十、实战项目(二):
3.项目实操:
ERC20 代币实战
①转账篇
总发行量函数
totalSupply() return(uint256)
·回传代币的发行总量
·使用状态变量uint256_totalSupply来储存
账户余额查询函数
Balance0f(address) returns(uint256)
·给定一个账户(address),回传该账户拥有的代币余额(uint256)
·使用mapping来储存:
·mapping(address => uint256) _balance;
转账函数
Transfer(address,uint256) returns(bool);
·呼叫者“msg.sender”,转移“amount”数量的代币给特定账户“to”
·成功时回传true,反之,回传false
·有些检查需要做:
·amount是否超过余额
·是否转移给address 0x0代表销毁的意思
转账事件
event Transfer(
address indexed from,
address indexed to,
uint256 value,
);
·当发生代币转移时,必须触发此事件,即使转移的数量为“0”也是
②授权篇
授权余额查询函数
allowance(address owner,address spender) returns(uint256);
·给定两个账户(address),回传“owner”授权给“spender”的额度(uint256)
·使用mapping来储存:
·mapping(address =>
·mapping(address => uint256) _allowance;
注:mapping查询节省燃料
授权函数
approve(address spender,uint256 amount) returns(bool);
·呼叫者“msg.sender”,授权“amount”数量的代币额度给第三方账户“spender”
·成功时回传true,反之,回传false
授权事件
event Approval(
address indexed owner,
address indexed spender,
uint256 value,
);
·当授权额度时,必须触发此事件,即使数量为“0”也要触发
③花别人的钱
从第三方账户转账的函数
transferFrom(address from,address to,uint256 amount);
·呼叫者(msg.sender)从代币持有者(from)转账给接收者(to)“amount”数量的代币
·其中:
·需检查呼叫者是否拥有足够的额度可用
·转账时要检查持有者是否足够的余额
·转账时需要同时减少额度
4.补充概念:
ERC20代币实战
元资料(metadata)
铸造(mint)与销毁(burn)篇
ERC20 Meta接口
Interface IERCMetadata{……}
interface IERC20Metadata{
function name() public view returns(string memory);
function symbol() public view returns(string memory);
function decimals() public view returns(uint8);
}
代币名称
function name() public view returns(string memory);
·回传一个字符,代表这个代币的名称
·储存是以string来保存
·通常在constructor的时候就给定
代币的简称/缩写/象征
function symbol() public view returns(string memory);
·回传一个字符串,代表这个代币的简称
·Ethereum(name)→ETH(symbol)
·Apple(name)→AAPL(symbol)
·储存时以string来保存
·通常在constructor的时候就给定
代币小数点位置
function decimals() public view returns(uint8);
·回传一个uint8,代表这个代币的小数点位置
·这个函数只用来显示用
·decimals=3,则balance=1234,在显示为1.234
·基本上代币都会把decimals设定为18
·这是因为最开始就是设计的18,后来因为人类天性,能抄就抄
·1ether=1018wei
·1token=1018uint => decimals=18
ERC20辅助函数
铸造(mint)与销毁(burn)
interface IERC20{
function mint(address account,uin256 amount);
function burn(address account,uint256 amount);
}
铸造新代币
function mint(address account,uint256 amount);
·铸造,即“无中生有”
·只有合约拥有者或者特殊权限的人才能呼叫
·他同时也是一种转账,由address 0x0转到目标账号(account)
·由于是转账,因此也要触发“Transfer”事件
销毁代币
function burn(address account,uint256 account);
·销毁,即“回归虚无”
·可以根据使用情况决定谁可以呼叫
·若只有合约拥有者可以呼叫,则通常会有account参数,用来销毁特定人的代币
·若任何人都可以呼叫,则不会有account参数,用来销毁特定人的代币
·若任何人都可以呼叫,则不会有account参数,主要目的是请求呼叫者(msg.sender)销毁自己的代币同时也是一种转账,由account/msg.sender转到address 0x0
·由于是转账,因此也要触发“Transfer”事件
Example:示例代码
//SPDX-License-Identifier:MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.17;
interface IERC20 {
event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 value);
event Approval(address indexed owner,address indexed spender, uint256 value);
function totalSupply() external view returns (uint256);
function balance0f(address account) external view returns (uint256);
function allowance(address owner,address spender) external view returns (uint256);
function approve(address spender, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);
function transfer(address to, uint amount) external returns (bool);
function trnasferFrom(address from, address to, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);
}
contract ERC20 is IERC20 {
uint _totalSupply;//定义一个数
mapping(address => uint256) _balance;//定义了一个账号
mapping(address => mapping(address => uint256)) _allowance;
//查询授权额度
function allowance(address owner, address spender) public view returns (uint256) {
return _allowance[owner][spender];//返回自己和第三方
}
function _approve(address owner, address spender, uint256 amount) internal {
_allowance[owner][spender] = amount;
emit Approval(owner, spender, amount);
}
//授权
function approve(address spender, uint256 amount) public returns (bool) {
_approve(msg.sender, spender, amount);
return true;
}
//发行代币,启动最初代币
constructor () {
_balance[msg.sender] = 10000;
_totalSupply = 10000;
}
function totalSupply() public view returns (uint256) {
//回传总发行量
return _totalSupply;
}
function balance0f(address account) public view returns (uint256) {
//回传查询余额
return _balance[account];
}
function _transfer(address from, address to, uint256 amount) internal {
uint256 myBalance = _balance[from];
require(myBalance >= amount,"No money to transfer!");//已经没钱转账了
require(to != address(0),"Transfer to address 0");//不准转账到地址0
_balance[from] = myBalance - amount;//我的账户总额计算
_balance[to] = _balance[to] + amount;//你的账户怎么计算
emit Transfer(from, to, amount);
}
//实现转账功能
function transfer(address to, uint256 amount) public returns (bool) {
_transfer(msg.sender, to , amount);
return true;
}
//检查额度花人家的钱
function trnasferFrom(address from, address to, uint256 amount) external returns (bool) {
uint256 myAllowance = _allowance[from] [msg.sender];
require(myAllowance >= amount,"ERROR:myAllowance < amount"); //我们允许的额度是否小于了他花的额度
_approve(from, msg.sender, myAllowance - amount);//花去以后是否允许的额度有减少
_transfer(from, to, amount);
//检查花销是否从原来账户转移到被授权者账户
return true;
}
}