目录
这是一个对于Java中知识点的类,抽象类,封装,继承,多态,接口等进行的一个简单的代码练习,对于实际的图书管理系统还需要一点的优化
前言
效果展示
我们先来看看效果
首先是我们的管理员端:
再下是我们的普通用户端:
功能模块
我们先试着模块化出来功能合计
1.简单的登录
2.管理端
·查阅图书
·增加图书
·删除图书
·打印图书
·退出系统
3.用户端
·查阅图书
·借阅图书
·归还图书
·退出
我们先将类中的功能创建好
IOperation为我们所有功能的接口 很多童鞋就疑惑为何要这么做,我们直接将其定义到一个类中不可以吗,答案是可以的!,但是我们为了链接知识点 所以将其进行分化!
书架
定义书的类
我们先来定义一个书的类,首先一本书有书名、作者、价格、类型以及是否已被借出
public class Book {
private String name;//书名
private String author;//作者
private int price;//价格
private String type;//类型
private boolean isBorrwed;//是否借出
}
因为这些都是private类型 所以我们还需要提供一个方法来提供给使用者来调用
教大家快捷方法为Alt+Insert
public Book(String name, String author, int price, String type) {
this.name = name;
this.author = author;
this.price = price;
this.type = type;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getAuthor() {
return author;
}
public void setAuthor(String author) {
this.author = author;
}
public int getPrice() {
return price;
}
public void setPrice(int price) {
this.price = price;
}
public String getType() {
return type;
}
public void setType(String type) {
this.type = type;
}
public boolean isBorrwed() {
return isBorrwed;
}
public void setBorrwed(boolean borrwed) {
isBorrwed = borrwed;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "book{" +
" 书名='" + name + '\'' +
", 作者='" + author + '\'' +
", 价格=" + price +
", 类型='" + type + '\'' +
((isBorrwed==true)?", 已被借出":", 未被借出") +
'}';
}
创建书架
我们创建一个BookList类当做书架,用来存放我们的书籍
public class BookList {
private Book[] books=new Book[10];
private int BookSize;
public BookList(){
books[0]=new Book("三国演义","罗贯中",17,"小说");
books[1]=new Book("西游记","吴承恩",47,"小说");
books[2]=new Book("水浒传","施耐庵",37,"小说");
this.BookSize=3;
}
public int getBookSize() {
return BookSize;
}
public void setBookSize(int bookSize) {
BookSize = bookSize;
}
/**
* 获取到pos位置的一本书
* @param pos
* @return
*/
public Book getpos(int pos){
return books[pos];
}
/**
* 新加入一本书
* @param pos
* @param book
*/
public void setBooks(int pos,Book book){
this.books[pos]=book;
}
}
我们现在可以看到已经对书架进行了初始化,现在书架上的书有三国演义、西游记、水浒传
用户
User用户类
我们要使用User来实现多态继承
public abstract class User {
protected String name;
protected IOperation[] iOperations;
public User(String name){
this.name=name;
}
public abstract int menu();
public void dowork(int choice, BookList bookList){
iOperations[choice].work(bookList);
}
}
AdminUser管理员
管理员要实现的功能为查找、新增、删除、打印、退出系统
public class AdminUser extends User{
public AdminUser(String name){
super(name);
this.iOperations =new IOperation[]{
new Exitoperation(),
new Findoperation(),
new Addoperation(),
new Deloperation(),
new Displayoperation()
};
}
public int menu(){
System.out.println("=======管理员菜单=======");
System.out.println("Hai!"+this.name+" 欢迎来到图书馆");
System.out.println("1.查找图书");
System.out.println("2.新增图书");
System.out.println("3.删除图书");
System.out.println("4.显示图书");
System.out.println("0.退出系统");
System.out.println("====================");
Scanner scanner=new Scanner(System.in);
return scanner.nextInt();
}
}
AdminUser类继承了User用户类,并且实现了管理员对应的功能
NormalUser普通用户
普通用户要实现的功能为查找、借阅、归还、退出系统
public class NormalUser extends User {
public NormalUser(String name){
super(name);
this.iOperations =new IOperation[]{
new Exitoperation(),
new Findoperation(),
new Borrowoperation(),
new Retoperation()
};
}
public int menu(){
System.out.println("=======用户菜单=======");
System.out.println("Hai!"+this.name+" 欢迎来到图书馆");
System.out.println("1.查找图书");
System.out.println("2.借阅图书");
System.out.println("3.归还图书");
System.out.println("0.退出系统");
System.out.println("====================");
Scanner scanner=new Scanner(System.in);
return scanner.nextInt();
}
}
功能
接口
public interface IOperation {
Scanner scanner=new Scanner(System.in);
public void work(BookList bookList);
}
FindOperation 查找图书
我们此功能实现是非常简单的,保存好用户要查找的图书并且使用类name.equals()来查找图书即可
