

from flask_sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy

db = SQLAlchemy()

from flask import Flask
from controller import start
import configs
from exts import db
# 增加session会话保护(任意字符串,用来对session进行加密)
app.secret_key = "day3"
# db绑定app
db.init_app(app)

DEBUG = True
# 数据库配置
HOSTNAME = '127.0.0.1'
PORT = '3306'
DATABASE = 'mysql'
USERNAME = 'root'
PASSWORD = 'root'
DB_URI = 'mysql+mysqldb://{}:{}@{}:{}/{}?charset=utf8'. \
    format(USERNAME, PASSWORD, HOSTNAME, PORT, DATABASE)

SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI = DB_URI
SQLALCHEMY_TRACK_MODIFICATIONS = True
SQLALCHEMY_ECHO = True


5.2 Flask通过Model访问数据库

@start.route("/template")
def template():
    # 传值
    # name = "daye"
    # return render_template("index.html", name=name)
    name = "daye"
    context = {"name": name, 'user': {"nickname": "day3", "qq": 12324, "home": "Bejing"}, 'num_list': [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]}

    # 数据库查询
    # sql = text("select * from `user`")
    # result = db.engine.execute(sql)
    result = User.query.all()
    context['result'] = result
    return render_template("index.html", **context)

from exts import db


class User(db.Model):
    Host = db.Column(db.String(80), primary_key=True)
    User = db.Column(db.String(120))

5.3 自动生成model

下载自动生成model的库。

pip install flask-sqlacodegen

生成model的命令。

flask-sqlacodegen ‘mysql+mysqldb://root:root@127.0.0.1:3306/mysql?charset=utf8’ --table user --outfile “user.py” --flask

生成的表如下所示：

# coding: utf-8
from flask_sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy


db = SQLAlchemy()



class User(db.Model):
    __tablename__ = 'user'

