文章目录
一、效果展示
先看一下展示的效果，无论是尺寸多宽的屏幕，都会将内容显示完整，做到了正正的响应式。唯一不足的是图表中的样例，会随着图表的缩放而变换位置，窗口尺寸变化过快会反应不过来，好在有节流函数，可以让浏览器计算量没有那么大。本篇博客不会直接拿echarts图表下手，会先介绍一些这个大屏可视化的响应式布局。后面会出一个专门的博客介绍echarts的使用。
二、基本的布局
大致的布局如下，整体分为头部与body，头部有标题与时间两部分，body分为三个子标签，使用flex布局分别占3\5\3份，然后在占3份的标签内又分为三部分，占5份的标签内分为两部分。
写入样式之后就有了下面的样子
此时需要将前面封装的画图组件插入到指定的位置。得到下面的结果
三、背景
可以看出。这有一个在转的地球，地球有一个比较亮的描边，还有一些网格状的东西罩在上面。
地球与网状格格顺时针旋转，光边逆时针旋转，这种效果使用的是动画效果与过渡效果实现，样式代码如下：
map1、map2、map3盒子的背景分别是地球、描边、网格。
.map1,
.map2,
.map3 {
position: absolute;
top: 50%;
left: 50%;
background-size: 100% 100%;
background-repeat: no-repeat;
transform: translate(-50%, -50%);
width: 6.475rem;
height: 6.475rem;
opacity: 0.3;
}
.map1 {
background-image: url(../../public/images/map.png);
animation: rotate 15s linear infinite;
}
.map2 {
width: 8.0375rem;
height: 8.0375rem;
background-image: url(../../public/images/lbx.png);
opacity: 0.8;
animation: rotate 5s linear infinite;
z-index: 2;
}
.map3 {
width: 7.075rem;
height: 7.075rem;
background-image: url(../../public/images/jt.png);
animation: rotate1 10s linear infinite;
}
@keyframes rotate {
from {
transform: translate(-50%, -50%) rotate(0deg);
}
to {
transform: translate(-50%, -50%) rotate(360deg);
}
}
@keyframes rotate1 {
from {
transform: translate(-50%, -50%) rotate(0deg);
}
to {
transform: translate(-50%, -50%) rotate(-360deg);
}
}
四、代码
//以下面一个panel作为例子进行讲解
<Panel
mychart="echart1"
:option="chartsList[0]"
title="柱形图 - 就业形式"
></Panel>
//这个标签控制一个图表，mychart是图表将要挂载的ref，option是图表的配置项，title是图表的标题。
Mainbox.vue整体布局
<template>
<div class="mainbox">
<!-- 左边的图形展示 -->
<div class="column">
<Panel
mychart="echart1"
:option="chartsList[0]"
title="柱形图 - 就业形式"
></Panel>
<Panel
mychart="echart2"
:option="chartsList[2]"
title="曲线图-人员变化"
></Panel>
<Panel
mychart="echart3"
:option="chartsList[4]"
title="南丁格尔图-地区分布"
></Panel>
</div>
<!-- 中间的图形展示 -->
<div class="column">
<!-- 首页数字展示 -->
<div class="mainboxtop">
<div class="tophd">
<ul>
<li>999999999+</li>
<li>200+</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="topbd">
<ul>
<li>前端需求人数</li>
<li>市场供应人数</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<!-- 首页地图展示 -->
<div class="mainboxbody">
<div ref="chinamap" class="chinamap"></div>
<!-- 背景地球 -->
<div class="map1"></div>
<!-- 正旋转 -->
<div class="map2"></div>
<!-- 逆旋转 -->
<div class="map3"></div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- 右边的图形展示 -->
<div class="column">
<Panel
mychart="echart4"
:option="chartsList[1]"
title="技能占比-进度条"
></Panel>
<Panel
mychart="echart5"
:option="chartsList[3]"
title="曲线图-播放量"
></Panel>
<Panel mychart="echart6" :option="chartsList[5]" title="饼图"></Panel>
</div>
</div>
</template>
<script>
// import MyEcharts from "./MyEcharts.vue";
// import "../../node_modules/echarts/dist/china.js";
import "../../node_modules/echarts/map/js/china.js";
// import "../config/chinamap.js";
// import "../config/china.js";
import * as echarts from "echarts";
import Panel from "./Panel.vue";
var yearData = [
];
var geoCoordMap = {
};
var XAData = [
];
var XNData = [
];
var YCData = [
];
var planePath =
"path://M1705.06,1318.313v-89.254l-319.9-221.799l0.073-208.063c0.521-84.662-26.629-121.796-63.961-121.491c-37.332-0.305-64.482,36.829-63.961,121.491l0.073,208.063l-319.9,221.799v89.254l330.343-157.288l12.238,241.308l-134.449,92.931l0.531,42.034l175.125-42.917l175.125,42.917l0.531-42.034l-134.449-92.931l12.238-241.308L1705.06,1318.313z";
//var planePath = 'arrow';
var convertData = function (data) {
var res = [];
for (var i = 0; i < data.length; i++) {
var dataItem = data[i];
var fromCoord = geoCoordMap[dataItem[0].name];
var toCoord = geoCoordMap[dataItem[1].name];
