浅谈Java HttpURLConnection请求方式

时间：2022-03-25 03:39:19

一）URL代理请求 ​

该方式请求有两种代理方式。

方式一：使用该方式代理之后，之后的所有接口都会使用代理请求

?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
// 对http开启全局代理
System.setProperty("http.proxyHost", "192.168.1.1");
System.setProperty("http.proxyPort", "80");
 
// 对https开启全局代理
System.setProperty("https.proxyHost", "192.168.1.1");
System.setProperty("https.proxyPort", "80");

方式二：适用于只有部分接口需要代理请求场景

?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Proxy proxy = new Proxy(Type.HTTP, new InetSocketAddress("192.168.1.1", 80));
HttpURLConnection conn = null;
try {
  URL url = new URL("http://localhost:8080/ouyangjun");
  conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection(proxy);
} catch (MalformedURLException e) {
  e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
  e.printStackTrace();
}

二）无参数GET请求

方法解析：

HttpGetUtils.doGetNoParameters(String requestURL, String proxyHost, Integer proxyPort);

requestURL：请求路径，必填

proxyHost：代理IP，即服务器代理地址，可为null

proxyPort：代理端口，可为null

说明：一般本地测试几乎是不会用代理的，只有服务器用代理方式请求比较多。

实现源码：

?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
package com.ouyangjun.wechat.utils;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.Proxy;
import java.net.Proxy.Type;
import java.net.URL;
 
/**
 * http请求工具类
 * @author ouyangjun
 */
public class HttpGetUtils {
 
  /**
   * http get请求, 不带参数
   * @param requestURL
   * @param method
   * @return
   */
  public static String doGetNoParameters(String requestURL, String proxyHost, Integer proxyPort) {
    // 记录信息
    StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer();
 
    HttpURLConnection conn = null;
    try {
      URL url = new URL(requestURL);
      // 判断是否需要代理模式请求http
      if (proxyHost != null && proxyPort != null) {
        // 如果是本机自己测试, 不需要代理请求,但发到服务器上的时候需要代理请求
        // 对http开启全局代理
        //System.setProperty("http.proxyHost", proxyHost);
        //System.setProperty("http.proxyPort", proxyPort);
        // 对https开启全局代理
        //System.setProperty("https.proxyHost", proxyHost);
        //System.setProperty("https.proxyPort", proxyPort);
  
        // 代理访问http请求
        Proxy proxy = new Proxy(Type.HTTP, new InetSocketAddress(proxyHost, proxyPort));
        conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection(proxy);
      } else {
        // 原生访问http请求，未代理请求
        conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
      }
  
      // 设置请求的属性
      conn.setDoOutput(true); // 是否可以输出
      conn.setRequestMethod("GET"); // 请求方式, 只包含"GET", "POST", "HEAD", "OPTIONS", "PUT", "DELETE", "TRACE"六种
      conn.setConnectTimeout(60000); // 最高超时时间
      conn.setReadTimeout(60000); // 最高读取时间
      conn.setConnectTimeout(60000); // 最高连接时间
  
      // 读取数据
      InputStream is = null;
      InputStreamReader inputReader = null;
      BufferedReader reader = null;
      try {
        is = conn.getInputStream();
        inputReader = new InputStreamReader(is, "UTF-8");
        reader = new BufferedReader(inputReader);
  
        String temp;
        while ((temp = reader.readLine()) != null) {
          buffer.append(temp);
        }
      } catch (Exception e) {
        System.out.println("HttpGetUtils doGetNoParameters error: " + e);
      } finally {
        try {
          if (reader != null) {
            reader.close();
          }
          if (inputReader != null) {
            inputReader.close();
          }
          if (is != null) {
            is.close();
          }
        } catch (IOException e) {
          System.out.println("HttpGetUtils doGetNoParameters error: " + e);
        }
      }
    } catch (MalformedURLException e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
    } catch (IOException e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
    } finally {
      // 当http连接空闲时, 释放资源
      if (conn != null) {
        conn.disconnect();
      }
    }
    // 返回信息
    return buffer.length()==0 ? "" : buffer.toString();
  }
}

三）带参数POST请求

方法解析：

HttpPostUtils.doPost(String requestURL, String params, String proxyHost, Integer proxyPort);

requestURL：请求路径，必填

params：请求参数，必填，数据格式为JSON

proxyHost：代理IP，即服务器代理地址，可为null

proxyPort：代理端口，可为null

说明：一般本地测试几乎是不会用代理的，只有服务器用代理方式请求比较多。

实现源码：

?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
package com.ouyangjun.wechat.utils;
 
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.Proxy;
import java.net.Proxy.Type;
import java.net.URL;
 
/**
 * http请求工具类
 * @author ouyangjun
 */
public class HttpPostUtils {
 
  /**
   * http post请求, 带参数
   * @param requestURL
   * @param params
   * @return
   */
  public static String doPost(String requestURL, String params, String proxyHost, Integer proxyPort) {
    // 记录信息
    StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer();
 
