47-Docker-Dockerfile镜像创建自动化生产案例

时间：2023-01-09 22:56:45

基于容器手动制作镜像步骤具体如下:

  1. 下载一个系统的官方基础镜像，如: CentOS 或 Ubuntu
  2. 基于基础镜像启动一个容器,并进入到容器
  3. 在容器里面做配置操作
    安装基础命令
    配置运行环境
    安装服务和配置服务
    放业务程序代码
  4. 提交为一个新镜像 docker commit
  5. 基于自己的的镜像创建容器并测试访问

注意：手动制作镜像的方式显示全部的容器制作过程比较困难，且需要前台执行方式添加命令不支持自动化，生产不实用

作为帮助理解镜像的制作过程就比较容易理解

案例：利用官方提供的基础镜像制作一个初始化镜像并提交到docker官方，再从官方拉取镜像到本地

#下载一个系统的官方基础镜像
[root@ubuntu2204 ~]#docker pull alpine
[root@ubuntu2204 ~]#docker images
REPOSITORY    TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED         SIZE
alpine        latest    49176f190c7e   6 weeks ago     7.05MB
#基于基础镜像启动一个容器,并进入到容器
[root@ubuntu2204 ~]#docker run -it --name alpine-image-latest  alpine:latest sh
#在容器里面做配置操作 - 把容器的镜像源替换成国内地址
[root@ubuntu2204 ~]#docker cp alpine-image-latest:/etc/apk/repositories .
[root@ubuntu2204 ~]#cat repositories 
https://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/v3.17/main
https://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/v3.17/community
[root@ubuntu2204 ~]#sed -i 's/dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/' repositories 
[root@ubuntu2204 ~]#cat repositories 
https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/alpine/v3.17/main
https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/alpine/v3.17/community
[root@ubuntu2204 ~]#docker cp repositories  alpine-image-latest:/etc/apk/repositories 
[root@ubuntu2204 ~]#docker exec -it alpine-image-latest  sh
/ # cat /etc/apk/repositories 
https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/alpine/v3.17/main
https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/alpine/v3.17/community
#安装常用软件
/ # apk update && apk --no-cache add iotop gcc libgcc libc-dev libcurl libc-utils
pcre-dev zlib-dev libnfs make pcre pcre2 zip unzip net-tools pstree wget tzdata
libevent libevent-dev iproute2 vim
/ # apk exit
#基于现有容器提交为一个新镜像 docker commit
[root@ubuntu2204 ~]#docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE           COMMAND   CREATED         STATUS                          PORTS     NAMES
027d1de130f0   alpine:latest   "sh"      8 minutes ago   Exited (0) About a minute ago             alpine-image-latest
[root@ubuntu2204 ~]#docker commit
"docker commit" requires at least 1 and at most 2 arguments.
See 'docker commit --help'.

Usage:  docker commit [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [REPOSITORY[:TAG]]

Create a new image from a container's changes
[root@ubuntu2204 ~]#docker commit alpine-image-latest alpine-mooreyxia:latest
sha256:c837f55017976cf25c4a8b257967019eccba0d8ac67e284242434f1ac668a44c
[root@ubuntu2204 ~]#docker images
REPOSITORY         TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED         SIZE
alpine-mooreyxia   latest    c837f5501797   6 seconds ago   221MB
alpine             latest    49176f190c7e   6 weeks ago     7.05MB

#上传到hub镜像官网
[root@ubuntu2204 ~]#docker tag alpine-mooreyxia:latest mooreyxia/alpine-mooreyxia-20230107:latest
[root@ubuntu2204 ~]#docker images
REPOSITORY                            TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED          SIZE
alpine-mooreyxia                      latest    c837f5501797   36 minutes ago   221MB
mooreyxia/alpine-mooreyxia-20230107   latest    c837f5501797   36 minutes ago   221MB
busybox                               latest    827365c7baf1   2 weeks ago      4.86MB
nginx                                 latest    1403e55ab369   2 weeks ago      142MB
ubuntu                                latest    6b7dfa7e8fdb   4 weeks ago      77.8MB
alpine                                latest    49176f190c7e   6 weeks ago      7.05MB
hello-world                           latest    feb5d9fea6a5   15 months ago    13.3kB
mysql                                 5.7.32    cc8775c0fe94   24 months ago    449MB
[root@ubuntu2204 ~]#docker login
Login with your Docker ID to push and pull images from Docker Hub. If you don't have a Docker ID, head over to https://hub.docker.com to create one.
Username: mooreyxia
Password: 
WARNING! Your password will be stored unencrypted in /root/.docker/config.json.
Configure a credential helper to remove this warning. See
https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/login/#credentials-store

Login Succeeded
[root@ubuntu2204 ~]#docker push mooreyxia/alpine-mooreyxia-20230107:latest
The push refers to repository [docker.io/mooreyxia/alpine-mooreyxia-20230107]
8d5f0fc33c4a: Pushed 
ded7a220bb05: Mounted from library/alpine 
latest: digest: sha256:4e87307a2a9e831d181c5a42b2660e5dce1d0d2e3d0916f6b649b1cef1cdc477 size: 740

47-Docker-Dockerfile镜像创建自动化生产案例


#在另外一台机子上拉取镜像，默认是公开镜像，可以直接使用
[root@ubuntu2204 ~]#docker pull mooreyxia/alpine-mooreyxia-20230107:latest
latest: Pulling from mooreyxia/alpine-mooreyxia-20230107
c158987b0551: Pull complete 
e2cd06421e04: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:4e87307a2a9e831d181c5a42b2660e5dce1d0d2e3d0916f6b649b1cef1cdc477
Status: Downloaded newer image for mooreyxia/alpine-mooreyxia-20230107:latest
docker.io/mooreyxia/alpine-mooreyxia-20230107:latest
[root@ubuntu2204 ~]#docker images
REPOSITORY                            TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED                  SIZE
mooreyxia/alpine-mooreyxia-20230107   latest    c837f5501797   Less than a second ago   221MB
#测试
[root@ubuntu2204 ~]#docker run -d --name alpine-test1 mooreyxia/alpine-mooreyxia-20230107 sleep 1000
b5328aa1a2e76e09ed1628a2e9763a716837a0285ae01a2cff322cbddc57da99
[root@ubuntu2204 ~]#docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE                                 COMMAND        CREATED         STATUS         PORTS     NAMES
b5328aa1a2e7   mooreyxia/alpine-mooreyxia-20230107   "sleep 1000"   4 seconds ago   Up 2 seconds             alpine-test1
[root@ubuntu2204 ~]#docker exec -it alpine-test1 sh
/ # ss -ntlp
State               Recv-Q               Send-Q                             Local Address:Port                               Peer Address:Port               Process               
/ # exit

