新概念第一册41~50单元学习笔记

Chapter forty-one：Penny's bag

Dialogue

Is that bag heavy,Penny?
Not very  #口语回答常把主谓宾省略，只剩下一个副词、一个副词词组或一个动词不定式短语等，这里省略主语It is not
Here!Put it on this chair.  #it指开头的bag，没有扶手的用On，有扶手的用In；
what's in it?  #当你不知道里面有多少时，用is而不是are

A piece of cheese
A loaf of bread
A bar of soap
A bar of chocolate
A bottle of milk
A pound of sugar
Half a pound of coffee
A quarter of a pound of tea
And a tin of tobacco
Is that tin of tobacco for me?  #for 给……/为……，后面接名词或代词宾格
Well,it's certainly not for me!  #certainly=of course = surely(美国常用)

不可数名词使用规则

1. 不可数名词前面不能直接加冠词a/an
2. 不可数名词前面可以用some/any

1. some多用在肯定句中，可以修饰复数可数名词，也可以修饰不可数名词
2. any多用在否定句和疑问句中，可以修饰复数可数名词，也可以修饰不可数名词
3. 在表示邀请和希望对方给予肯定回答的疑问句中也要用some

3. 不可数名词前面+some后，名词保持单数不变​

Vocabulary

Chapter forty-two：Is there a/any ... in/on that ...?

Practice

Is(不可数系动词用单数) there any milk(不可数) in the bottle?Yes,there is

Is there a spoon（可数） on the plate? Yes,there is

Is there a tie on the chair?Yes ,there is

any用于疑问句，some用于肯定句

Is there any tea here?Yes,there is.There is some on the table

Is there a vase here ?Yes,there is.There is one on the radio

Is there any sugar on the desk?No,there isn't some sugar.There is some chaocolate

Chapter forty-three：Hurry up! #祈使句

Dialogue

Can u make the tea,sam?
Yes, of course I can,Penny

Is there any water in this kettle? #water是不可数名词，疑问句中选择any，肯定句选择some
Yes,there is

Where's the tea?  #tea是不可数名词，where后面用is
# behind一般指方位是在……后和in front of反义；after是时间或者顺序的先后和before是反义词
It's over there,behind the teapot  

Can u see it?
I can see the tepot,but I can't see the tea

There it is!It's in front of you!
Ah yes, I can see it now

Where are the cups?
THere are some in the cupboard

Can you find them?
Yes,here they are

Hurry up,Sam!
The kettrle's boiling

可数不可数名词区分

Vocabulary

Chapter forty-four：

Practice

Some做了一个借代，它代表bread（不可数）因此用some

Is there any hammers that box?Yes,there is.There is some behind that box 

Is there any mike? Yes,there is. There is some in front of door

Is there any newspapers?Yes,there is. There is some behind that vase

soap是不可数的，但是前面bars是可数名词，因此be用复数形式

There is some water in those glasses

There is some tea in those cup

Chapter forty-five：The boss's letter

Dialogue

Can you come here a minute please, Bob?  #can是情态动词，疑问句时位于句首
Yes, sir?

Where's pemela?
She's next door. She's her office,sir

Can she type this letter for me? Ask her please  #ask sb to do sth
Yes, sir

Can you type this letter for the boss please, Pamela?
Yes, of course I can

Here you are
Thank you,Bob

Bob!
Yes? What's the matter?
I can't type this letter

I can't read it! The boss's handwriting is terrible!  #boss's handwriting老板的书写，因为BOSS是有生命的所以是's

Vocabulary

情态动词

系动词会有人称和数的变化

Chapter foty-six：Can you ...? #情态动词的疑问句和回答

Vocabulary

Practice

I can put my hat on, but I can't put my coat on

I can see that plane, but I can't see a bird

I can paint this bookcase, but I can't paint this room

I can read this book, but I can't read that magazine

I can jump off this box, but I can't jump off that wall

I can make  cakes, but I can't make biscuits

I can put the vase on this table, but I can't put the vase on that shelf

Chapter foty-seven：A cup of coffee

Dialogue

Do u like coffee,Ann? #like更委婉，点菜的时候尽可能用这个
Yes, I do

Do u want a cup?  #动词分为及物和不及物，及物后面要加名词或名词性短语做宾语。like/want属于及物动词，前者更委婉
Yes,please,christine

Do u want any sugar?
Yes,please

Do u want any milk
No,thank u
I don't like milk in my coffee
I like black coffee

Do u like biscuits?
Yes,I do

Do u want one?  #one不定代词，指前面的biscuits,避免重复
Yes,please

一般现在时

主语+系统词

主语+动词

Chapter foty-eight：Do you like/want ...?

Practice

Do u like butter?Yes, I do. Do u want any butter?No,I don't

Do u like honey?Yes,I do. Do u want any honey？No,I don't

Do u like bananas?Yes,I do. Do u want any bananas?No,I don't

Do u like jam?Yes, I do. Do u want any jam?No,I don't

Do u like oranges?Yes,I do. Do u want any oranges?No,I don't

Do u like ice cream?Yes,I do. Do u want any ice cream?No,I don't

Do u like whisky?Yes,I do. Do u want any whisky?No, I don't

Do u like apples?Yes,I do. Do u want any apples? No, I don't

Vocabulary

Chapter foty-nine：At the butcher's

Dialogue

Do u want any meat today?Mrs.Bird?
Yes,please

Do u want beef or lamb?  #or形成选择疑问句，or前升调or后降调
beef,please

This lamb's very good.I like lamb, but my husband doesn't  #but连接的并列句，省略之前语句中的相同谓语和宾语

What about some steak?This is a nice piece
Give me that piece,please

And a pound of mince,too  #too常用语肯定句，有时用于疑问句，但是不能用于否定句！！！

Do u want a chicken,Mrs.Bird?They are very nice
No,thank you

My husband likes steak, but he doesn't like chicken

To tell u the trush,Mrs.Bird,I don't like chicken either!  #either用于否定句

Vocabulary

Chapter fifty：He likes... but he doesn't like ...

Vocabulary

Practice

Doesn't Sam like cabbages?Yes,he does.He like cabbages,but he doesn't want any

Do u like lettuces?Yes,I do. I like lettuces, but I don't want any 

Does Mrs.White like peas?Yes,she does.She like pea, but she doesn't want any

Do u like bean?Yes,I do. I like bean, but I don't want any

Mrs.Bird likes apples, but I don't.What do u like? I like pears

George doesn't likes pech, but I do.What does he like? he likes grapaes

George does likes grapes, but I don't. what do u like? I like pechs