if (fromCoord && toCoord) {
res.push({
fromName: dataItem[0].name,
toName: dataItem[1].name,
coords: [fromCoord, toCoord],
value: dataItem[1].value,
});
}
}
return res;
};
var color = ["#a6c84c", "#ffa022", "#46bee9"]; //航线的颜色
var series = [];
[
["西安", XAData],
["西宁", XNData],
["银川", YCData],
].forEach(function (item, i) {
series.push(
{
name: item[0] + " Top3",
type: "lines",
zlevel: 1,
effect: {
show: true,
period: 6,
trailLength: 0.7,
color: "red", //arrow箭头的颜色
symbolSize: 3,
},
lineStyle: {
normal: {
color: color[i],
width: 0,
curveness: 0.2,
},
},
data: convertData(item[1]),
},
{
name: item[0] + " Top3",
type: "lines",
zlevel: 2,
symbol: ["none", "arrow"],
symbolSize: 10,
effect: {
show: true,
period: 6,
trailLength: 0,
symbol: planePath,
symbolSize: 15,
},
lineStyle: {
normal: {
color: color[i],
width: 1,
opacity: 0.6,
curveness: 0.2,
},
},
data: convertData(item[1]),
},
{
name: item[0] + " Top3",
type: "effectScatter",
coordinateSystem: "geo",
zlevel: 2,
rippleEffect: {
brushType: "stroke",
},
label: {
normal: {
show: true,
position: "right",
formatter: "{b}",
},
},
symbolSize: function (val) {
return val[2] / 8;
},
itemStyle: {
normal: {
color: color[i],
},
emphasis: {
areaColor: "#2B91B7",
},
},
data: item[1].map(function (dataItem) {
return {
name: dataItem[1].name,
value: geoCoordMap[dataItem[1].name].concat([dataItem[1].value]),
};
}),
}
);
});
var option = {
tooltip: {
trigger: "item",
formatter: function (params, ticket, callback) {
if (params.seriesType == "effectScatter") {
return "线路：" + params.data.name + "" + params.data.value[2];
} else if (params.seriesType == "lines") {
return (
params.data.fromName +
">" +
params.data.toName +
"<br />" +
params.data.value
);
} else {
return params.name;
}
},
},
legend: {
orient: "vertical",
top: "bottom",
left: "right",
data: ["西安 Top3", "西宁 Top3", "银川 Top3"],
textStyle: {
color: "#fff",
},
selectedMode: "multiple",
},
geo: {
map: "china",
label: {
emphasis: {
show: true,
color: "#fff",
},
},
// 把中国地图放大了1.2倍
zoom: 1.2,
roam: true,
itemStyle: {
normal: {
// 地图省份的背景颜色
areaColor: "rgba(20, 41, 87,0.6)",
borderColor: "#195BB9",
borderWidth: 1,
},
emphasis: {
areaColor: "#2B91B7",
},
},
},
series: series,
};
export default {
components: { Panel },
name: "MainBox",
data() {
return {
//这里存放图表
chartsList: [],
mycharts: null,
chartFun: null,
};
},
mounted() {
// this.$refs.echart1.setOption(this.chartsList[0]);
// this.$refs.echart2.setOption(this.chartsList[0]);
if (this.mycharts) {
this.mycharts.dispose();
}
// this.mycharts = echarts.init(document.getElementsByClassName("chinamap"));
this.mycharts = echarts.init(this.$refs.chinamap);
this.mycharts.setOption(option);
let chart = this.mycharts;
// 节流函数
function throttle(func, wait, options) {
let time, context, args, result;
let previous = 0;
if (!options) options = {};
let later = function () {
previous = options.leading === false ? 0 : new Date().getTime();
time = null;
func.apply(context, args);
if (!time) context = args = null;
};
let throttled = function () {
let now = new Date().getTime();
if (!previous && options.leading === false) previous = now;
let remaining = wait - (now - previous);
context = this;
args = arguments;
if (remaining <= 0 || remaining > wait) {
if (time) {
clearTimeout(time);
time = null;
}
previous = now;
func.apply(context, args);
if (!time) context = args = null;
} else if (!time && options.trailing !== false) {
time = setTimeout(later, remaining);
}
};
return throttled;
}
this.chartFun = throttle(function () {
chart.resize();
}, 10);
window.addEventListener("resize", this.chartFun);
},
beforeDestroy() {