    Host = db.Column(db.String(255, 'ascii_general_ci'), primary_key=True, nullable=False, server_default=db.FetchedValue())
    User = db.Column(db.String(32, 'utf8mb3_bin'), primary_key=True, nullable=False, server_default=db.FetchedValue())
    Select_priv = db.Column(db.Enum('N', 'Y'), nullable=False, server_default=db.FetchedValue())
    Insert_priv = db.Column(db.Enum('N', 'Y'), nullable=False, server_default=db.FetchedValue())
    Update_priv = db.Column(db.Enum('N', 'Y'), nullable=False, server_default=db.FetchedValue())
    Delete_priv = db.Column(db.Enum('N', 'Y'), nullable=False, server_default=db.FetchedValue())
    Create_priv = db.Column(db.Enum('N', 'Y'), nullable=False, server_default=db.FetchedValue())
    Drop_priv = db.Column(db.Enum('N', 'Y'), nullable=False, server_default=db.FetchedValue())
    Reload_priv = db.Column(db.Enum('N', 'Y'), nullable=False, server_default=db.FetchedValue())
    Shutdown_priv = db.Column(db.Enum('N', 'Y'), nullable=False, server_default=db.FetchedValue())
    Process_priv = db.Column(db.Enum('N', 'Y'), nullable=False, server_default=db.FetchedValue())
    File_priv = db.Column(db.Enum('N', 'Y'), nullable=False, server_default=db.FetchedValue())
    Grant_priv = db.Column(db.Enum('N', 'Y'), nullable=False, server_default=db.FetchedValue())
    References_priv = db.Column(db.Enum('N', 'Y'), nullable=False, server_default=db.FetchedValue())
    Index_priv = db.Column(db.Enum('N', 'Y'), nullable=False, server_default=db.FetchedValue())
    Alter_priv = db.Column(db.Enum('N', 'Y'), nullable=False, server_default=db.FetchedValue())
    Show_db_priv = db.Column(db.Enum('N', 'Y'), nullable=False, server_default=db.FetchedValue())
    Super_priv = db.Column(db.Enum('N', 'Y'), nullable=False, server_default=db.FetchedValue())
    Create_tmp_table_priv = db.Column(db.Enum('N', 'Y'), nullable=False, server_default=db.FetchedValue())
    Lock_tables_priv = db.Column(db.Enum('N', 'Y'), nullable=False, server_default=db.FetchedValue())
    Execute_priv = db.Column(db.Enum('N', 'Y'), nullable=False, server_default=db.FetchedValue())
    Repl_slave_priv = db.Column(db.Enum('N', 'Y'), nullable=False, server_default=db.FetchedValue())
    Repl_client_priv = db.Column(db.Enum('N', 'Y'), nullable=False, server_default=db.FetchedValue())
    Create_view_priv = db.Column(db.Enum('N', 'Y'), nullable=False, server_default=db.FetchedValue())
    Show_view_priv = db.Column(db.Enum('N', 'Y'), nullable=False, server_default=db.FetchedValue())
    Create_routine_priv = db.Column(db.Enum('N', 'Y'), nullable=False, server_default=db.FetchedValue())
    Alter_routine_priv = db.Column(db.Enum('N', 'Y'), nullable=False, server_default=db.FetchedValue())
    Create_user_priv = db.Column(db.Enum('N', 'Y'), nullable=False, server_default=db.FetchedValue())
    Event_priv = db.Column(db.Enum('N', 'Y'), nullable=False, server_default=db.FetchedValue())
    Trigger_priv = db.Column(db.Enum('N', 'Y'), nullable=False, server_default=db.FetchedValue())
    Create_tablespace_priv = db.Column(db.Enum('N', 'Y'), nullable=False, server_default=db.FetchedValue())
    ssl_type = db.Column(db.Enum('', 'ANY', 'X509', 'SPECIFIED'), nullable=False, server_default=db.FetchedValue())
    ssl_cipher = db.Column(db.LargeBinary, nullable=False)
    x509_issuer = db.Column(db.LargeBinary, nullable=False)
    x509_subject = db.Column(db.LargeBinary, nullable=False)
    max_questions = db.Column(db.Integer, nullable=False, server_default=db.FetchedValue())
    max_updates = db.Column(db.Integer, nullable=False, server_default=db.FetchedValue())
    max_connections = db.Column(db.Integer, nullable=False, server_default=db.FetchedValue())
    max_user_connections = db.Column(db.Integer, nullable=False, server_default=db.FetchedValue())
    plugin = db.Column(db.String(64, 'utf8mb3_bin'), nullable=False, server_default=db.FetchedValue())
    authentication_string = db.Column(db.Text(collation='utf8mb3_bin'))
    password_expired = db.Column(db.Enum('N', 'Y'), nullable=False, server_default=db.FetchedValue())
    password_last_changed = db.Column(db.DateTime)
    password_lifetime = db.Column(db.SmallInteger)
    account_locked = db.Column(db.Enum('N', 'Y'), nullable=False, server_default=db.FetchedValue())
    Create_role_priv = db.Column(db.Enum('N', 'Y'), nullable=False, server_default=db.FetchedValue())
    Drop_role_priv = db.Column(db.Enum('N', 'Y'), nullable=False, server_default=db.FetchedValue())
    Password_reuse_history = db.Column(db.SmallInteger)
    Password_reuse_time = db.Column(db.SmallInteger)
    Password_require_current = db.Column(db.Enum('N', 'Y'))
    User_attributes = db.Column(db.JSON)

写好的model读入数据库。

from app import app, db
if __name__ == '__main__':
    from models import User

    with app.app_context():
        db.create_all()
    # app.run(host="0.0.0.0")

6 MVC优化

• flask_script自定义启动命令
• 多环境配置文件
• flask_debugtoolbar
• 错误拦截器
• 请求拦截器

7 登录和注册功能实现

7.1 猫影前台功能

用户数据表设计



导出建表SQL语句

SET NAMES utf8mb4;
SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS = 0;

