python中set常用操作汇总

sets 支持 x in set, len(set),和 for x in set。作为一个无序的集合，sets不记录元素位置或者插入点。因此，sets不支持 indexing, slicing, 或其它类序列（sequence-like）的操作。 

下面我们通过几个例子，来简单说明下

常用操作1

In [2]: a = set()

In [3]: a
Out[3]: set()

In [4]: type(a)
Out[4]: set

In [5]: b = set([1, 3])

In [6]: b
Out[6]: {1, 3}

In [7]: type(b)
Out[7]: set

In [8]: b.update(2)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TypeError                 Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-8-d51e2fe4c50a> in <module>()
----> 1 b.update(2)

TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable

In [9]: b.update({2})

In [10]: b
Out[10]: {1, 2, 3}

In [11]: b.update([4])

In [12]: b
Out[12]: {1, 2, 3, 4}

In [13]: a.di
a.difference     a.difference_update a.discard

In [13]: a.dif
a.difference     a.difference_update

In [13]: a.difference(b)
Out[13]: set()

In [14]: a
Out[14]: set()

In [15]: b.difference(a)
Out[15]: {1, 2, 3, 4}

In [16]:

常用操作2

In [16]: a.add({1, 3})
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TypeError                 Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-16-98cdf4d0875e> in <module>()
----> 1 a.add({1, 3})

TypeError: unhashable type: 'set'

In [17]: a.add(4)

In [18]: a
Out[18]: {4}

In [19]: a.issu
a.issubset  a.issuperset

In [19]: a.issubset(b)
Out[19]: True

In [20]: a.remove(4)

In [21]: a
Out[21]: set()

In [22]: a.union(b)
Out[22]: {1, 2, 3, 4}

In [23]: a
Out[23]: set()

In [24]: b
Out[24]: {1, 2, 3, 4}

In [25]: b.pop()
Out[25]: 1

In [26]: a.copy(b)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TypeError                 Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-26-9e8a5f057ffd> in <module>()
----> 1 a.copy(b)

TypeError: copy() takes no arguments (1 given)

In [27]: a.copy()
Out[27]: set()

In [28]: c = a.copy()

In [29]: c
Out[29]: set()

In [30]: a
Out[30]: set()

In [31]: a.add({234})
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TypeError                 Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-31-6073e02d68a9> in <module>()
----> 1 a.add({234})

TypeError: unhashable type: 'set'

In [32]: a.add(234)

In [33]: c
Out[33]: set()

In [34]: a
Out[34]: {234}

常用操作3

In [35]: a.clear()

In [36]: a
Out[36]: set()

In [39]: a = {1}

In [40]: b = {1, 2}

In [41]: a.intersection(b)
Out[41]: {1}

In [43]: a
Out[43]: {1}

In [44]: b = {1, 2, 3}

In [45]: a.union(b)
Out[45]: {1, 2, 3}

In [45]: a.union(b)
Out[45]: {1, 2, 3}

In [46]: a & b
Out[46]: {1}

In [47]: a ^ b
Out[47]: {2, 3}

In [48]: a - b
Out[48]: set()

In [49]: b - a
Out[49]: {2, 3}

In [50]: a > b
Out[50]: False

In [51]: b > a
Out[51]: True

In [52]: a == b
Out[52]: False

In [53]: a != b
Out[53]: True