Strut2判断是否是AJAX调用
1. AJAX与传统Form表单
实际上,两者一般都是通过HTTP的POST请求。区别是浏览器提交Form表单后,期望服务器返回一个完整的HTML页面。而AJAX调用是由XMLHttpRequest对象(不同浏览器可能不一样)发出,浏览器期望服务器返回HTML片段即可,具体是JSON、XML等都没有要求。返回到浏览器后如何使用,也是由JS脚本自己决定的。
2. 请求是不是AJAX
那么对于服务器端,如何判断一个HTTP请求是不是AJAX调用?这需要看HTTP的Header。
我们可以通过Header中的x-request-with来判断。尽管不同浏览器发送AJAX请求的对象不同,但是如果使用jQuery发送AJAX请求的话,jQuery内部实现ajax的时候,已经加入了标识。jQuery源码中是这样的:xhr.setRequestHeader("X-Requested-With","XMLHttpRequest");
所以,如果项目的前台页面都是通过jQuery发送AJAX请求的话,这样判断是安全的。
下面是HTTP请求携带的Header信息。
普通Form表单提交
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===MimeHeaders ===
accept = */*
referer =http://localhost:8080/user2/toQueryPage.action
accept-language = zh-CN
user-agent = Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE8.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/4.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; Media Center PC 6.0; InfoPath.3; .NET4.0C;.NET4.0E)
accept-encoding = gzip, deflate
host = localhost:8080
connection = Keep-Alive
cache-control = no-cache
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AJAX调用(IE)
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===MimeHeaders ===
x-requested-with = XMLHttpRequest
accept-language = zh-cn
referer =http://localhost:8080/user2/toQueryPage.action
accept = application/json, text/javascript,*/*; q=0.01
content-type =application/x-www-form-urlencoded
accept-encoding = gzip, deflate
user-agent = Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE8.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/4.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; Media Center PC 6.0; InfoPath.3; .NET4.0C;.NET4.0E)
host = localhost:8080
content-length = 57
connection = Keep-Alive
cache-control = no-cache
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3. 在Action中获得HTTP请求头
在Action类中,通过ServletRequestAware接口获得HttpServletRequest对象,再通过getHeader方法得到我们想要的头信息。
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public abstract class BaseAction
<ParamVo extends BaseParamVo, ResultVo extends BaseResultVo>
extends ActionSupport
implements ServletRequestAware {
private static final String AJAX_RESULT_NAME = "ajaxResult" ;
private static final String XHR_OBJECT_NAME = "XMLHttpRequest" ;
private static final String HEADER_REQUEST_WITH = "x-requested-with" ;
/**
* Request对象,用来判断请求是否是AJAX调用
*/
private HttpServletRequest request;
private ParamVo paramVo;
private ResultVo resultVo;
@Override
public String execute() {
String resultPage = SUCCESS;
try {
resultVo = doExecute(paramVo);
}
catch (BaseException e) {
resultPage = ERROR;
}
if (XHR_OBJECT_NAME.equals(request.getHeader(HEADER_REQUEST_WITH))) {
resultPage = AJAX_RESULT_NAME;
}
return resultPage;
}
}
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Struts2性能调优拦截器
当我们在工作中需要实现某些小需求时,不妨先进行下简单的调研,看看正在使用的开源框架是否已经具备了我们需要的功能,这样就不用重复发明*了。
下面以性能测试为例,看看如何调查Struts2框架是否具备这种功能。
1. struts-default.xml
因为Struts2的许多核心功能都是基于内部拦截器来实现的,所以我们首先要看看它是否有性能调优相关的拦截器。这就需要查看strut2-core-2.3.1.2.jar中的默认配置文件struts-default.xml了。
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< span style = "white-space:pre" > </ span >< interceptor name = "alias" class = "com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.AliasInterceptor" />
< interceptor name = "autowiring" class = "com.opensymphony.xwork2.spring.interceptor.ActionAutowiringInterceptor" />
< interceptor name = "chain" class = "com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ChainingInterceptor" />
< interceptor name = "conversionError" class = "org.apache.struts2.interceptor.StrutsConversionErrorInterceptor" />
< interceptor name = "cookie" class = "org.apache.struts2.interceptor.CookieInterceptor" />
< interceptor name = "clearSession" class = "org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ClearSessionInterceptor" />
< interceptor name = "createSession" class = "org.apache.struts2.interceptor.CreateSessionInterceptor" />
< interceptor name = "debugging" class = "org.apache.struts2.interceptor.debugging.DebuggingInterceptor" />
< interceptor name = "execAndWait" class = "org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ExecuteAndWaitInterceptor" />
< interceptornameinterceptorname = "exception" class = "com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ExceptionMappingInterceptor" />
< interceptor name = "fileUpload" class = "org.apache.struts2.interceptor.FileUploadInterceptor" />
< interceptor name = "i18n" class = "com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.I18nInterceptor" />
< interceptor name = "logger" class = "com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.LoggingInterceptor" />
< interceptor name = "modelDriven" class = "com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ModelDrivenInterceptor" />