-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for user
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `user`;
CREATE TABLE `user`  (
  `id` int(0) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `nickname` varchar(30) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci NOT NULL DEFAULT '' COMMENT '昵称',
  `login_name` varchar(20) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci NOT NULL DEFAULT '' COMMENT '登录用户名',
  `login_pwd` varchar(32) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci NOT NULL DEFAULT '' COMMENT '登录密码',
  `login_salt` varchar(32) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci NOT NULL DEFAULT '' COMMENT '登录密码随机码',
  `status` tinyint(0) NOT NULL DEFAULT 1 COMMENT '状态：0：无效 1：有效',
  `updated_time` datetime(6) NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP(6) ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP(6) COMMENT '最后更新时间',
  `created_time` datetime(6) NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP(6) ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP(6) COMMENT '插入时间',
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`) USING BTREE,
  UNIQUE INDEX `UNIQUE`(`login_name`) USING BTREE
) ENGINE = InnoDB CHARACTER SET = utf8mb4 COLLATE = utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci ROW_FORMAT = Dynamic;

SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS = 1;

7.2 搭建页面

新建member.py文件

from flask import Blueprint, render_template

member_page = Blueprint("member_page", __name__)


@member_page.route("/reg")
def reg():
    return render_template("/member/reg.html")


@member_page.route("/login")
def login():
    return render_template("/member/login.html")

使用bootstrap，此时模板文件为

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
  <head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>模板</title>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/bootstrap/css/bootstrap.min.css">

  </head>
  <body>
    <!-- partial:partials/_sidebar.html -->
    <nav class="navbar navbar-default navbar-inverse" style="border-radius: 0">
      <div class="container-fluid">
        <!-- Brand and toggle get grouped for better mobile display -->
        <div class="navbar-header">
          <button type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#bs-example-navbar-collapse-1" aria-expanded="false">
            <span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span>
            <span class="icon-bar"></span>
            <span class="icon-bar"></span>
            <span class="icon-bar"></span>
          </button>
          <a class="navbar-brand" href="/">猫影</a>
        </div>

        <!-- Collect the nav links, forms, and other content for toggling -->
        <div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="bs-example-navbar-collapse-1">
          <ul class="nav navbar-nav">
            <li class="active"><a href="#">影视 <span class="sr-only">(current)</span></a></li>
          </ul>
          <ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right">
            <li><a href="{{ url_for('member_page.login') }}">登录</a></li>
            <li><a href="{{ url_for('member_page.reg') }}">注册</a></li>
          </ul>
        </div><!-- /.navbar-collapse -->
      </div><!-- /.container-fluid -->
    </nav>
    <div class="container" style="min-height: 600px">
      {% block content %}
      {% endblock %}
    </div>
    <footer class="text-center">
      day3 @2022
    </footer>
    <script src="/static/bootstrap/js/jquery-2.0.3.js"></script>
    <script src="/static/bootstrap/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
  </body>
</html>

注册界面

{% extends "common/base.html" %}
{% block content %}
    <div class="row" style="margin-top: 50px">
        <div class="col-lg-6 col-lg-offset-3">
            <div class="panel panel-default">
                <div class="panel-heading">用户注册</div>
                <div class="panel-body">
                    <form class="form-horizontal">
                        <div class="form-group">
                            <label for="login_name" class="col-sm-2 control-label">用户名</label>
                            <div class="col-sm-10">
                                <input type="text" class="form-control" id="login_name" placeholder="请输入用户名">
                            </div>
                        </div>
                        <div class="form-group">
                            <label for="login_email" class="col-sm-2 control-label">邮箱</label>
                            <div class="col-sm-10">
                                <input type="text" class="form-control" id="login_email" placeholder="请输入邮箱">
                            </div>
                        </div>
                        <div class="form-group">
                            <label for="login_pw1" class="col-sm-2 control-label">密码</label>
                            <div class="col-sm-10">
                                <input type="password" class="form-control" id="login_pw1" placeholder="请输入密码">
                            </div>
                        </div>
                        <div class="form-group">
                            <label for="login_pw2" class="col-sm-2 control-label">确认密码</label>
                            <div class="col-sm-10">
                                <input type="password" class="form-control" id="login_pw2" placeholder="请再次输入密码">
                            </div>
                        </div>
                        <div class="form-group">
                            <label for="yanzheng" class="col-sm-2 control-label">验证码</label>
                            <div class="col-sm-10">
                                <div class="input-group">
                                <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="请输入验证码">
                                <span class="input-group-btn">
                                    <button class="btn btn-default" type="button" id="yanzheng">获取验证码</button>
                                </span>
                            </div><!-- /input-group -->
                            </div>