利用 DockerFile 文件执行 docker build 自动构建镜像

47-Docker-Dockerfile镜像创建自动化生产案例

Dockerfile 介绍

  • Docker程序读取DockerFile并根据指令生成Docker镜像，相比手动制作镜像的方式，DockerFile更能直观的展示镜像是怎么产生的，有了DockerFile，当后期有额外的需求时，只要在之前的DockerFile添加或者修改响应的命令即可重新生成新的Docker镜像，避免了重复手动制作镜像的麻烦,类似与shell脚本一样,可以方便高效的制作镜像
  • Docker将尽可能重用中间镜像层（缓存），以显著加速docker build 命令的执行过程，这由Usingcache 控制台输出中的消息指示

案例：

#查看nginx官方的镜像指令执行结果
[root@ubuntu2204 ~]#docker pull nginx:1.22.0
1.22.0: Pulling from library/nginx
bd159e379b3b: Pull complete 
265da2307f4a: Pull complete 
9f5a323076dc: Pull complete 
1cb127bd9321: Pull complete 
20d83d630f2b: Pull complete 
e0c68760750a: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:f0d28f2047853cbc10732d6eaa1b57f1f4db9b017679b9fd7966b6a2f9ccc2d1
Status: Downloaded newer image for nginx:1.22.0
docker.io/library/nginx:1.22.0
#可以看到镜像指令从下往上一层层执行
[root@ubuntu2204 ~]#docker history nginx:1.22.0
IMAGE          CREATED        CREATED BY                                      SIZE      COMMENT
08a1cbf9c69e   3 months ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop)  CMD ["nginx" "-g" "daemon…   0B        
<missing>      3 months ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop)  STOPSIGNAL SIGQUIT           0B        
<missing>      3 months ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop)  EXPOSE 80                    0B        
<missing>      3 months ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop)  ENTRYPOINT ["/docker-entr…   0B        
<missing>      3 months ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop) COPY file:09a214a3e07c919a…   4.61kB    
<missing>      3 months ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop) COPY file:0fd5fca330dcd6a7…   1.04kB    
<missing>      3 months ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop) COPY file:0b866ff3fc1ef5b0…   1.96kB    
<missing>      3 months ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop) COPY file:65504f71f5855ca0…   1.2kB     
<missing>      3 months ago   /bin/sh -c set -x     && addgroup --system -…   61.1MB    
<missing>      3 months ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop)  ENV PKG_RELEASE=1~bullseye   0B        
<missing>      3 months ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop)  ENV NJS_VERSION=0.7.6        0B        
<missing>      3 months ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop)  ENV NGINX_VERSION=1.22.0     0B        
<missing>      3 months ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop)  LABEL maintainer=NGINX Do…   0B        
<missing>      3 months ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop)  CMD ["bash"]                 0B        
<missing>      3 months ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop) ADD file:b78b777208be08edd…   80.5MB

官方的 Docker file 脚本

https://github.com/nginxinc/docker-nginx/blob/fef51235521d1cdf8b05d8cb1378a526d2abf421/stable/debian/Dockerfile

#
# NOTE: THIS DOCKERFILE IS GENERATED VIA "update.sh"
#
# PLEASE DO NOT EDIT IT DIRECTLY.
#
FROM debian:bullseye-slim

LABEL maintainer="NGINX Docker Maintainers <docker-maint@nginx.com>"

ENV NGINX_VERSION   1.22.1
ENV NJS_VERSION     0.7.7
ENV PKG_RELEASE     1~bullseye

RUN set -x \
# create nginx user/group first, to be consistent throughout docker variants
    && addgroup --system --gid 101 nginx \
    && adduser --system --disabled-login --ingroup nginx --no-create-home --home /nonexistent --gecos "nginx user" --shell /bin/false --uid 101 nginx \
    && apt-get update \
    && apt-get install --no-install-recommends --no-install-suggests -y gnupg1 ca-certificates \
    && \
    NGINX_GPGKEY=573BFD6B3D8FBC641079A6ABABF5BD827BD9BF62; \
    found=''; \
    for server in \
        hkp://keyserver.ubuntu.com:80 \
        pgp.mit.edu \
    ; do \
        echo "Fetching GPG key $NGINX_GPGKEY from $server"; \
        apt-key adv --keyserver "$server" --keyserver-options timeout=10 --recv-keys "$NGINX_GPGKEY" && found=yes && break; \
    done; \
    test -z "$found" && echo >&2 "error: failed to fetch GPG key $NGINX_GPGKEY" && exit 1; \
    apt-get remove --purge --auto-remove -y gnupg1 && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/* \
    && dpkgArch="$(dpkg --print-architecture)" \
    && nginxPackages=" \
        nginx=${NGINX_VERSION}-${PKG_RELEASE} \
        nginx-module-xslt=${NGINX_VERSION}-${PKG_RELEASE} \
        nginx-module-geoip=${NGINX_VERSION}-${PKG_RELEASE} \
        nginx-module-image-filter=${NGINX_VERSION}-${PKG_RELEASE} \
        nginx-module-njs=${NGINX_VERSION}+${NJS_VERSION}-${PKG_RELEASE} \
    " \
    && case "$dpkgArch" in \
        amd64|arm64) \
# arches officialy built by upstream
            echo "deb https://nginx.org/packages/debian/ bullseye nginx" >> /etc/apt/sources.list.d/nginx.list \
            && apt-get update \
            ;; \
        *) \
# we're on an architecture upstream doesn't officially build for
# let's build binaries from the published source packages
            echo "deb-src https://nginx.org/packages/debian/ bullseye nginx" >> /etc/apt/sources.list.d/nginx.list \
            \
# new directory for storing sources and .deb files
            && tempDir="$(mktemp -d)" \
            && chmod 777 "$tempDir" \
# (777 to ensure APT's "_apt" user can access it too)
            \
# save list of currently-installed packages so build dependencies can be cleanly removed later
            && savedAptMark="$(apt-mark showmanual)" \
            \
# build .deb files from upstream's source packages (which are verified by apt-get)
            && apt-get update \
            && apt-get build-dep -y $nginxPackages \
            && ( \
                cd "$tempDir" \
                && DEB_BUILD_OPTIONS="nocheck parallel=$(nproc)" \
                    apt-get source --compile $nginxPackages \
            ) \
# we don't remove APT lists here because they get re-downloaded and removed later
            \
# reset apt-mark's "manual" list so that "purge --auto-remove" will remove all build dependencies
# (which is done after we install the built packages so we don't have to redownload any overlapping dependencies)
            && apt-mark showmanual | xargs apt-mark auto > /dev/null \
            && { [ -z "$savedAptMark" ] || apt-mark manual $savedAptMark; } \
            \
# create a temporary local APT repo to install from (so that dependency resolution can be handled by APT, as it should be)
            && ls -lAFh "$tempDir" \
            && ( cd "$tempDir" && dpkg-scanpackages . > Packages ) \
            && grep '^Package: ' "$tempDir/Packages" \
            && echo "deb [ trusted=yes ] file://$tempDir ./" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/temp.list \
# work around the following APT issue by using "Acquire::GzipIndexes=false" (overriding "/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/docker-gzip-indexes")
#   Could not open file /var/lib/apt/lists/partial/_tmp_tmp.ODWljpQfkE_._Packages - open (13: Permission denied)
#   ...
#   E: Failed to fetch store:/var/lib/apt/lists/partial/_tmp_tmp.ODWljpQfkE_._Packages  Could not open file /var/lib/apt/lists/partial/_tmp_tmp.ODWljpQfkE_._Packages - open (13: Permission denied)
            && apt-get -o Acquire::GzipIndexes=false update \
            ;; \
    esac \
    \
    && apt-get install --no-install-recommends --no-install-suggests -y \
                        $nginxPackages \
                        gettext-base \
                        curl \
    && apt-get remove --purge --auto-remove -y && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/* /etc/apt/sources.list.d/nginx.list \
    \
# if we have leftovers from building, let's purge them (including extra, unnecessary build deps)
    && if [ -n "$tempDir" ]; then \
        apt-get purge -y --auto-remove \
        && rm -rf "$tempDir" /etc/apt/sources.list.d/temp.list; \
    fi \
# forward request and error logs to docker log collector
    && ln -sf /dev/stdout /var/log/nginx/access.log \
    && ln -sf /dev/stderr /var/log/nginx/error.log \
# create a docker-entrypoint.d directory
    && mkdir /docker-entrypoint.d