< interceptor name = "scopedModelDriven" class = "com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ScopedModelDrivenInterceptor" />
< interceptor name = "params" class = "com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ParametersInterceptor" />
< interceptor name = "actionMappingParams" class = "org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ActionMappingParametersInteceptor" />
< interceptor name = "prepare" class = "com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.PrepareInterceptor" />
< interceptor name = "staticParams" class = "com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.StaticParametersInterceptor" />
< interceptor name = "scope" class = "org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ScopeInterceptor" />
< interceptor name = "servletConfig" class = "org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ServletConfigInterceptor" />
< interceptor name = "timer" class = "com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.TimerInterceptor" />
< interceptor name = "token" class = "org.apache.struts2.interceptor.TokenInterceptor" />
< interceptor name = "tokenSession" class = "org.apache.struts2.interceptor.TokenSessionStoreInterceptor" />
< interceptor name = "validation" class = "org.apache.struts2.interceptor.validation.AnnotationValidationInterceptor" />
< interceptor name = "workflow" class = "com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.DefaultWorkflowInterceptor" />
< interceptor name = "store" class = "org.apache.struts2.interceptor.MessageStoreInterceptor" />
< interceptor name = "checkbox" class = "org.apache.struts2.interceptor.CheckboxInterceptor" />
< interceptor name = "profiling" class = "org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ProfilingActivationInterceptor" />
< interceptor name = "roles" class = "org.apache.struts2.interceptor.RolesInterceptor" />
< interceptor name = "annotationWorkflow" class = "com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.annotations.AnnotationWorkflowInterceptor" />
< interceptor name = "multiselect" class = "org.apache.struts2.interceptor.MultiselectInterceptor" />
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Struts2像个百宝箱一样内置了很多拦截器,可以看到profiling很可能就是符合我们需求的拦截器,那现在就打开源码一探究竟。
2. ProfilingActivationInterceptor
org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ProfilingActivationInterceptor.java
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public class ProfilingActivationInterceptor extendsAbstractInterceptor {
private String profilingKey = "profiling" ;
private boolean devMode;
@Inject (StrutsConstants.STRUTS_DEVMODE)
public void setDevMode(String mode) {
this .devMode = "true" .equals(mode);
}
@Override
public String intercept(ActionInvocationinvocation) throws Exception {
if (devMode) {
Object val =invocation.getInvocationContext().getParameters().get(profilingKey);
if (val != null ) {
String sval = (val instanceof String ?(String)val : ((String[])val)[ 0 ]);
boolean enable = "yes" .equalsIgnoreCase(sval)|| "true" .equalsIgnoreCase(sval);
UtilTimerStack.setActive(enable);
invocation.getInvocationContext().getParameters().remove(profilingKey);
}
}
return invocation.invoke();
}
}
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从源码中可以看到,只要浏览器发过来的HTTP请求参数中包含profiling=true或者yes,性能拦截器就会开启Timer工具类,打印出Action的执行消耗时间。
3. struts.xml
因为profiling拦截器没有包含到默认的defaultStack中,所以我们要先将它追加到我们自定义的拦截器栈中。
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< package name = "ajax-default" extends = "velocity-default" >
< result-types >
< result-type name = "json" class = "org.apache.struts2.json.JSONResult" />
</ result-types >
< interceptors >
< interceptor-stacknameinterceptor-stackname = "ajaxInterceptorStack" >
< interceptor-refnameinterceptor-refname = "defaultStack" />
< interceptor-ref name = "profiling" />
</ interceptor-stack >
</ interceptors >
< default-interceptor-refnamedefault-interceptor-refname = "ajaxInterceptorStack" />
< global-results >
< result name = "comAjaxResult" type = "json" >
< param name = "excludeNullProperties" >true</ param >
< param name = "root" >result</ param >
< param name = "ignoreHierarchy" >false</ param >
</ result >
</ global-results >
</ package >
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4. userview.js
现在就可以修改AJAX调用参数,追加上profiling参数就可以开始性能调优了。
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function searchAllUser(){
jQuery.ajax({
type: "post" ,
url: "searchAllUser.action" ,
processData: true ,
dataType: 'json' ,
data:jQuery( "#userQueryForm" ).serialize() + "&profiling=yes" ,
success: function (data) {
if (data.status == 1) {
alert( "创建成功" );
generateTableFromJson( "result" , data.resultRows);
} else {
alert( "创建失败" );
}
}
});
}
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5. 最终效果
打印结果就是下面这样。除了总执行时间外,Action方法的执行时间和Result的渲染时间都会分别列出。