                        </div>
                        <div class="form-group">
                            <div class="col-sm-offset-3 col-sm-6">
                                <button type="submit" class="btn btn-success btn-block">确认</button>
                            </div>
                        </div>

                    </form>
                </div>
            </div>

        </div>
    </div>
{% endblock %}

登录界面

{% extends "common/base.html" %}
{% block content %}
    <div class="row" style="margin-top: 50px">
        <div class="col-lg-6 col-lg-offset-3">
            <div class="panel panel-default">
                <div class="panel-heading">用户登录</div>
                <div class="panel-body">
                    <form class="form-horizontal">
                        <div class="form-group">
                            <label for="login_name" class="col-sm-2 control-label">用户名</label>
                            <div class="col-sm-10">
                                <input type="email" class="form-control" id="login_name" placeholder="请输入用户名">
                            </div>
                        </div>
                        <div class="form-group">
                            <label for="login_pwd" class="col-sm-2 control-label">密码</label>
                            <div class="col-sm-10">
                                <input type="password" class="form-control" id="login_pwd" placeholder="请输入密码">
                            </div>
                        </div>
                        <div class="form-group">
                            <div class="col-sm-offset-3 col-sm-6">
                                <button type="submit" class="btn btn-success btn-block">登录</button>
                            </div>
                        </div>
                    </form>
                </div>
            </div>

        </div>
    </div>
{% endblock %}

7.3 注册功能实现

模板函数

from app import app


class UrlManager(object):
    @staticmethod
    def buildUrl(path):
        config_domain = app.config['DOMAIN']
        return "%s%s"%(config_domain['www'], path)

    @staticmethod
    def buildStaticUrl(path):
        path = "/static" + path
        return UrlManager.buildUrl(path)

发送邮箱验证码
register.js

function bindEmailCaptchaClick(){
  $("#yanzheng").click(function (event){
    // $this：代表的是当前按钮的jquery对象
    var $this = $(this);
    // 阻止默认的事件
    event.preventDefault();

    var email = $("#login_email").val();
    $.ajax({
      // http://127.0.0.1:500
      // /auth/captcha/email?email=[e-mail]
      url: "/member/captcha/email?email="+email,
      method: "GET",
      success: function (result){
        var code = result['code'];
        if(code == 200){
          var countdown = 5;
          // 开始倒计时之前，就取消按钮的点击事件
          $this.off("click");
          var timer = setInterval(function (){
            $this.text(countdown);
            countdown -= 1;
            // 倒计时结束的时候执行
            if(countdown <= 0){
              // 清掉定时器
              clearInterval(timer);
              // 将按钮的文字重新修改回来
              $this.text("获取验证码");
              // 重新绑定点击事件
              bindEmailCaptchaClick();
            }
          }, 1000);
          // alert("邮箱验证码发送成功！");
        }else{
          alert(result['message']);
        }
      },
      fail: function (){
        console.log("获取验证码失败");
      }
    })
  });
}


// 整个网页都加载完毕后再执行的
$(function (){
  bindEmailCaptchaClick();
});