COPY docker-entrypoint.sh /
COPY 10-listen-on-ipv6-by-default.sh /docker-entrypoint.d
COPY 20-envsubst-on-templates.sh /docker-entrypoint.d
COPY 30-tune-worker-processes.sh /docker-entrypoint.d
ENTRYPOINT ["/docker-entrypoint.sh"]

EXPOSE 80

STOPSIGNAL SIGQUIT

CMD ["nginx", "-g", "daemon off;"]

Dockerfile文件的制作镜像的分层结构

47-Docker-Dockerfile镜像创建自动化生产案例

案例：

#按照业务类型或系统类型等方式划分创建目录环境，方便后期镜像比较多的时候进行分类
[root@ubuntu2204 ~]#mkdir /data/dockerfile/{web/{nginx,apache,tomcat,jdk},system/{centos,ubuntu,alpine,debian}} -p
[root@ubuntu2204 ~]#tree /data/dockerfile/
/data/dockerfile/
├── system
│   ├── alpine
│   ├── centos
│   ├── debian
│   └── ubuntu
└── web
    ├── apache
    ├── jdk
    ├── nginx
    └── tomcat

10 directories, 0 files

Dockerfile 文件格式

  • 每一行以Dockerfile的指令开头，指令不区分大小写，但是惯例使用大写
  • 使用 # 开始作为注释
  • 每一行只支持一条指令，每条指令可以携带多个参数
  • 指令按文件的顺序从上至下进行执行
  • 每个指令的执行会生成一个新的镜像层，为了减少分层和镜像大小，尽可能将多条指令合并成一条指令
  • 制作镜像一般可能需要反复多次，每次执行dockfile都按顺序执行，从头开始，已经执行过的指令自动缓存，不需要再执行，如果后续有一行新的指令没执行过，其往后的指令将会重新执行，所以为加速镜像制作，将最常变化的内容放下dockerfile的文件的后面
#dockerfile 文件中的常见指令:
ADD
COPY
ENV
EXPOSE
FROM
LABEL
STOPSIGNAL
USER
VOLUME
WORKDIR

FROM: 指定基础镜像

FROM 指定基础镜像，此指令通常必需放在Dockerfile文件第一个非注释行。后续的指令都是运行于此基准镜像所提供的运行环境

#格式：
FROM [--platform=<platform>] <image>[:<tag>] [AS <name>]

*说明: 关于scratch 镜像
该镜像是一个空的镜像，可以用于构建busybox等超小镜像

47-Docker-Dockerfile镜像创建自动化生产案例

案例：Dockerfile 制作基于基础镜像的Base镜像 - 将上述手工制作镜像方式用Docker file的方式实现

#准备目录结构，下载镜像并初始化系统
[root@ubuntu2204 ~]#mkdir /data/dockerfile/{web/{nginx,apache,tomcat,jdk},system/{centos,ubuntu,alpine,debian}} -p
[root@ubuntu2204 ~]#tree /data/dockerfile/
/data/dockerfile/
├── system
│   ├── alpine
│   ├── centos
│   ├── debian
│   └── ubuntu
└── web
    ├── apache
    ├── jdk
    ├── nginx
    └── tomcat

10 directories, 0 files

#下载基础镜像
[root@ubuntu2204 ~]#docker pull alpine
[root@ubuntu2204 ~]#docker images
REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED         SIZE
busybox      latest    827365c7baf1   2 weeks ago     4.86MB
nginx        latest    1403e55ab369   2 weeks ago     142MB
ubuntu       latest    6b7dfa7e8fdb   4 weeks ago     77.8MB
alpine       latest    49176f190c7e   6 weeks ago     7.05MB
nginx        1.22.0    08a1cbf9c69e   3 months ago    142MB
mysql        5.7.32    cc8775c0fe94   24 months ago   449MB