public class Findoperation implements IOperation{
public void work(BookList booklist) {
System.out.println("查找图书");
System.out.println("请输入你要查找的书名");
String name=scanner.nextLine();
int size=booklist.getBookSize();
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
Book book= booklist.getpos(i);
if(name.equals(book.getName())){
System.out.println("找到了你要查找的书 信息如下");
System.out.println(book);
return ;
}
}
System.out.println("没有找到你要查找的书");
}
}
AddOperation添加图书
我们要给已存在的书架加入一本书,将新书存放到顺序表之后即可
public class Addoperation implements IOperation{
public void work(BookList booklist) {
System.out.println("添加图书");
System.out.println("请输入图书的名字");
String name=scanner.nextLine();
System.out.println("请输入图书的作者");
String author=scanner.nextLine();
System.out.println("请输入图书的类别");
String type=scanner.nextLine();
System.out.println("请输入图书的价格");
int price=scanner.nextInt();
Book book=new Book(name,author,price,type);
int size=booklist.getBookSize();
booklist.setBooks(size,book);
booklist.setBookSize(++size);
System.out.println("新增图书成功");
}
}
需要注意的地方是我们一定要切记添加图书后记得要改变bookSize的值
DelOperation删除图书
此功能的实现与查找类似,在查找的基础上增加了删除,需要用到的知识点为顺序表的删除,删除需要将后续的书前移,并且将最后一个置为 空
public class Deloperation implements IOperation{
public void work(BookList booklist) {
System.out.println("删除图书");
System.out.println("请输入要删除的图书的名字");
String name=scanner.nextLine();
int size= booklist.getBookSize();
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
Book book= booklist.getpos(i);
if(name.equals(book.getName())){
while(i<size-1){
Book tmp=booklist.getpos(i+1);
booklist.setBooks(i,tmp);
i++;
}
booklist.setBooks(size,null);
booklist.setBookSize(size-1);
System.out.println("删除成功");
return ;
}
}
System.out.println("没有找到你要删除的图书");
}
}
切记将书架的最后一位置为空避免泄露,需要注意到的还是要将bookSize的值进行修改
BorrowOperation借阅图书
首先利用查找的原理找到我们要寻找的书,找到后修改其状态即可
public class Borrowoperation implements IOperation {
public void work(BookList booklist) {
System.out.println("借阅图书");
System.out.println("请输入你要借的书名");
String name=scanner.nextLine();
int size=booklist.getBookSize();
for (int i = 0; i <size ; i++) {
Book book=booklist.getpos(i);
if(name.equals(book.getName())){
book.setBorrwed(true);
System.out.println("借阅成功!");
System.out.println(book);
return ;
}
}
System.out.println("没有此书");
}
}
需要注意的是记得将要借阅的书类型修改为true
DisOperation 打印图书
按照顺序表原理依次打印即可
public class Displayoperation implements IOperation{
public void work(BookList booklist) {
System.out.println("打印图书");
int size= booklist.getBookSize();
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
Book book= booklist.getpos(i);
System.out.println(book);
}
}
}
RetOperation归还图书
首先要查找书库是否存在此书,如果存在将其类型修改为false
public class Retoperation implements IOperation{
public void work(BookList booklist) {
System.out.println("归还图书");
System.out.println("请输入你要归还的书名");
String name=scanner.nextLine();
int size=booklist.getBookSize();
for (int i = 0; i <size ; i++) {
Book book=booklist.getpos(i);
if(name.equals(book.getName())){
book.setBorrwed(false);
System.out.println("归还成功!");
System.out.println(book);
return ;
}
}
System.out.println("没有此书");
}
}
ExitOperation退出系统
退出系统
public class Exitoperation implements IOperation{
public void work(BookList booklist) {
System.out.println("退出系统");
System.exit(0);
}
}
整合
我们需要使用Main来将所有的功能进行串联
public class Main {
public static User login(){
System.out.println("请输入你的姓名");
Scanner scanner=new Scanner(System.in);
String name=scanner.next();
System.out.println("请输入你的身份 1--》管理员 0--》普通用户");
int choice=scanner.nextInt();
if(choice==1){
return new AdminUser(name);
}else if(choice==0) {
return new NormalUser(name);
}
else {
System.out.println("输入错误,退出系统");
return null;
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
BookList bookList=new BookList();
User user=login();//发生了向上转型
while(true){