路由

@member_page.route("/captcha/email")
def get_email_captcha():
    # /captcha/email/<email>
    # /captcha/email?email=[e-mail]
    email = request.args.get("email")
    # 4/6：随机数组、字母、数组和字母的组合
    source = string.digits*6
    captcha = random.sample(source, 6)
    captcha = "".join(captcha)
    # I/O：Input/Output
    message = Message(subject="注册验证码", recipients=[email], body=f"您的验证码是:{captcha}")
    mail.send(message)
    # memcached/redis
    # 用数据库表的方式存储
    if len(EmailCaptcha.query.filter(EmailCaptcha.email == email).all()) != 0:
        EmailCaptcha.query.filter(EmailCaptcha.email == email).delete()
        db.session.commit()
    email_captcha = EmailCaptcha(email=email, captcha=captcha)
    db.session.add(email_captcha)
    db.session.commit()
    # RESTful API
    # {code: 200/400/500, message: "", data: {}}
    return jsonify({"code": 200, "message": "出现错误，请重试！", "data": None})

@member_page.route("/login", methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def login():
    if request.method == 'GET':
        return render_template("/member/login.html")
    else:
        form = LoginForm(request.form)
        if form.validate():
            email = form.email.data
            password = form.password.data
            user = User.query.filter_by(login_name=email).first()
            if not user:
                print("邮箱在数据库中不存在！")
                return render_template("/member/login.html")
            else:
                if check_password_hash(user.login_pwd, password):
                    # cookie：
                    # cookie中不适合存储太多的数据，只适合存储少量的数据
                    # cookie一般用来存放登录授权的东西
                    # flask中的session，是经过加密后存储在cookie中的
                    session['user_id'] = user.id
                    return render_template("/index.html")
                else:
                    print("密码错误！")
                    return render_template("/member/login.html")
        else:
            print(form.errors)
            return render_template("/member/login.html")

表单验证。

import wtforms
from wtforms.validators import Email, Length, EqualTo, InputRequired
from user import EmailCaptcha, User
from exts import db


# Form：主要就是用来验证前端提交的数据是否符合要求
class RegisterForm(wtforms.Form):
    email = wtforms.StringField(validators=[Email(message="邮箱格式错误！")])
    captcha = wtforms.StringField(validators=[Length(min=6, max=6, message="验证码格式错误！")])
    username = wtforms.StringField(validators=[Length(min=3, max=20, message="用户名格式错误！")])
    password = wtforms.StringField(validators=[Length(min=6, max=20, message="密码格式错误！")])
    password_confirm = wtforms.StringField(validators=[EqualTo("password", message="两次密码不一致！")])

    # 自定义验证：
    # 1. 邮箱是否已经被注册
    def validate_email(self, field):
        email = field.data
        user = User.query.filter_by(login_name=email).first()
        if user:
            raise wtforms.ValidationError(message="该邮箱已经被注册！")

    # 2. 验证码是否正确
    def validate_captcha(self, field):
        captcha = field.data
        email = self.email.data
        captcha_model = EmailCaptcha.query.filter_by(email=email, captcha=captcha).first()
        if not captcha_model:
            raise wtforms.ValidationError(message="邮箱或验证码错误！")
        else:
            # todo：可以删掉captcha_model
            db.session.delete(captcha_model)
            db.session.commit()


class LoginForm(wtforms.Form):
    email = wtforms.StringField(validators=[Email(message="邮箱格式错误！")])
    password = wtforms.StringField(validators=[Length(min=6, max=20, message="密码格式错误！")])
#
#
# class QuestionForm(wtforms.Form):
#     title = wtforms.StringField(validators=[Length(min=3, max=100, message="标题格式错误！")])
#     content = wtforms.StringField(validators=[Length(min=3,message="内容格式错误！")])
#
#
# class AnswerForm(wtforms.Form):
#     content = wtforms.StringField(validators=[Length(min=3, message="内容格式错误！")])
#     question_id = wtforms.IntegerField(validators=[InputRequired(message="必须要传入问题id！")])