#先制作基于基础镜像的系统Base镜像
[root@ubuntu2204 ~]#cd /data/dockerfile/system/alpine/

#创建Dockerfile，注意可以是dockerfile，但无语法着色功能
[root@ubuntu2204 alpine]#vim Dockerfile
[root@ubuntu2204 alpine]#cat Dockerfile
#This is moore test dockerfile
FROM alpine:latest

#可以指定镜像元数据，如: 镜像作者等，可以有多个
LABEL maintainer="mooreyxia.org"
#或者
#ABEL Auther="mooreyxia"\
#     Version="v1"

RUN sed -i 's/dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/' /etc/apk/repositories \
    && apk update \ 
    && apk --no-cache add iotop gcc libgcc libc-dev libcurl libc-utils \
        pcre-dev zlib-dev libnfs make pcre pcre2 zip unzip net-tools \
        pstree wget libevent libevent-dev iproute2 tzdata vim

[root@ubuntu2204 alpine]#vim build.sh
[root@ubuntu2204 alpine]#cat build.sh
#!/bin/bash
#
#********************************************************************
#Author:            mooreyxia
#Date:              2023-01-09
#FileName:          build.sh
#Description:       The test script
#Copyright (C):     2023 All rights reserved
#********************************************************************

#!/bin/bash
#
docker build -t alpine-base:v1 .

#执行
[root@ubuntu2204 alpine]#./build.sh 
Sending build context to Docker daemon  3.072kB
Step 1/3 : FROM alpine:latest
 ---> 49176f190c7e
Step 2/3 : LABEL maintainer="mooreyxia.org"
 ---> Running in c806bbbfc0bb
Removing intermediate container c806bbbfc0bb
 ---> bb5f403269ac
Step 3/3 : RUN sed -i 's/dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/' /etc/apk/repositories     && apk update     && apk --no-cache add iotop gcc libgcc libc-dev libcurl libc-utils         pcre-dev zlib-dev libnfs make pcre pcre2 zip unzip net-tools         pstree wget libevent libevent-dev iproute2
 ---> Running in 853b191ec719
fetch https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/alpine/v3.17/main/x86_64/APKINDEX.tar.gz
fetch https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/alpine/v3.17/community/x86_64/APKINDEX.tar.gz
v3.17.0-332-g13963e2526 [https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/alpine/v3.17/main]
v3.17.0-348-g6f4479fa00 [https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/alpine/v3.17/community]
OK: 17816 distinct packages available
fetch https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/alpine/v3.17/main/x86_64/APKINDEX.tar.gz
fetch https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/alpine/v3.17/community/x86_64/APKINDEX.tar.gz
(1/58) Installing libgcc (12.2.1_git20220924-r4)
(2/58) Installing libstdc++ (12.2.1_git20220924-r4)
(3/58) Installing binutils (2.39-r2)
(4/58) Installing libgomp (12.2.1_git20220924-r4)
(5/58) Installing libatomic (12.2.1_git20220924-r4)
(6/58) Installing gmp (6.2.1-r2)
(7/58) Installing isl25 (0.25-r0)
(8/58) Installing mpfr4 (4.1.0-r0)
(9/58) Installing mpc1 (1.2.1-r1)
(10/58) Installing gcc (12.2.1_git20220924-r4)
(11/58) Installing libbz2 (1.0.8-r4)
(12/58) Installing libexpat (2.5.0-r0)
(13/58) Installing libffi (3.4.4-r0)
(14/58) Installing gdbm (1.23-r0)
(15/58) Installing xz-libs (5.2.9-r0)
(16/58) Installing mpdecimal (2.5.1-r1)
(17/58) Installing ncurses-terminfo-base (6.3_p20221119-r0)
(18/58) Installing ncurses-libs (6.3_p20221119-r0)
(19/58) Installing readline (8.2.0-r0)
(20/58) Installing sqlite-libs (3.40.1-r0)
(21/58) Installing python3 (3.10.9-r1)
(22/58) Installing iotop (0.6-r9)
(23/58) Installing libcap2 (2.66-r0)
(24/58) Installing musl-fts (1.2.7-r3)
(25/58) Installing libelf (0.187-r2)
(26/58) Installing libmnl (1.0.5-r0)
(27/58) Installing iproute2-minimal (6.0.0-r1)
(28/58) Installing libnftnl (1.2.4-r0)
(29/58) Installing iptables (1.8.8-r2)
(30/58) Installing iproute2-tc (6.0.0-r1)
(31/58) Installing iproute2-ss (6.0.0-r1)
(32/58) Installing iproute2 (6.0.0-r1)
Executing iproute2-6.0.0-r1.post-install
(33/58) Installing musl-dev (1.2.3-r4)
(34/58) Installing libc-dev (0.7.2-r3)
(35/58) Installing ca-certificates (20220614-r3)
(36/58) Installing brotli-libs (1.0.9-r9)
(37/58) Installing nghttp2-libs (1.51.0-r0)
(38/58) Installing libcurl (7.87.0-r0)
(39/58) Installing libevent (2.1.12-r5)
(40/58) Installing pkgconf (1.9.3-r0)
(41/58) Installing libevent-dev (2.1.12-r5)
(42/58) Installing libnfs (5.0.2-r0)
(43/58) Installing make (4.3-r1)
(44/58) Installing mii-tool (2.10-r0)
(45/58) Installing net-tools (2.10-r0)
(46/58) Installing pcre (8.45-r2)
(47/58) Installing libpcre16 (8.45-r2)
(48/58) Installing libpcre32 (8.45-r2)
(49/58) Installing libpcrecpp (8.45-r2)
(50/58) Installing pcre-dev (8.45-r2)
(51/58) Installing pcre2 (10.42-r0)
(52/58) Installing pstree (2.40-r0)
(53/58) Installing unzip (6.0-r13)
(54/58) Installing libunistring (1.1-r0)
(55/58) Installing libidn2 (2.3.4-r0)
(56/58) Installing wget (1.21.3-r2)
(57/58) Installing zip (3.0-r10)
(58/58) Installing zlib-dev (1.2.13-r0)
Executing busybox-1.35.0-r29.trigger
Executing ca-certificates-20220614-r3.trigger
OK: 219 MiB in 73 packages
Removing intermediate container 853b191ec719
 ---> 4c7eada5d9cf
Successfully built 4c7eada5d9cf
Successfully tagged alpine-base:v1