    HttpURLConnection conn = null;
    try {
      URL url = new URL(requestURL);
      // 判断是否需要代理模式请求http
      if (proxyHost != null && proxyPort != null) {
        // 如果是本机自己测试, 不需要代理请求,但发到服务器上的时候需要代理请求
        // 对http开启全局代理
        //System.setProperty("http.proxyHost", proxyHost);
        //System.setProperty("http.proxyPort", proxyPort);
        // 对https开启全局代理
        //System.setProperty("https.proxyHost", proxyHost);
        //System.setProperty("https.proxyPort", proxyPort);
  
        // 代理访问http请求
        Proxy proxy = new Proxy(Type.HTTP, new InetSocketAddress(proxyHost, proxyPort));
        conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection(proxy);
      } else {
        // 原生访问http请求，未代理请求
        conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
      }
  
      // 设置请求的属性
      conn.setDoOutput(true); // 是否可以输出
      conn.setRequestMethod("POST"); // 请求方式, 只包含"GET", "POST", "HEAD", "OPTIONS", "PUT", "DELETE", "TRACE"六种
      conn.setConnectTimeout(60000); // 最高超时时间
      conn.setReadTimeout(60000); // 最高读取时间
      conn.setConnectTimeout(60000); // 最高连接时间
  
      conn.setDoInput(true); // 是否可以输入
      if (params != null) {
        // 设置参数为json格式
        conn.setRequestProperty("Content-type", "application/json");
  
        // 写入参数信息
        OutputStream os = conn.getOutputStream();
        try {
          os.write(params.getBytes("UTF-8"));
        } catch (Exception e) {
          System.out.println("HttpPostUtils doPost error: " + e);
        } finally {
          try {
            if (os != null) {
              os.close();
            }
          } catch (IOException e) {
            System.out.println("HttpPostUtils doPost error: " + e);
          }
        }
      }
  
      // 读取数据
      InputStream is = null;
      InputStreamReader inputReader = null;
      BufferedReader reader = null;
      try {
        is = conn.getInputStream();
        inputReader = new InputStreamReader(is, "UTF-8");
        reader = new BufferedReader(inputReader);
  
        String temp;
        while ((temp = reader.readLine()) != null) {
          buffer.append(temp);
        }
      } catch (Exception e) {
        System.out.println("HttpPostUtils doPost error: " + e);
      } finally {
        try {
          if (reader != null) {
            reader.close();
          }
          if (inputReader != null) {
            inputReader.close();
          }
          if (is != null) {
            is.close();
          }
        } catch (IOException e) {
          System.out.println("HttpPostUtils doPost error: " + e);
        }
      }
    } catch (MalformedURLException e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
    } catch (IOException e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
    } finally {
      // 当http连接空闲时, 释放资源
      if (conn != null) {
        conn.disconnect();
      }
    }
    // 返回信息
    return buffer.length()==0 ? "" : buffer.toString();
  }
}

四）Http模拟测试

本案例是使用了微信公众号两个接口作为了测试案例。

appID和appsecret需要申请了微信公众号才能获取到。

?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
package com.ouyangjun.wechat.test;
import com.ouyangjun.wechat.utils.HttpGetUtils;
import com.ouyangjun.wechat.utils.HttpPostUtils;
 
public class TestHttp {
 
  private final static String WECHAT_APPID=""; // appid, 需申请微信公众号才能拿到
  private final static String WECHAT_APPSECRET=""; // appsecret, 需申请微信公众号才能拿到
 
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    // 获取微信公众号token
    getWeChatToken();
 
    // 修改用户备注信息
    String token = "31_1uw5em_HrgkfXok6drZkDZLKsBfbNJr9WTdzdkc_Tdat-9tpOezWsNI6tBMkyPe_zDHjErIS1r0dgnTpT5bfKXcASShJVhPqumivRP21PvQe3Cbfztgs1IL2Jpy7kw3Y09bC1urlWzDA52mtEDGcADAVUX";
    String openid = "oCh4n0-6JKQpJgBOPA5tytoYb0VY";
    updateUserRemark(token, openid);
  }
 
  /**
   * 根据appid和appsecret获取微信token，返回json格式数据，需自行解析
   * @return
   */
  public static String getWeChatToken() {
    String requestURL = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/token?grant_type=client_credential&appid="+WECHAT_APPID+"&secret="+WECHAT_APPSECRET;
 
    String token = HttpGetUtils.doGetNoParameters(requestURL, null, null);
    System.out.println("wechat token: " + token);
    return token;
  }
 
  /**
   * 修改用户备注，返回json格式数据，需自行解析
   * @param token
   * @param openid
   * @return
   */
  public static String updateUserRemark(String token, String openid) {
    String reuqestURL = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/user/info/updateremark?access_token="+token;
    // 封装json参数
    String jsonParams = "{\"openid\":\""+openid+"\",\"remark\":\"oysept\"}";
 