8 获取影视资源

apscheduler
测试apscheduler功能。

from apscheduler.schedulers.blocking import BlockingScheduler
import datetime


def aps_test():
    print(datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"))

scheduler = BlockingScheduler()
scheduler.add_job(func=aps_test,trigger="cron",second="*/5")
scheduler.start()

Flask-APScheduler
可以查看一下此时的app.py和manger.py。

from app import app, db, scheduler


def main():
    app.run(host="0.0.0.0", use_reloader=True)  # 改为False可以只打印一遍


def create_all():
    from user import User
    with app.app_context():
        db.create_all()


def aps_test():
    import datetime
    print(datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"))

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.apscheduler.add_job(func=aps_test, trigger="cron", second="*/5", id="aps_test")
    scheduler.start()
    # create_all()
    try:
        import sys
        sys.exit(main())
    except Exception as e:
        import  traceback
        traceback.print_exc()

from flask import Flask, session, g
from controller.index import index_page
from controller.member import member_page
from flask_apscheduler import APScheduler
import configs
from user import User
from exts import db, mail

# 初始化实例
app = Flask(__name__)
# 加载配置文件
app.config.from_object(configs)
# 增加session会话保护(任意字符串,用来对session进行加密)
app.secret_key = "day3"

# 调度
scheduler = APScheduler()
scheduler.init_app(app)

# db绑定app
db.init_app(app)
mail.init_app(app)
# 注册蓝图
app.register_blueprint(index_page, url_prefix="/")
app.register_blueprint(member_page, url_prefix="/member")

'''
模板函数
'''

from libs import UrlManager

app.add_template_global(UrlManager.buildUrl, 'buildUrl')
app.add_template_global(UrlManager.buildStaticUrl, 'buildStaticUrl')


@app.before_request
def my_before_request():
    user_id = session.get("user_id")
    if user_id:
        user = User.query.get(user_id)
        setattr(g, "user", user)
    else:
        setattr(g, "user", None)


@app.context_processor
def my_context_processor():
    return {"user": g.user}


@app.errorhandler(404)
def error_404(e):
    return "404 not found"

8.1 影视表设计

下载爬虫相关库。

pip install --upgrade beautifulsoup4
pip install requests
pip install xlwt

需要注意

使用Navicat进行数据库的导入。

flask-sqlacodegen ‘mysql+mysqldb://root:root@127.0.0.1:3306/moviecat?charset=utf8’ --table movie --outfile “user1.py” --flask

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import sys
import re  # 正则表达式，进行文字匹配
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup  # (网页解析，获取数据)
import urllib.request, urllib.error  # 制定URL，获取网页数据，urllib.request urllib.error
import xlwt  # 进行Excel操作
import sqlite3  # 进行sqlite数据库操作
def main():
    baseurl = "https://movie.douban.com/top250?start="
    datalist = getdata(baseurl)
    # savepath = "豆瓣电影top250.xls"
    dbpath = "movie.db"
    saveData2DB(datalist, dbpath)


findlink = re.compile(r'<a href="(.*?)">')  # 找链接
findImgSrc = re.compile(r'<img.*src="(.*?)"', re.S)  # 图片
findTitle = re.compile(r'<span class="title">(.*)</span>')  # 片名
findRating = re.compile(r'<span class="rating_num" property="v:average">(.*)</span>')  # 评分
findJudge = re.compile(r'<span>(\d*)人评价</span>')  # 评价人数
findInq = re.compile(r'<span class="inq">(.*)</span>')  # 概况
findBd = re.compile(r'<p class="">(.*?)</p>', re.S)  # 简介

# 爬取网页
def getdata(baseurl):
    datalist = []
    for i in range(0, 10):
        url = baseurl + str(i * 25)
        html = askURL(url)
        # 逐一解析数据
        soup = BeautifulSoup(html, "html.parser")
        for item in soup.find_all('div', class_="item"):