[root@ubuntu2204 alpine]#docker images
REPOSITORY    TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED         SIZE
alpine-base   v1        4c7eada5d9cf   2 minutes ago   221MB
alpine        latest    49176f190c7e   6 weeks ago     7.05MB

[root@ubuntu2204 alpine]#docker inspect 4c7eada5d9cf
[
    {
        "Id": "sha256:4c7eada5d9cfcc8e0ad050751cd18c5441b82b80e1309acf51bf34ba71954040",
        "RepoTags": [
            "alpine-base:v1"
        ],
        "RepoDigests": [],
        "Parent": "sha256:bb5f403269acf4ab918a154dfbedfdf479a2ae81fd3a4aa74ba88674289ba7ab",
        "Comment": "",
        "Created": "2023-01-09T08:25:42.38248152Z",
        "Container": "853b191ec7194f38a30381f26d1a47328541ce42723f384c0b0a262bc6049b46",
        "ContainerConfig": {
            "Hostname": "",
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "",
            "AttachStdin": false,
            "AttachStdout": false,
            "AttachStderr": false,
            "Tty": false,
            "OpenStdin": false,
            "StdinOnce": false,
            "Env": [
                "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
            ],
            "Cmd": [
                "/bin/sh",
                "-c",
                "sed -i 's/dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/' /etc/apk/repositories     && apk update     && apk --no-cache add iotop gcc libgcc libc-dev libcurl libc-utils         pcre-dev zlib-dev libnfs make pcre pcre2 zip unzip net-tools         pstree wget libevent libevent-dev iproute2"
            ],
            "Image": "sha256:bb5f403269acf4ab918a154dfbedfdf479a2ae81fd3a4aa74ba88674289ba7ab",
            "Volumes": null,
            "WorkingDir": "",
            "Entrypoint": null,
            "OnBuild": null,
            "Labels": {
                "maintainer": "mooreyxia.org"
            }
        },
        "DockerVersion": "20.10.12",
        "Author": "",
        "Config": {
            "Hostname": "",
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "",
            "AttachStdin": false,
            "AttachStdout": false,
            "AttachStderr": false,
            "Tty": false,
            "OpenStdin": false,
            "StdinOnce": false,
            "Env": [
                "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
            ],
            "Cmd": [
                "/bin/sh"
            ],
            "Image": "sha256:bb5f403269acf4ab918a154dfbedfdf479a2ae81fd3a4aa74ba88674289ba7ab",
            "Volumes": null,
            "WorkingDir": "",
            "Entrypoint": null,
            "OnBuild": null,
            "Labels": {
                "maintainer": "mooreyxia.org"
            }
        },
        "Architecture": "amd64",
        "Os": "linux",
        "Size": 221144303,
        "VirtualSize": 221144303,
        "GraphDriver": {
            "Data": {
                "LowerDir": "/data/docker/overlay2/4f1e571f109868c90e38a6f0538c5abf9daff5c47ffedb19894d56ce1edd9b37/diff",
                "MergedDir": "/data/docker/overlay2/57aa8f1abaf5561f9fb390f5e7f3888a64124b5b78c667d6ded505500a74178d/merged",
                "UpperDir": "/data/docker/overlay2/57aa8f1abaf5561f9fb390f5e7f3888a64124b5b78c667d6ded505500a74178d/diff",
                "WorkDir": "/data/docker/overlay2/57aa8f1abaf5561f9fb390f5e7f3888a64124b5b78c667d6ded505500a74178d/work"
            },
            "Name": "overlay2"
        },
        "RootFS": {
            "Type": "layers",
            "Layers": [
                "sha256:ded7a220bb058e28ee3254fbba04ca90b679070424424761a53a043b93b612bf",
                "sha256:c8619f65f27764df0501bd18b0133d2573c6ba0d773db3064a7e2032ff265603"
            ]
        },
        "Metadata": {
            "LastTagTime": "2023-01-09T16:25:42.994959939+08:00"
        }
    }
]

RUN: 执行 shell命令

  • RUN 指令用来在构建镜像阶段需要执行 FROM 指定镜像所支持的Shell命令
  • RUN 可以写多个，每一个RUN指令都会建立一个镜像层，所以尽可能合并成一条指令,比如将多个shell命令通过 && 连接一起成为在一条指令
  • 每个RUN都是独立运行的,和前一个RUN无关 - 例如进入目录创建文件 cd && touch 而非分层

案例：

RUN sed -i 's/dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/' /etc/apk/repositories \
    && apk update \ 
    && apk --no-cache add iotop gcc libgcc libc-dev libcurl libc-utils \
        pcre-dev zlib-dev libnfs make pcre pcre2 zip unzip net-tools \
        pstree wget libevent libevent-dev iproute2 tzdata vim \
    && ln -s /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime \
    && echo "Asia/Shanghai" > /etc/timezone

构建镜像docker build 命令

docker build [OPTIONS] PATH | URL | -
说明:
PATH | URL | - #可以使是本地路径，也可以是URL路径。若设置为 - ，则从标准输入获取Dockerfile的内容
-f, --file string #Dockerfile文件名,默认为 PATH/Dockerfile
--force-rm #总是删除中间层容器,创建镜像失败时，删除临时容器
--no-cache #不使用之前构建中创建的缓存
-q --quiet=false #不显示Dockerfile的RUN运行的输出结果
--rm=true #创建镜像成功时，删除临时容器
-t --tag list #设置注册名称、镜像名称、标签。格式为 <注册名称>/<镜像名称>:<标签>（标签默认为latest）

#案例：
[root@ubuntu2204 alpine]#cat build.sh 
#!/bin/bash
#
#********************************************************************
#Author:            mooreyxia
#Date:              2023-01-09
#FileName:          build.sh
#Description:       The test script
#Copyright (C):     2023 All rights reserved
#********************************************************************

#!/bin/bash
#

TAG=$1
docker build -t alpine-base:$1 .