int choice=user.menu();//发生了动态绑定 多态
//根据choice调用合适的操作
user.dowork(choice,bookList);
}
}
}
我们来看一下代码写完之后的所有文件
总结
我们现在实现的还是比较简易的,后期将结合MySQL来进行优化,并且在代码实现中也有很多业务上的处理没有实现,后期将会进行修正,感谢大家的支持
升级
我们对本图书馆进行了升级,升级内容如下
管理员系统:
用户系统:
升级后的目录
对于其他的升级都是次要的 ,来重点讲解一下使用类型排序,首先我们分析到对于数据的排序是使用到方法Arrays.sort(),但是对于我们Book的排序呢,首先我深入研究了一下sort排序内部,发现 他是在依靠c来实现排序
以下代码为JDK内置排序原码
public static <T> void sort(T[] a, int fromIndex, int toIndex, Comparator<? super T> c) { if (c == null) { sort(a, fromIndex, toIndex); } else { rangeCheck(a.length, fromIndex, toIndex); if (LegacyMergeSort.userRequested) legacyMergeSort(a, fromIndex, toIndex, c); else TimSort.sort(a, fromIndex, toIndex, c, null, 0, 0); } }
我们进入Comparator来观察一下
我们发现它是一个接口 我来给大家解读一下
Compares its two arguments for order. Returns a negative integer, zero, or a positive integer as the first argument is less than, equal to, or greater than the second.
比较它的两个参数的顺序。当第一个参数小于、等于或大于第二个参数时,返回一个负整数、零或正整数。
我们可以得到 这个接口为一个公共接口比较器<T>,所以我们可以得到,通过类接入接口我们就可以做一个属于自己的比较器!有了以上分析 开搞
class A implements Comparator<Book> { @Override public int compare(Book o1, Book o2) { int a= o1.getType().compareTo(o2.getType()); return a; } }
搞好这个比较器类型就可以实现一下我们的图书整理功能了(使用书的其他类型也可以实现,可以加入多个比较器)
public class Finishing implements IOperation{ @Override public void work(BookList booklist) { A a=new A(); System.out.println("整理图书(按照类型)"); Arrays.sort(booklist.books,0,booklist.getBookSize(),a); System.out.println("整理完成!"); } }
这样便实现了我们的图书整理功能,再接入给管理员用户就可以使用啦
ps:其他功能实现起来非常简单,稍加分析即可写入 就不做讲解了,很多老铁想让我发一下所有源码,满足老铁们
源码 (更新后的)(绿色为包名,紫色为类,橙色为接口)
BookList
Book
package BoolList;
public class Book {
private String name;//书名
private String author;//作者
private String type;//类型
private int price;//价格
private boolean isBorrwed;//状态
public Book(String name, String author, int price , String type ) {
this.name = name;
this.author = author;
this.type = type;
this.price = price;
}
public String getType() {
return type;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public boolean isBorrwed() {
return isBorrwed;
}
public void setBorrwed(boolean borrwed) {
isBorrwed = borrwed;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Book{" +
"name='" + name + '\'' +
", author='" + author + '\'' +
", type='" + type + '\'' +
", price=" + price +
(isBorrwed==true?"已被借出":"未被借出")+
'}';
}
}
BookList
package BoolList;
public class BookList {
public Book[] books=new Book[10];
private int BookSize=0;
public BookList() {
books[0]=new Book("三国演义","罗贯中",17,"小说");
books[1]=new Book("西游记","吴承恩",47,"小说");
books[2]=new Book("水浒传","施耐庵",37,"小说");
BookSize=3;
}
public void setBooks(int pos,Book books) {
this.books[pos]=books;
}
public Book getBooks(int pos) {
return books[pos];
}
public int getBookSize() {
return BookSize;
}
public void setBookSize(int bookSize) {
BookSize = bookSize;
}
}
Main
Main
package Main;
import BoolList.Book;
import BoolList.BookList;
import User.*;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class Main {
public static User func(){
System.out.println("欢迎来到冰激凌图书馆!");
System.out.println("请问怎么称呼您?");
Scanner scanner=new Scanner(System.in);
String name=scanner.nextLine();
System.out.println("请问您的身份为? 1-》管理员 0-》普通用户");
int usersize=scanner.nextInt();
if(usersize==1){
return new Administratoruser(name);
}else {
return new Ordinaryuser(name);
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Needtoknow();
BookList bookList=new BookList();
User user=func();
while(true){
int count=user.mune();
user.dowork(count,bookList);
}
}
public static void Needtoknow(){
System.out.println("**************************");
System.out.println(" 入馆需知(新)");
System.out.println("本图书馆开放时间为9.00-24.00");
System.out.println("**************************");
}
}
Operation
IOperation
import BoolList.BookList;
public interface IOperation {