            # print(item)   测试：查看电影item所有信息
            data = []  # 保存信息
            item = str(item)
            link = re.findall(findlink, item)[0]
            # print(link)#影片链接
            data.append(link)  # 添加影片链接
            imgSrc = re.findall(findImgSrc, item)[0]
            data.append(imgSrc)  # 添加图片
            titles = re.findall(findTitle, item)
            if (len(titles) == 2):
                ctitle = titles[0]  # 添加中国名
                data.append(ctitle)
                otitle = titles[1].replace("/", "")  # 去掉无关符号
                data.append(otitle)  # 添加外国名
            else:
                data.append(titles[0])
                data.append(' ')  # 留空
            rating = re.findall(findRating, item)[0]
            data.append(rating)  # 分数

            judgenum = re.findall(findJudge, item)[0]
            data.append(judgenum)  # 评价人数

            inq = re.findall(findInq, item)  # 概述
            if len(inq) != 0:
                inq = inq[0].replace("。", "")  # 去掉句号
                data.append(inq)
            else:
                data.append(" ")
            bd = re.findall(findBd, item)[0]
            bd = re.sub('<br(\s+)?/>(\s+)?', " ", bd)
            bd = re.sub('/', " ", bd)
            data.append(bd.strip())  # 去掉空格
            datalist.append(data)  # 将所有信息放入datalist
    return datalist


def askURL(url):
    head = {
        "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/92.0.4515.159 Safari/537.36 Edg/92.0.902.78"}
    request = urllib.request.Request(url, headers=head)  # 封装
    html = ""
    try:
        response = urllib.request.urlopen(request)
        html = response.read().decode('utf-8', errors='ignore')
        # print(html)
    except urllib.error.URLError as e:

        if hasattr(e, "code"):
            print(e, code)
        if hasattr(e, "reason"):
            print(e, reason)
    return html


# 保存数据
def savedata(datalist, savepath):
    print("save....")
    book = xlwt.Workbook(encoding="utf-8", style_compression=0)  # 创建workbook对象
    sheet = book.add_sheet("豆瓣电影top250", cell_overwrite_ok=True)  # 创建工作表
    col = ("电影链接", "图片链接", "中文名", "外国名", "评分", "评价人数", "概况", "相关信息")
    for i in range(0, 8):
        sheet.write(0, i, col[i])

    for i in range(0, 250):
        print("第%d条" % (i + 1))
        data = datalist[i]
        for j in range(0, 8):
            sheet.write(i + 1, j, data[j])

    book.save(savepath)


def saveData2DB(datalist, dbpath):
    print("loading.................")
    init_db(dbpath)
    conn = sqlite3.connect(dbpath)
    cur = conn.cursor()
    for data in datalist:
        for index in range(len(data)):
            if index == 4 or index == 5:
                continue
            data[index] = '"' + data[index] + '"'
        sql = '''
                insert into movie250_2(
                info_link,pic_link,cname,ename,score,rated,instroduction,info)
                values(%s)''' % ",".join(data)
        print(sql)
        cur.execute(sql)

        conn.commit()

    cur.close()

    conn.close()

    print("已完成数据库操作")


def init_db(dbpath):
    sql = '''
        create table movie250_2
        (
        id integer primary key autoincrement,
        info_link text,
        pic_link text,
        cname varchar,
        ename varchar,
        score numeric,
        rated numeric,
        instroduction text,
        info,text
        )
    '''
    conn = sqlite3.connect(dbpath)
    cursor = conn.cursor()
    cursor.execute(sql)
    conn.commit()
    conn.close()

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

print("爬取完毕！")

