一、HTTPS 服务
为什么需要HTTPS?
原因：HTTP不安全
1、传输数据被中间人盗用、信息泄露
2、数据内容劫持、篡改
HTTPS协议的实现
对传输内容进行加密以及身份验证
HTTPS加密校验方式
非对称加密+对称加密
CA签名证书
二、生成秘钥和CA证书
生产环境上可以直接从第三方机构获取CA证书，跳过这一步。
#检查是否安装openssl
openssl version
步骤一：生成key秘钥
#在/etc/nginx 目录下新建 ssl_key 目录
[root@sam ~]# mkdir /etc/nginx/ssl_key
[root@sam ~]# cd /etc/nginx/ssl_key
#新建key文件，并输入密码
[root@sam ssl_key]# openssl genrsa -idea -out sam.key 1024
Generating RSA private key, 1024 bit long modulus
....................................++++++
...................++++++
e is 65537 (0x10001)
Enter pass phrase for sam.key:
Verifying - Enter pass phrase for sam.key:
步骤二：生成证书签名请求文件（csr文件）
[root@sam ssl_key]# openssl req -new -key sam.key -out sam.csr
Enter pass phrase for sam.key:
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
-----
Country Name (2 letter code) [XX]:CN
State or Province Name (full name) []:guangdong
Locality Name (eg, city) [Default City]:guangzhou
Organization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]:sam
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:sam
Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:sam
Email Address []:xxx@sam.com
Please enter the following 'extra' attributes
to be sent with your certificate request
A challenge password []:
An optional company name []:sam
[root@sam ssl_key]# ls
sam.csr sam.key
步骤三：生成证书签名文件（CA证书） 或 从第三方机构获取
[root@sam ssl_key]# openssl x509 -req -days 3650 -in sam.csr -signkey sam.key -out sam.crt
[root@sam ssl_key]# ls
sam.crt sam.csr sam.key
三、Nginx配置HTTPS
#配置语法
语法：ssl on|off;
默认值：ssl off;
上下文：http,server
语法：ssl_certificate file;
默认值：无
上下文：http,server
语法：ssl_certificate_key file;
默认值：无
上下文：http,server
配置用例
server {
listen 443; #https 监听端口为443
server_name www.sam.com;
ssl on;
ssl_certificate /etc/nginx/ssl_key/sam.crt;
ssl_certificate_key /etc/nginx/ssl_key/sam.key;
location / {
root /opt/site/sam;
index index.html index.htm;
}
}
如果使用自签的证书，在重启nginx的时候会提示输入key的密码，输入生成key时配置的密码即可。
生产环境中，一般通过第三方机构获取CA证书进行配置。
如从阿里云获取CA证书:
https://www.aliyun.com/product/cas?spm=5176.8142029.388261.255.23896dfadI4OJq
升级openssl 到 1.0.2
wget https://www.openssl.org/source/openssl-1.0.2k.tar.gz
tar -zxvf openssl-1.0.2k.tar.gz
cd openssl-1.0.2k
./config --prefix=/usr/local/openssl
make && make install
mv /usr/bin/openssl /usr/bin/openssl.OFF
mv /usr/include/openssl /usr/include/openssl.OFF
ln -s /usr/local/openssl/bin/openssl /usr/bin/openssl
ln -s /usr/local/openssl/include/openssl /usr/include/openssl
echo "/usr/local/openssl/lib" >> /etc/ld.so.conf
ldconfig -v
openssl version -a