public void work(BookList booklist);
}
AddOperation
package Operation;
import BoolList.Book;
import BoolList.BookList;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class AddOperation implements IOperation {
@Override
public void work(BookList booklist) {
System.out.println("新增图书");
System.out.println("请输入图书的名字");
Scanner scanner=new Scanner(System.in);
String name=scanner.nextLine();
System.out.println("请输入图书的作者");
String author=scanner.nextLine();
System.out.println("请输入图书的类别");
String type=scanner.nextLine();
System.out.println("请输入图书的价格");
int price=scanner.nextInt();
Book book=new Book(name,author,price,type);
int size=booklist.getBookSize();
booklist.setBooks(size,book);
booklist.setBookSize(++size);
System.out.println("新增图书成功");
}
}
BorrowOperation
package Operation;
import BoolList.BookList;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class BorrowOperation implements IOperation{
@Override
public void work(BookList booklist) {
System.out.println("借阅图书");
System.out.println("请输入你要借阅的书名 例如:三国演义");
Scanner scanner=new Scanner(System.in);
String name=scanner.nextLine();
int siz=booklist.getBookSize();
for (int i = 0; i < siz; i++) {
if(name.equals(booklist.getBooks(i).getName())){
booklist.getBooks(i).setBorrwed(true);
System.out.println("成功借阅 ,现在图书信息如下:");
System.out.println(booklist.getBooks(i));
return ;
}
}
System.out.println("未找到你要查找的书!!!");
}
}
DelOperation
package Operation;
import BoolList.Book;
import BoolList.BookList;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class DelOperation implements IOperation{
@Override
public void work(BookList booklist) {
System.out.println("删除图书");
System.out.println("请输入你要删除的书名 例如:三国演义");
Scanner scanner=new Scanner(System.in);
String name=scanner.nextLine();
for (int i = 0; i < booklist.getBookSize();i++) {
if(name.equals(booklist.getBooks(i).getName())){
while(i<booklist.getBookSize()-1){
booklist.setBooks(i, booklist.getBooks(i+1));
i++;
}
booklist.setBooks(i,null);
booklist.setBookSize(i);
System.out.println("删除成功!");
return ;
}
}
System.out.println("未找到你要删除的书!");
}
}
DisOperation
package Operation;
import BoolList.Book;
import BoolList.BookList;
public class DisOperation implements IOperation{
@Override
public void work(BookList booklist) {
System.out.println("打印图书");
int ret= booklist.getBookSize();
for (int i = 0; i <ret ; i++) {
System.out.println(booklist.getBooks(i));
}
}
}
ExitOperation
package Operation;
import BoolList.Book;
import BoolList.BookList;
public class ExitOperation implements IOperation{
@Override
public void work(BookList booklist) {
System.out.println("退出登录");
System.exit(0);
}
}
FindOperation
package Operation;
import BoolList.Book;
import BoolList.BookList;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class FindOperation implements IOperation{
@Override
public void work(BookList booklist) {
System.out.println("查询图书");
System.out.println("请输入你要查找的书名 例如:三国演义");
Scanner scanner=new Scanner(System.in);
String name=scanner.nextLine();
for (int i = 0; i <booklist.getBookSize() ; i++) {
if(name.equals(booklist.getBooks(i).getName())){
System.out.println("找到了你要查找的书,信息如下:");
System.out.println(booklist.getBooks(i));
return ;
}
}
System.out.println("未找到你要查找的书!!!");
}
}
FindType
package Operation;
import BoolList.BookList;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class FindType implements IOperation{
@Override
public void work(BookList booklist) {
System.out.println("查询图书(类型查找)");
System.out.println("请输入你要查找的类型 例如:小说");
Scanner scanner=new Scanner(System.in);
String name=scanner.nextLine();
int flg=0;
System.out.println("查找信息如下:");
for (int i = 0; i <booklist.getBookSize() ; i++) {
if(name.equals(booklist.getBooks(i).getType())){
flg++;
System.out.println(booklist.getBooks(i));