8.2 前端展示

index.html

{% extends "common/base.html" %}
{% block head2 %}
<ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right">
  <li class="dropdown">
    <a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-haspopup="true"
      aria-expanded="false">用户<span class="caret"></span></a>
    <ul class="dropdown-menu">
      <li><a href="#">{{ user.nickname }}</a></li>
      <li><a href="{{ url_for('member_page.logout') }}">退出登录</a></li>
    </ul>
  </li>
</ul>
{% endblock %}
{% block content %}
<div class="row">
  {% if data %}
  {% for item in data %}
  <div class="col-md-2">
    <div class="thumbnail">
      <img style="width: 100%;height: 250px" src="{{ item.pic_link | safe}}">
      <div class="caption">
        <a href="{{ item.info_link }}" style="overflow: hidden;text-overflow: ellipsis;display: -webkit-box;-webkit-box-orient: vertical;-webkit-line-clamp: 1">{{ item.cname | safe}}</a>
        <p>豆瓣评分：{{ item.score | safe }}</p>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
  {% endfor %}
  {% endif %}
</div>
<div class="row">
  <div class="col-md-12">
    <span class="pagination_page" style="line-height: 84px">共有{{ pages.total_pages }}页 | 每页{{ pages.page_size }}条</span>
    <ul class="pagination pull-right">
      {% if pages.is_prev == 1 %}
      <li>
        <a href="/?p={{ pages.current - 1 }}" aria-label="Previous">
          <span aria-hidden="true">上一页;</span>
        </a>
      </li>
      {% endif %}
      {% for idx in  pages.range%}
      <li {% if pages.current == idx %}class="active"{% endif %}><a href="/?p={{ idx }}">{{ idx }}</a></li>
      {% endfor %}
      {% if pages.is_next == 1 %}
      <li>
        <a href="/?p={{ pages.current + 1 }}" aria-label="Previous">
          <span aria-hidden="true">下一页</span>
        </a>
      </li>
      {% endif %}
    </ul>
  </div>
</div>
{% endblock %}

index.py

from flask import Blueprint, render_template, g, redirect, url_for, request
from user import Movie
import math

index_page = Blueprint("index_page", __name__)


@index_page.route("/")
def index():
    if g.user:
        req = request.values
        page = 1
        if 'p' in req and req['p']:
            page = int(req['p'])

        query = Movie.query

        page_size = 30
        total_count = query.count()
        total_pages = math.ceil(total_count / page_size)
        total_pages = total_pages if total_pages > 0 else 1

        is_prev = 0 if page <= 1 else 1
        is_next = 0 if page >= total_pages else 1

        pages = {
            'page_size':page_size,
            'total_count':total_count,
            'total_pages':total_pages,
            'range':range(1,total_pages+1),
            'is_prev':is_prev,
            'is_next':is_next,
            'current':page
        }

        offset = (page - 1) * pages['page_size']
        limit = page * pages['page_size']
        list_movie = query[offset:limit]
        return render_template("/index.html", data=list_movie, pages=pages)
    else:
        return redirect(url_for("member_page.login"))


@index_page.route("info")
def info():
    req = request.values
    return render_template("info.html")

9 部署

nginx+uwsgi+flask
使用如下命令进行启动。

uwsgi --http-socket :5000 --wsgi-file manger.py --callable app

还可以加进程和线程数提高并发能力

uwsgi --http-socket :5000 --wsgi-file manger.py --callable app --processes 4 --threads 2

写配置文件

[uwsgi]
chdir=/home/WF/ubuntuFlask/moviecat
http=0.0.0.0:5000
socket=/tmp/logs/movie.sock
module=manger
callable=app
master=true
processes=4
pidfile=/tmp/logs/movie.pid
daemonize=/tmp/logs/movie.log

启动

uwsgi --ini uwsgi.ini

关闭

uwsgi --stop uwsgi.ini

重启

uwsgi --reload uwsgi.ini

下载ngnix
https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_42973884/article/details/126251718

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install nginx
ngnix # 启动
service nginx stop # 停止
service nginx reload # 重启

https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_39759781/article/details/118303445

cd /etc/nginx

半夜三点了还没配好，我真的是服了，留个坑后面补。