[root@ubuntu2204 alpine]#. build.sh v1.1
Sending build context to Docker daemon  3.584kB
Step 1/3 : FROM alpine:latest
 ---> 49176f190c7e
Step 2/3 : LABEL Auther="mooreyxia"      Version="v1"
 ---> Using cache
 ---> f21dcac829d1
Step 3/3 : RUN sed -i 's/dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/' /etc/apk/repositories     && apk update     && apk --no-cache add iotop gcc libgcc libc-dev libcurl libc-utils         pcre-dev zlib-dev libnfs make pcre pcre2 zip unzip net-tools         pstree wget libevent libevent-dev iproute2 tzdata vim     && ln -s /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime     && echo "Asia/Shanghai" > /etc/timezone
 ---> Using cache
 ---> 4f60390e7b99
Successfully built 4f60390e7b99
Successfully tagged alpine-base:v1.1
[root@ubuntu2204 alpine]#docker images
REPOSITORY    TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED          SIZE
alpine-base   v1.1      4f60390e7b99   3 minutes ago    250MB
alpine-base   v1.2      4f60390e7b99   3 minutes ago    250MB
<none>        <none>    90c6146f1aac   16 minutes ago   222MB --> 重新构建一个镜像时原来镜像会挂起
alpine-base   v1        148f122d0a66   37 minutes ago   221MB
busybox       latest    827365c7baf1   2 weeks ago      4.86MB
nginx         latest    1403e55ab369   2 weeks ago      142MB
ubuntu        latest    6b7dfa7e8fdb   4 weeks ago      77.8MB
alpine        latest    49176f190c7e   6 weeks ago      7.05MB
nginx         1.22.0    08a1cbf9c69e   3 months ago     142MB
mysql         5.7.32    cc8775c0fe94   24 months ago    449MB

prune删除所有不使用包括挂起的镜像

案例：

[root@ubuntu2204 alpine]#docker images
REPOSITORY    TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED          SIZE
alpine-base   v1.1      4f60390e7b99   3 minutes ago    250MB
<none>        <none>    90c6146f1aac   16 minutes ago   222MB --> 重新构建一个镜像时原来镜像会挂起

[root@ubuntu2204 ~]#docker system prune --help

Usage:  docker system prune [OPTIONS]

Remove unused data

Options:
  -a, --all             Remove all unused images not just dangling ones
      --filter filter   Provide filter values (e.g. 'label=<key>=<value>')
  -f, --force           Do not prompt for confirmation
      --volumes         Prune volumes

[root@ubuntu2204 ~]#docker system prune 
WARNING! This will remove:
  - all stopped containers
  - all networks not used by at least one container
  - all dangling images
  - all dangling build cache

Are you sure you want to continue? [y/N] y  
Deleted Containers:
57a886a0346ae833425b3efab9deab277de3f5a6ad6033c255fcd0a3a841eb2c
a295f70ed1036d2a8d55103d4c2cd43f0d2da3146ac36f7070e0bd98c7fc639a

Deleted Images:
deleted: sha256:90c6146f1aac717807fefee47b9643170a6f637717ab2d571da553fc6c2fc430
deleted: sha256:fe020435cafaa4e384c938696469c3595b23bb30a7e0dc284e7479015913c8e8

Total reclaimed space: 489.1MB

ADD: 复制和解包文件

该命令可认为是增强版的COPY，不仅支持COPY，还支持自动解压缩。

  • 可以是Dockerfile所在目录的一个相对路径；也可是一个 URL；还可是一个 tar 文件（自动解压）
  • 可以是绝对路径或者是WORKDIR 指定的相对路径
  • 如果是目录，只复制目录中的内容，而非目录本身
  • 如果是一个 URL ，下载后的文件权限自动设置为 600
  • 如果为URL且不以/结尾，则指定的文件将被下载并直接被创建为,如果以 / 结尾，则文件名URL指定的文件将被直接下载并保存为/< filename>
  • 如果是一个本地文件系统上的打包文件,如: gz, bz2 ,xz ，它将被解包 ，其行为类似于"tar -x"命令,但是通过URL获取到的tar文件将不会自动展开
  • 如果有多个，或其间接或直接使用了通配符，则必须是一个以/结尾的目录路径;如果不以/结尾，则其被视作一个普通文件，的内容将被直接写入到

案例：基于 Alpine 基础镜像制作 Nginx 镜像

#制作基于 Alpine 自定义镜像的 Nginx 镜像
[root@ubuntu2204 ~]#docker images
REPOSITORY    TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED         SIZE
alpine-base   v1.2      4f60390e7b99   2 hours ago     250MB

[root@ubuntu2204 alpine]#tree /data/dockerfile/
/data/dockerfile/
├── system
│   ├── alpine
│   │   ├── build.sh
│   │   └── Dockerfile
│   ├── centos
│   ├── debian
│   └── ubuntu
└── web
    ├── apache
    ├── jdk
    ├── nginx
    └── tomcat
[root@ubuntu2204 alpine]#cd /data/dockerfile/web/nginx/
[root@ubuntu2204 nginx]#mkdir 1.16.1-alpine -pv
[root@ubuntu2204 nginx]#ll
总用量 16
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096  1月  9 19:41  ./
drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 4096  1月  9 15:38  ../
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096  1月  9 19:41  1.16.1-alpine/
[root@ubuntu2204 nginx]#cd 1.16.1-alpine/
[root@ubuntu2204 1.16.1-alpine]#wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.16.1.tar.gz
--2023-01-09 19:44:49--  http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.16.1.tar.gz
正在解析主机 nginx.org (nginx.org)... 52.58.199.22, 3.125.197.172, 2a05:d014:edb:5702::6, ...
正在连接 nginx.org (nginx.org)|52.58.199.22|:80... 已连接。
已发出 HTTP 请求，正在等待回应... 200 OK
长度： 1032630 (1008K) [application/octet-stream]
正在保存至: ‘nginx-1.16.1.tar.gz’

nginx-1.16.1.tar.gz                          100%[=============================================================================================>]   1008K  25.5KB/s    用时 69s   

2023-01-09 19:46:00 (14.6 KB/s) - 已保存 ‘nginx-1.16.1.tar.gz’ [1032630/1032630])

[root@ubuntu2204 1.16.1-alpine]#ll
总用量 1020
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root    4096  1月  9 19:44 ./
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root    4096  1月  9 19:42 ../
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1032630  8月 14  2019 nginx-1.16.1.tar.gz
[root@ubuntu2204 1.16.1-alpine]#echo Test Page based nginx-alpine > index.html
[root@ubuntu2204 1.16.1-alpine]#vim nginx.conf
[root@ubuntu2204 1.16.1-alpine]#cat nginx.conf 

user  nginx;
worker_processes  1;
daemon off; *****

#error_log  logs/error.log;
#error_log  logs/error.log  notice;
#error_log  logs/error.log  info;