}
}
if(flg==0){
System.out.println("暂无该类型的书!!!");
}
}
}
Notice
package Operation;
import BoolList.BookList;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class Notice implements IOperation{
@Override
public void work(BookList booklist) {
System.out.println("*****************************");
System.out.println("图书馆通知栏:");
System.out.println("热烈祝贺二十大的召开!");
System.out.println("国家图书馆第十八届文津图书奖正式启动");
System.out.println("本图书馆开放时间为9.00-24.00");
System.out.println("*****************************");
}
}
RetOperation
package Operation;
import BoolList.Book;
import BoolList.BookList;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class RetOperation implements IOperation{
@Override
public void work(BookList booklist) {
System.out.println("归还图书");
System.out.println("请输入你要归还的书名 例如:三国演义");
Scanner scanner=new Scanner(System.in);
String name=scanner.nextLine();
for (int i = 0; i <booklist.getBookSize() ; i++) {
if(name.equals(booklist.getBooks(i).getName())){
booklist.getBooks(i).setBorrwed(false);
System.out.println("归还成功!信息如下:");
System.out.println(booklist.getBooks(i));
return ;
}
}
System.out.println("本图书馆没有此书,归还失败");
}
}
Finishing
package Operation;
import BoolList.Book;
import BoolList.BookList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Comparator;
class A implements Comparator<Book> {
@Override
public int compare(Book o1, Book o2) {
int a= o1.getType().compareTo(o2.getType());
return a;
}
}
public class Finishing implements IOperation{
@Override
public void work(BookList booklist) {
A a=new A();
System.out.println("整理图书(按照类型)");
Arrays.sort(booklist.books,0,booklist.getBookSize(),a);
System.out.println("整理完成!");
}
}
user
User
package User;
import BoolList.Book;
import BoolList.BookList;
import Operation.IOperation;
public abstract class User {
protected String name;
protected IOperation[] iOperations;
public User(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public abstract int mune();
public void dowork(int pos, BookList book){
iOperations[pos].work(book);
}
}
Administratoruser
package User;
import Operation.*;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class Administratoruser extends User{
public Administratoruser(String name) {
super(name);
this.iOperations= new IOperation[]{
new ExitOperation(),
new FindOperation(),
new FindType(),
new AddOperation(),
new DelOperation(),
new DisOperation(),
new Finishing()
};
}
@Override
public int mune() {
System.out.println("hello 尊敬的管理员:"+this.name+" 欢迎来到冰激凌图书馆");
System.out.println("======================");
System.out.println("1.查阅图书");
System.out.println("2.类型查找(新)");
System.out.println("3.增加图书");
System.out.println("4.删除图书");
System.out.println("5.显示图书");
System.out.println("6.整理图书(新)");
System.out.println("0.退出登录");
System.out.println("======================");
System.out.println("请输入您的操作");
Scanner scanner=new Scanner(System.in);
int input=scanner.nextInt();
return input;
}
}
Ordinaryuser
package User;
import Operation.*;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class Ordinaryuser extends User {
public Ordinaryuser(String name){
super(name);
this.iOperations=new IOperation[]{
new ExitOperation(),
new FindType(),
new BorrowOperation(),
new RetOperation(),
new Notice(),
new DisOperation()
};
}
@Override
public int mune() {
System.out.println("=======用户菜单=======");
System.out.println("hello 尊敬用户:"+this.name+" 欢迎来到冰激凌图书馆");
System.out.println("1.查找图书(类型)(新)");
System.out.println("2.借阅图书");
System.out.println("3.归还图书");
System.out.println("4.查看通知(新)");
System.out.println("5.查看书架(新)");
System.out.println("0.退出登录");
System.out.println("====================");
System.out.println("请输入您的操作:");
Scanner scanner=new Scanner(System.in);
return scanner.nextInt();
}
}
好了 !再次感谢各位支持