大家好,我是失业在家,正在找工作的博主Jerry。今天给大家介绍一个能大大减少ASP.Net Minimal WebApi编码量的方法。
我们一般会把微服务的VO和DTO封装成消息类,并作为WebApi的Request和Response参数进行网络传递。
如果使用MediatR,我们封装的消息类就要实现 MediatR Contract 接口 IRequest<> 或者INotification, 例如我的代码如下:
namespace MediatRApplication.CategoryCRUD { public class CreateCategory : IRequest<CreateCategoryResult> { public string Message { get; set; } } public class CreateCategoryResult { public string Message { get; set; } } public class ReadCategory : IRequest<ReadCategoryResult> { public string Message { get; set; } } public class ReadCategoryResult { public string Message { get; set; } } public class UpdateCategory : IRequest<UpdateCategoryResult> { public string Message { get; set; } } public class UpdateCategoryResult { public string Message { get; set; } } public class DeleteCategory : IRequest { public string Message { get; set; } } }
如上代码是对Category业务实体进行CRUD操作封装的DTO消息类,每个消息类都实现了MediatR的IRequest接口。有了消息类,就可以对每个消息类编写处理器(Handler),以实现业务功能。
有了消息类,就需要为每个消息类创建WebApi接口,以实现消息的Request和Response。WebAPI接口中没有业务逻辑,只需要调用MediatR的Send方法将消息类发送给Handler即可。
但是,由于消息类比较多,一个一个创建WebApi接口是一件费时费力,并且容易出错的事情。作为一个架构师,是无法忍受程序员们干这些出力不讨好的事情的。
所以,为了项目,为了大家的Work Life Banlance, 我把创建WebApi这件事情减少成了一行代码。是的,你没看错,就是只要一行代码:
app.MapMediatorWebAPIs(typeof(CreateCategory).Assembly);
只要在ASP.Net Minimal API 项目的Progam文件中加入这一行代码,就可以把指定程序集中所有实现了IRequest<>和INotification的消息类自动生成WebAPI接口。
看起来很神奇,其实也不神奇。主要就是两个字:反射。还有泛型。
简单来说,就是在指定程序集中,通过反射查找那些类实现了IRequest<>或者INotification,然后在通过对泛型映射WebAPI方法的反射调用,为每个消息类生成WebApi接口。
Let me show you the code:
using MediatR; using MediatRApplication; using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc; using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration; using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging; using System.Reflection; using System.Xml.Linq; namespace MediatRWebAPI { public static class MediatorWebAPIExtensions { /// <summary> /// 扩展方法,为所有MediatR Contract 消息类创建WebAPI接口 /// </summary> /// <param name="app"></param> /// <param name="assemblies">Contract 消息类所在程序集</param> /// <returns></returns> public static IEndpointRouteBuilder MapMediatorWebAPIs(this IEndpointRouteBuilder app, params Assembly[] assemblies) { //为所有实现了IRequest<>的消息类创建WebAPI接口 Type genericRequestType = typeof(IRequest<>); var sendMethodInfo = typeof(MediatorWebAPIExtensions).GetMethod("MapMediatorSendApi", BindingFlags.NonPublic | BindingFlags.Static); foreach (var assembly in assemblies) { //获取该程序集中所有实现了IRequest<>的消息类类型 var requestTypes = assembly.GetTypes().Where(type => !type.IsInterface && type.GetInterfaces().Any(t => t.IsGenericType && t.GetGenericTypeDefinition() == genericRequestType)); foreach (var requestType in requestTypes) { //获取IRequest<>中尖括号中的泛型参数类型。 var responseType = requestType.GetInterfaces().First(t => t.IsGenericType && t.GetGenericTypeDefinition() == genericRequestType).GetGenericArguments().First(); //反射调用泛型映射WebApi方法 var genericMethod = sendMethodInfo.MakeGenericMethod(requestType, responseType); genericMethod.Invoke(null, new object[] { app, requestType.Name }); } } //为所有实现了INotification的消息类创建WebAAPI接口 Type genericNotificationType = typeof(INotification); var publishMethodInfo = typeof(MediatorWebAPIExtensions).GetMethod("MapMediatorPublishApi", BindingFlags.NonPublic | BindingFlags.Static); foreach (var assembly in assemblies) { //获取该程序集中所有实现了INotification的消息类类型 var requestTypes = assembly.GetTypes().Where(type => !type.IsInterface && genericNotificationType.IsAssignableFrom(type)); foreach (var requestType in requestTypes) { //反射调用泛型映射WebApi方法 var genericMethod = publishMethodInfo.MakeGenericMethod(requestType); genericMethod.Invoke(null, new object[] { app, requestType.Name }); } } return app; } /// <summary> /// 为实现了IRequest<>的消息类为映射为WebAPI接口,根据消息类名称生成对应的CRUDD Http Method。 /// </summary> /// <typeparam name="TRequest"></typeparam> /// <typeparam name="TResponse"></typeparam> /// <param name="app"></param> /// <param name="requestTypeName"></param> internal static void MapMediatorSendApi<TRequest, TResponse>(IEndpointRouteBuilder app, string requestTypeName) where TRequest : IRequest<TResponse> { if (requestTypeName.StartsWith("Create")) //Http Post { var uri = new Uri(requestTypeName.Replace("Create", ""), UriKind.Relative); app.MapPost(uri.ToString(), async ([FromServices] IMediator mediator, [FromBody] TRequest request) => { TResponse response = await mediator.Send(request); return Results.Created(uri, response); }).WithName(requestTypeName).WithOpenApi(); } else if (requestTypeName.StartsWith("Read")) //Http Get { var uri = new Uri(requestTypeName.Replace("Read", ""), UriKind.Relative); app.MapGet(uri.ToString(), async ([FromServices] IMediator mediator, [FromBody] TRequest request) => { TResponse response = await mediator.Send(request); return Results.Ok(response); }).WithName(requestTypeName).WithOpenApi(); } else if (requestTypeName.StartsWith("Update")) //Http Put { var uri = new Uri(requestTypeName.Replace("Update", ""), UriKind.Relative); app.MapPut(uri.ToString(), async ([FromServices] IMediator mediator, [FromBody] TRequest request) => { TResponse response = await mediator.Send(request); return Results.Ok(response); }).WithName(requestTypeName).WithOpenApi(); } else if (requestTypeName.StartsWith("Delete")) //Http Delete { var uri = new Uri(requestTypeName.Replace("Delete", ""), UriKind.Relative); app.MapDelete(uri.ToString(), async ([FromServices] IMediator mediator, [FromBody] TRequest request) => { TResponse response = await mediator.Send(request); return Results.NoContent(); }).WithName(requestTypeName).WithOpenApi(); } else //如不匹配则生成MediatR Send WebAPI接口 { app.MapPost("/mediatr/send/" + requestTypeName, async ([FromServices] IMediator mediator, [FromBody] TRequest request) => { TResponse response = await mediator.Send(request); return Results.Ok(response); }).WithName(requestTypeName).WithOpenApi(); } } /// <summary> /// 为实现了INotification的消息类映射WebAPI接口。 /// </summary> /// <typeparam name="TNotification"></typeparam> /// <param name="app"></param> /// <param name="requestTypeName"></param> internal static void MapMediatorPublishApi<TNotification>(IEndpointRouteBuilder app, string requestTypeName) where TNotification : INotification { app.MapPost("/mediatr/publish/" + requestTypeName, async ([FromServices] IMediator mediator, [FromBody] TNotification notification) => { await mediator.Publish(notification); return Results.Ok(); }).WithName(requestTypeName).WithOpenApi(); } } }
如上就是实现这个功能的所有代码,为了让大家看明白,我加了很多注释。如果哪位小伙伴还不明白就在下面留言。这些代码最难的地方就是对于泛型接口的处理。
我的示例项目如下,代码已经上传到了GitHub :iamxiaozhuang/MediatRWebAPI (github.com) 大家随便用。