#pid        logs/nginx.pid;


events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}


http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    #log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
    #                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
    #                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    #access_log  logs/access.log  main;

    sendfile        on;
    #tcp_nopush     on;

    #keepalive_timeout  0;
    keepalive_timeout  65;

    #gzip  on;

    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  localhost;

        #charset koi8-r;

        #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;

        location / {
            root   /data/nginx/html;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }

        #error_page  404              /404.html;

        # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
        #
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }

        # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;
        #}

        # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    root           html;
        #    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
        #    fastcgi_index  index.php;
        #    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
        #    include        fastcgi_params;
        #}

        # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
        # concurs with nginx's one
        #
        #location ~ /\.ht {
        #    deny  all;
        #}
    }


    # another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       8000;
    #    listen       somename:8080;
    #    server_name  somename  alias  another.alias;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}


    # HTTPS server
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       443 ssl;
    #    server_name  localhost;

    #    ssl_certificate      cert.pem;
    #    ssl_certificate_key  cert.key;

    #    ssl_session_cache    shared:SSL:1m;
    #    ssl_session_timeout  5m;

    #    ssl_ciphers  HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
    #    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers  on;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}

}

[root@ubuntu2204 1.16.1-alpine]#ll
总用量 1028
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root    4096  1月  9 20:04 ./
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root    4096  1月  9 19:42 ../
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root      29  1月  9 19:47 index.html
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1032630  8月 14  2019 nginx-1.16.1.tar.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root     558  1月  9 20:04 nginx.conf

#编写Dockerfile文件
[root@ubuntu2204 1.16.1-alpine]#vim Dockerfile
[root@ubuntu2204 1.16.1-alpine]#cat Dockerfile 
FROM alpine-base:v1.2
LABEL author="mooreyxia" \
      version="1.0" 
ADD nginx-1.16.1.tar.gz /usr/local/src
RUN cd /usr/local/src/nginx-1.16.1 \
    && ./configure --prefix=/apps/nginx \
    && make && make install \
    && ln -s /apps/nginx/sbin/nginx /usr/bin/ 
RUN addgroup -g 2019 -S nginx \
    && adduser -s /sbin/nologin -S -D -u 2019 -G nginx nginx
COPY nginx.conf /apps/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
ADD index.html /data/nginx/html/index.html
RUN chown -R nginx.nginx /data/nginx/ /apps/nginx/
EXPOSE 80 443
CMD ["nginx"]

#构建镜像
[root@ubuntu2204 1.16.1-alpine]#vim build.sh
[root@ubuntu2204 1.16.1-alpine]#cat build.sh 
#!/bin/bash
#
#********************************************************************
#Author:            mooreyxia
#Date:              2023-01-09
#FileName:          build.sh
#Description:       The test script
#Copyright (C):     2023 All rights reserved
#********************************************************************

#!/bin/bash

docker build -t nginx-alpine:1.16.1 .

[root@ubuntu2204 1.16.1-alpine]#ls
build.sh  Dockerfile  index.html  nginx-1.16.1.tar.gz  nginx.conf

#生成容器测试镜像
[root@ubuntu2204 1.16.1-alpine]#. build.sh 
Sending build context to Docker daemon  1.039MB
Step 1/10 : FROM alpine-base:v1.2
 ---> 4f60390e7b99
Step 2/10 : LABEL auther="mooreyxia"       version="1.0"
 ---> Running in f740a1bd93b4
Removing intermediate container f740a1bd93b4
 ---> 5fe0cd6e2ca0
Step 3/10 : ADD nginx-1.16.1.tar.gz /usr/local/src
 ---> ed8ce5d0d3ab
Step 4/10 : RUN cd /usr/local/src/nginx-1.16.1     && ./configure --prefix=/apps/nginx     && make && make install     && ln -s /apps/nginx/sbin/nginx /usr/bin/
 ---> Running in 39f7b1062b2d
checking for OS
 + Linux 5.15.0-57-generic x86_64
checking for C compiler ... found
 + using GNU C compiler
 + gcc version: 12.2.1 20220924 (Alpine 12.2.1_git20220924-r4) 
...