    String msg = HttpPostUtils.doPost(reuqestURL, jsonParams, null, null);
    System.out.println("msg: " + msg);
    return jsonParams;
  }
}

补充知识：Java HttpURLConnection post set params 设置请求参数的三种方法 实践总结

我就废话不多说了，大家还是直接看代码吧~

?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
/**
 * the first way to set params
 * OutputStream
 */
 
byte[] bytesParams = paramsStr.getBytes();
// 发送请求params参数
OutputStream outStream=connection.getOutputStream();
outStream.write(bytesParams);
outStream.flush();
 
/**
 * the second way to set params
 * PrintWriter
 */
 
 PrintWriter printWriter = new PrintWriter(connection.getOutputStream());
//PrintWriter printWriter = new PrintWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(connection.getOutputStream(),"UTF-8"));
// 发送请求params参数
printWriter.write(paramsStr);
printWriter.flush();
 
/**
 * the third way to set params
 * OutputStreamWriter
 */
OutputStreamWriter out = new OutputStreamWriter(
    connection.getOutputStream(), "UTF-8");
// 发送请求params参数
out.write(paramsStr);
out.flush();

demo：

?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
/**
  * @param pathurl
  * @param paramsStr
  * @return
  */
 private static String postUrlBackStr(String pathurl, String paramsStr) {
   String backStr = "";
   InputStream inputStream = null;
   ByteArrayOutputStream baos = null;
   try {
     URL url = new URL(pathurl);
     HttpURLConnection connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
     // 设定请求的方法为"POST"，默认是GET
     connection.setRequestMethod("POST");
     connection.setConnectTimeout(50000);
     connection.setReadTimeout(50000);
    // User-Agent IE11 的标识
     connection.setRequestProperty("User-Agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.3; Trident/7.0;rv:11.0)like Gecko");
     connection.setRequestProperty("Accept-Language", "zh-CN");
     connection.setRequestProperty("Connection", "Keep-Alive");
     connection.setRequestProperty("Charset", "UTF-8");
     /**
      * 当我们要获取我们请求的http地址访问的数据时就是使用connection.getInputStream().read()方式时我们就需要setDoInput(true)，
      根据api文档我们可知doInput默认就是为true。我们可以不用手动设置了，如果不需要读取输入流的话那就setDoInput(false)。
 
      当我们要采用非get请求给一个http网络地址传参 就是使用connection.getOutputStream().write() 方法时我们就需要setDoOutput(true), 默认是false
      */
     // 设置是否从httpUrlConnection读入，默认情况下是true;
     connection.setDoInput(true);
     // 设置是否向httpUrlConnection输出，如果是post请求，参数要放在http正文内，因此需要设为true, 默认是false;
     connection.setDoOutput(true);
     connection.setUseCaches(false);
 
     /**
      * the first way to set params
      * OutputStream
      */
    /*  byte[] bytesParams = paramsStr.getBytes();
     // 发送请求params参数
     OutputStream outStream=connection.getOutputStream();
     outStream.write(bytesParams);
     outStream.flush();
     */
 
     /**
      * the second way to set params
      * PrintWriter
      */
     /* PrintWriter printWriter = new PrintWriter(connection.getOutputStream());
     //PrintWriter printWriter = new PrintWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(connection.getOutputStream(),"UTF-8"));
     // 发送请求params参数
     printWriter.write(paramsStr);
     printWriter.flush();*/
 
     /**
      * the third way to set params
      * OutputStreamWriter
      */
     OutputStreamWriter out = new OutputStreamWriter(
         connection.getOutputStream(), "UTF-8");
     // 发送请求params参数
     out.write(paramsStr);
     out.flush();
 
 
     connection.connect();//
     int contentLength = connection.getContentLength();
     if (connection.getResponseCode() == 200) {
       inputStream = connection.getInputStream();//会隐式调用connect()
       baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
       int readLen;
       byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
       while ((readLen = inputStream.read(bytes)) != -1) {
         baos.write(bytes, 0, readLen);
       }
       backStr = baos.toString();
       Log.i(TAG, "backStr:" + backStr);
 
     } else {
       Log.e(TAG, "请求失败 code:" + connection.getResponseCode());
     }
 
   } catch (MalformedURLException e) {
     e.printStackTrace();
   } catch (IOException e) {
     e.printStackTrace();
   } finally {
     try {
       if (baos != null) {
         baos.close();
       }
       if (inputStream != null) {
         inputStream.close();
       }
     } catch (IOException e) {
       e.printStackTrace();
     }
   }
   return backStr;
 }

以上这篇浅谈Java HttpURLConnection请求方式就是小编分享给大家的全部内容了，希望能给大家一个参考，也希望大家多多支持服务器之家。

原文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/p812438109/article/details/105105188

标签：

相关文章