前言
最近忙的要死, ????????????. 上一周来了一次比 996 更猛的 907
. 这周二终于有点遭不住了, 调休一天, 稍微歇息一下.
同时手痒的不行, 把筹备了好久的重磅文章发上来哈哈. ????????????
不过时间还是有点仓促, 所以这次就先开个头, 后面有时间再细化.
容器化应用系统上生产的最佳实践
- 检查镜像、容器是否是用
root
启动以及配置其他特权. 如无必要, 一律使用普通用户. - 检查镜像
LANG
配置:LANG = en_US.UTF-8
. 目的: 避免生产出现 乱码等问题 - 检查镜像时区配置:
TZ=Asia/Shanghai
目的: 避免生产出现时区不一致的问题 - 配置外部化. 外部化手段有多种:
- 同一个镜像, 从测试流转到生产. 给镜像打
${version}
或${gitCommitId}
这一类的标签. 目的: 通过版本号或 commit id, 保证正确地的版本流转到生产 - 讨论每个组件的
- 日志输出优化:
- (可选) 根据需要, 安装 redis/kafka/rabbitmq 集群(并配置 exporter 监控)
- 微服务参数优化:
- 制作 DEV, TEST, UAT, Pre-PROD, PROD 的 DevOps pipeline.
- 配置 Readiness 和 Liveness 探针.
- 增加 JMX-exporter 监控和 Tracing 监控.
- NGINX conf 建议增加:
worker_processes 1;
然后按需调节副本数. - (可选)配置 PDB, 指定升级或重启过程中:
maxUnavailable
或minAvailable
(特别适用于: 有状态应用. 典型如: redis, kafka, zookeeper 等) - 配置反亲和性
podAntiAffinity
. 保证同一组微服务/应用/组件尽可能打散在不同 node 上.
5-6 操作步骤:
nodeSelector:
zone: internet
11 步示例如下:
livenessProbe:
tcpSocket:
port: 8080
initialDelaySeconds: 60
readinessProbe:
httpGet:
path: /myapp/services/
port: 8080
scheme: HTTP
initialDelaySeconds: 60
14 步示例如下: (注意关键词: maxUnavailable
和 minAvailable
)
kind: PodDisruptionBudget
apiVersion: policy/v1beta1
metadata:
name: kafka-prod-kafka
labels:
app.kubernetes.io/instance: kafka-prod
app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: strimzi-cluster-operator
app.kubernetes.io/name: strimzi
strimzi.io/cluster: kafka-prod
strimzi.io/kind: Kafka
strimzi.io/name: kafka-prod-kafka
spec:
selector:
matchLabels:
strimzi.io/cluster: kafka-prod
strimzi.io/kind: Kafka
strimzi.io/name: kafka-prod-kafka
maxUnavailable: 1
kind: PodDisruptionBudget
apiVersion: policy/v1beta1
metadata:
name: redis-cluster-redis
namespace: myapp
labels:
app.kubernetes.io/component: redis
app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: redis-operator
app.kubernetes.io/name: redis
app.kubernetes.io/part-of: redis-cluster
redis.kun/v1beta1: myapp_redis
spec:
minAvailable: 2
selector:
matchLabels:
app.kubernetes.io/component: redis
app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: redis-operator
app.kubernetes.io/name: redis
app.kubernetes.io/part-of: redis-cluster
redis.kun/v1beta1: myapp_redis
15 步骤示例如下: (注意关键词: podAntiAffinity
)
kind: StatefulSet
apiVersion: apps/v1
metadata:
name: redis-cluster-redis
labels:
app.kubernetes.io/component: redis
app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: redis-operator
app.kubernetes.io/name: redis
app.kubernetes.io/part-of: redis-cluster
redis.kun/v1beta1: myapp_redis
spec:
replicas: 3
selector:
matchLabels:
app.kubernetes.io/component: redis
app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: redis-operator
app.kubernetes.io/name: redis
app.kubernetes.io/part-of: redis-cluster
redis.kun/v1beta1: myapp_redis
template:
metadata:
creationTimestamp: null
labels:
app.kubernetes.io/component: redis
app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: redis-operator
app.kubernetes.io/name: redis
app.kubernetes.io/part-of: redis-cluster
redis.kun/v1beta1: myapp_redis
spec:
containers:
<...>
affinity:
podAntiAffinity:
preferredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
- weight: 100
podAffinityTerm:
labelSelector:
matchLabels:
app.kubernetes.io/component: redis
app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: redis-operator
app.kubernetes.io/name: redis
app.kubernetes.io/part-of: redis-cluster
redis.kun/v1beta1: myapp_redis
topologyKey: kubernetes.io/hostname
...
完
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