#查看生成的镜像
[root@ubuntu2204 1.16.1-alpine]#docker images
REPOSITORY     TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED         SIZE
nginx-alpine   1.16.1    3421f2c681d8   2 minutes ago   274MB
[root@ubuntu2204 1.16.1-alpine]#docker inspect nginx-alpine:1.16.1 
[
    {
        "Id": "sha256:34b3eb9eef98b99d9523ecf66c7dd4def9663123edbc55944a15d36fe11effd7",
        "RepoTags": [
            "nginx-alpine:1.16.1"
        ],
        "RepoDigests": [],
        "Parent": "sha256:3ec4abd8c21fdeff2613d69454a80c3044cc070b280acce82dc1a3132b219bbd",
        "Comment": "",
        "Created": "2023-01-09T13:33:09.338140302Z",
        "Container": "bd347f3726e2913185bdbcf2363f63b8206fa6e1d6025c062ab73df766ee9603",
        "ContainerConfig": {
            "Hostname": "bd347f3726e2",
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "",
            "AttachStdin": false,
            "AttachStdout": false,
            "AttachStderr": false,
            "ExposedPorts": {
                "443/tcp": {},
                "80/tcp": {}
            },
            "Tty": false,
            "OpenStdin": false,
            "StdinOnce": false,
            "Env": [
                "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
            ],
            "Cmd": [
                "/bin/sh",
                "-c",
                "#(nop) ",
                "CMD [\"nginx\"]"
            ],
            "Image": "sha256:3ec4abd8c21fdeff2613d69454a80c3044cc070b280acce82dc1a3132b219bbd",
            "Volumes": null,
            "WorkingDir": "",
            "Entrypoint": null,
            "OnBuild": null,
            "Labels": {
                "Auther": "mooreyxia",
                "Version": "v1",
                "auther": "mooreyxia",
                "version": "1.0"
            }
        },
        "DockerVersion": "20.10.12",
        "Author": "",
        "Config": {
            "Hostname": "",
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "",
            "AttachStdin": false,
            "AttachStdout": false,
            "AttachStderr": false,
            "ExposedPorts": {
                "443/tcp": {},
                "80/tcp": {}
            },
            "Tty": false,
            "OpenStdin": false,
            "StdinOnce": false,
            "Env": [
                "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
            ],
            "Cmd": [
                "nginx"
            ],
            "Image": "sha256:3ec4abd8c21fdeff2613d69454a80c3044cc070b280acce82dc1a3132b219bbd",
            "Volumes": null,
            "WorkingDir": "",
            "Entrypoint": null,
            "OnBuild": null,
            "Labels": {
                "Auther": "mooreyxia",
                "Version": "v1",
                "auther": "mooreyxia",
                "version": "1.0"
            }
        },
        "Architecture": "amd64",
        "Os": "linux",
        "Size": 273518494,
        "VirtualSize": 273518494,
        "GraphDriver": {
            "Data": {
                "LowerDir": "/data/docker/overlay2/af7dbf5445243ce62ea3332d6e8de09ac9343507eb09c6bf33af1536d0ea4bb6/diff:/data/docker/overlay2/6c24180effae6e89f5340c4cb97d4d16cf16dc078ea07fd0c83d974a93d29390/diff:/data/docker/overlay2/37d92a852bed1006ae43fbb7370d279f5eac095ded055f1c3da31e114357ad87/diff:/data/docker/overlay2/6aaf443aeea3dfaac29f6d4a9ccad2b90a44cb1f69590ba4028168be32c65f27/diff:/data/docker/overlay2/c43183788449098ba9809d7a8a58666db201daef8eb41ef81e6ce9cbb6818df7/diff:/data/docker/overlay2/31316f8b67f97e6c4a9543dfc4328c0e3c29d52f7dfcdd1af66d66d0c658dcc7/diff:/data/docker/overlay2/4f1e571f109868c90e38a6f0538c5abf9daff5c47ffedb19894d56ce1edd9b37/diff",
                "MergedDir": "/data/docker/overlay2/3719ac9519537c60c9232d10a4f8cf8886795dd10dc77e1419366cf6620a6f4a/merged",
                "UpperDir": "/data/docker/overlay2/3719ac9519537c60c9232d10a4f8cf8886795dd10dc77e1419366cf6620a6f4a/diff",
                "WorkDir": "/data/docker/overlay2/3719ac9519537c60c9232d10a4f8cf8886795dd10dc77e1419366cf6620a6f4a/work"
            },
            "Name": "overlay2"
        },
        "RootFS": {
            "Type": "layers",
            "Layers": [
                "sha256:ded7a220bb058e28ee3254fbba04ca90b679070424424761a53a043b93b612bf",
                "sha256:9fa45c5f10892d041fd7f3beb5f6b14ed4183ba367a50684eed57f799b801987",
                "sha256:e2dc414ff3be5847f1b2582822d6553ecb69d584e60312681be631f66bd0f1b0",
                "sha256:b3dd37fd4cfa61bacb4daba3f3065e295f350c12b92d5636f738287d6398907d",
                "sha256:5ccc4c24bcac5474970645ba58d920f5b7a0182d67b60509a146d2e749a081b8",
                "sha256:daa344f0fb22b1cf6c567578ef0ae9e2a5796344c5bc487e5fc4119636689d0c",
                "sha256:0273e525dd0ac59e7e5400abc8d470a1e801af620eeb9377e9f7ed46c1196318",
                "sha256:f54ca93f29a889f6f8e3866d3c48f1380eabffa39d6271b17d1b60cd32914b75"
            ]
        },
        "Metadata": {
            "LastTagTime": "2023-01-09T21:33:09.357016469+08:00"
        }
    }
]

#生成容器测试镜像
[root@ubuntu2204 1.16.1-alpine]#docker run -d -p 8080:80  nginx-alpine:1.16.1 
e5d7cda02369cb1cdfdd3108fae99cb39a69210b8b835e5e8f054ee2c7bad5c1
[root@ubuntu2204 1.16.1-alpine]#docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE                 COMMAND   CREATED         STATUS         PORTS                                            NAMES
e5d7cda02369   nginx-alpine:1.16.1   "nginx"   6 seconds ago   Up 5 seconds   443/tcp, 0.0.0.0:8080->80/tcp, :::8080->80/tcp   dreamy_gauss
[root@ubuntu2204 1.16.1-alpine]#curl 127.0.0.1:8080
Test Page based nginx-alpine
[root@ubuntu2204 1.16.1-alpine]#docker exec -it dreamy_gauss  sh
/ # ps aux
PID   USER     TIME  COMMAND
    1 root      0:00 nginx: master process nginx
    7 nginx     0:00 nginx: worker process
    8 root      0:00 sh
   15 root      0:00 ps aux

CMD: 容器启动命令

一个容器中需要持续运行的进程一般只有一个,CMD 用来指定启动容器时默认执行的一个命令，且其运行结束后,容器也会停止,所以一般CMD 指定的命令为持续运行且为前台命令.

  • 如果docker run没有指定任何的执行命令或者dockerfile里面也没有ENTRYPOINT命令，那么开启容器时就会使用执行CMD指定的默认的命令
  • RUN 命令是在构建镜像时执行的命令,注意二者的不同之处
  • 每个 Dockerfile 只能有一条 CMD 命令。如指定了多条，只有最后一条被执行
  • 如果用户启动容器时用 docker run xxx 指定运行的命令，则会覆盖 CMD 指定的命令

案例：

[root@ubuntu2204 1.16.1-alpine]#vim Dockerfile
[root@ubuntu2204 1.16.1-alpine]#cat Dockerfile 
FROM alpine-base:v1.2
LABEL author="mooreyxia" version="1.0" 
ENV NGINX_VERSION 1.16.1
ENV NGINX_INSTALL_DIR /apps/nginx
ADD nginx-1.16.1.tar.gz /usr/local/src
RUN cd /usr/local/src/nginx-${NGINX_VERSION} \
    && ./configure --prefix=${NGINX_INSTALL_DIR} \
    && make && make install \
    && ln -s ${NGINX_INSTALL_DIR}/sbin/nginx /usr/bin/ 
RUN addgroup -g 2019 -S nginx \
    && adduser -s /sbin/nologin -S -D -u 2019 -G nginx nginx
COPY nginx.conf ${NGINX_INSTALL_DIR}/conf/nginx.conf
ADD index.html /data/nginx/html/index.html
RUN chown -R nginx.nginx /data/nginx/ ${NGINX_INSTALL_DIR}/
EXPOSE 80 443
CMD ["${NGINX_INSTALL_DIR}/sbin/nginx","-g","daemon off"]

我是moore,大家一起加油！这两天打了会PS4,放松一下....

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