// 移除窗口改变监听
window.removeEventListener("resize", this.chartFun);
},
};
</script>
<style scoped>
.mainbox {
display: flex;
/* background-color: pink; */
padding: 0.125rem 0.125rem 0;
}
.column {
/* height: 10rem; */
/* background-color: red; */
flex: 3;
}
.mainbox .column:nth-child(2) {
/* background-color: blue; */
padding: 0 0.125rem 0.1875rem;
/* background-color: blue; */
flex: 5;
}
/* 以下是存放中国地图的容器样式 */
.mainboxtop {
background-color: rgba(101, 132, 226, 0.1);
padding: 0.1875rem;
}
.tophd {
position: relative;
border: 1px solid rgba(25, 186, 139, 0.17);
}
@font-face {
font-family: electronicFont;
src: url(../../public/font/DS-DIGIT.TTF);
}
.tophd > ul,
.topbd > ul {
display: flex;
}
.tophd > ul > li {
flex: 1;
display: inline-block;
height: 1rem;
color: #ffeb7b;
font-size: 0.875rem;
font-family: electronicFont;
}
.tophd > ul::after {
position: absolute;
right: 50%;
width: 0.0125rem;
height: 50%;
top: 25%;
background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2);
content: "";
}
.tophd::before,
.tophd::after {
position: absolute;
content: "";
width: 0.375rem;
height: 0.125rem;
}
.tophd::before {
top: 0;
left: 0;
border-top: 2px solid #02a6b5;
border-left: 2px solid #02a6b5;
}
.tophd::after {
bottom: 0;
right: 0;
border-bottom: 2px solid #02a6b5;
border-right: 2px solid #02a6b5;
}
.topbd > ul > li {
flex: 1;
height: 0.5rem;
line-height: 0.5rem;
color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.7);
font-size: 0.225rem;
padding-top: 0.125rem;
}
.mainboxbody {
position: relative;
width: 100%;
height: 10.125rem;
/* background-color: pink; */
}
.chinamap {
position: absolute;
top: 0;
left: 0;
z-index: 5;
height: 10.125rem;
width: 100%;
}
</style>
Header.vue用于管理布局中的头部。
<template>
<div class="header">
<h1>大屏数据可视化展示</h1>
<div class="showtime">时间</div>
</div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
name: "Header",
mounted() {
var t = null;
t = setTimeout(time, 1000); //開始运行
function time() {
clearTimeout(t); //清除定时器
let dt = new Date();
var y = dt.getFullYear();
var mt = dt.getMonth() + 1;
var day = dt.getDate();
var h = dt.getHours(); //获取时
var m = dt.getMinutes(); //获取分
var s = dt.getSeconds(); //获取秒
document.querySelector(".showtime").innerHTML =
y + "/" + mt + "/" + day + " -" + h + ":" + m + ":" + s;
t = setTimeout(time, 1000); //设定定时器，循环运行
}
},
};
</script>
<style scoped>
.header {
position: relative;
width: 100%;
height: 1.25rem;
/* background-color: pink; */
background: url(../../public/images/head_bg.png) no-repeat;
background-position: top center;
background-size: cover;
}
h1 {
color: #fff;
text-align: center;
line-height: 1rem;
font-size: 0.475rem;
}
.showtime {
overflow: hidden;
width: 4.5625rem;
height: 1rem;
position: absolute;
top: 0;
right: 0.375rem;
line-height: 0.9375rem;
font-size: 0.25rem;
color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.7);
}
</style>
布局中遇到的一些问题
下面是在布局的时候遇到的一些问题，可以参考一下：
-
Echarts:There is a chart instance already initialized on the dom.//重复给一个dom元素画图
-
echarts警告：Can‘t get DOM width or height. Please check dom.clientWidth and dom.clientHeight. …//没有给盒子宽高
-
Uncaught TypeError: Cannot read properties of undefined (reading ‘echarts’)//没有找到echarts中的china.js
将china.js文件放入echarts.js所在的目录 -
Error in mounted hook: “TypeError: this.dom.getContext is not a function”
一开始是使用jQuery获取dom，一直报上面的错误，后来改变用vue的ref获取就可以了
使用document.getelementById（）获取也会报错 -
./src/components/Home.vue Module not found: Error: Can’t resolve ‘less-loader’ in 'C:\Users\123\Desk
//使用了less语法，没有装less相关插件，执行npm install less-loader@5.0.0 -D
这篇博客是没有提到如何使用echarts画图的，接下来一篇将会告诉大家如何画图。以及对图表进行响应式布局。如果大家有好的想法或者想要源码欢迎评论区留言。