如何在Perl中检测操作系统？

I have Perl on Mac, Windows and Ubuntu. How can I tell from within the script which one is which? Thanks in advance.

我在Mac，Windows和Ubuntu上安装了Perl。如何在脚本中告诉哪一个是哪个？提前致谢。

Edit: I was asked what I am doing. It is a script, part of our cross-platform build system. The script recurses directories and figures out what files to build. Some files are platform-specific, and thus, on Linux I don't want to build the files ending with _win.cpp, etc.

编辑：我被问到我在做什么。它是一个脚本，是我们跨平台构建系统的一部分。该脚本会递归目录并确定要构建的文件。有些文件是特定于平台的，因此，在Linux上我不想构建以_win.cpp结尾的文件等。

9 个解决方案

#1

Examine the $^O variable which will contain the name of the operating system:

检查包含操作系统名称的$ ^ O变量：

print "$^O\n";

Which prints linux on Linux and MSWin32 on Windows.

它在Linux上打印Linux，在Windows上打印MSWin32。

You can also refer to this variable by the name $OSNAME if you use the English module:

如果使用英语模块，也可以通过名称$ OSNAME引用此变量：

use English qw' -no_match_vars ';
print "$OSNAME\n";

According to perlport, $^O will be darwin on Mac OS X.

根据perlport，$ ^ O将是Mac OS X上的darwin。

You can also use the Config core module, which can provide the same information (and a lot more):

您还可以使用Config核心模块，它可以提供相同的信息（以及更多）：

use Config;

print "$Config{osname}\n";
print "$Config{archname}\n";

Which on my Ubuntu machine prints:

在我的Ubuntu机器上打印：

linux
i486-linux-gnu-thread-multi

Note that this information is based on the system that Perl was built, which is not necessarily the system Perl is currently running on (the same is true for $^O and $OSNAME); the OS won't likely be different but some information, like the architecture name, may very well be.

请注意，此信息基于构建Perl的系统，这不一定是Perl当前正在运行的系统（对于$ ^ O和$ OSNAME也是如此）;操作系统可能不会有所不同，但一些信息，如架构名称，可能很好。

#2

If you need more specific information on Windows this may help.

如果您需要有关Windows的更多具体信息，这可能有所帮助。

my $osname = $^O;


if( $osname eq 'MSWin32' ){{
  eval { require Win32; } or last;
  $osname = Win32::GetOSName();

  # work around for historical reasons
  $osname = 'WinXP' if $osname =~ /^WinXP/;
}}

Derived from sysinfo.t, which I wrote the original version.

源自sysinfo.t，我写了原始版本。

If you need more detailed information:

如果您需要更详细的信息：

my ( $osvername, $major, $minor, $id ) = Win32::GetOSVersion();

#3

Sys::Info::OS looks like a relatively clean potential solution, but currently doesn't seem to support Mac. It shouldn't be too much work to add that though.

Sys :: Info :: OS看起来像一个相对干净的潜在解决方案，但目前似乎不支持Mac。尽管如此，添加它不应该是太多的工作。

#4

The variable $^O (that's a capital 'O', not a zero) holds the name of the operating system.

变量$ ^ O（即大写'O'，而不是零）保存操作系统的名称。

Depending on what you want, it may or may not give the answer you want - on my system it gives 'linux' without saying which distro. I'm not so sure about what it says on Windows or MacOS.

根据你的需要，它可能会或可能不会给你想要的答案 - 在我的系统上，它给出了'linux'而不说哪个发行版。我不太确定它在Windows或MacOS上的含义。

#5

Look inside the source for File::Spec to see how it loads the right delegate based on the operating system. :)

查看File :: Spec的源代码，了解它如何根据操作系统加载正确的委托。 :)

File::Spec has a separate Perl module file for each OS. File::Spec::Win32, File::Spec::OS2, etc...

File :: Spec为每个操作系统都有一个单独的Perl模块文件。 File :: Spec :: Win32，File :: Spec :: OS2等......

It checks the operating system and will load the appropriate .pm file at runtime based on OS.

它会检查操作系统，并在运行时根据操作系统加载相应的.pm文件。

# From the source code of File::Spec
my %module = (
      MSWin32 => 'Win32',
      os2     => 'OS2',
      VMS     => 'VMS',
      NetWare => 'Win32', # Yes, File::Spec::Win32 works on NetWare.
      symbian => 'Win32', # Yes, File::Spec::Win32 works on symbian.
      dos     => 'OS2',   # Yes, File::Spec::OS2 works on DJGPP.
      cygwin  => 'Cygwin',
      amigaos => 'AmigaOS');


my $module = $module{$^O} || 'Unix';

require "File/Spec/$module.pm";
our @ISA = ("File::Spec::$module");

#6

Here's a quick reference on how to find the OS the local machine is running from Perl.

以下是如何从Perl查找本地计算机运行的操作系统的快速参考。

The $^O variable ($OSTYPE if you use English) contains the operating system that your perl binary was built for.

$ ^ O变量（如果使用英语，则为$ OSTYPE）包含为perl二进制文件构建的操作系统。

#7

A classic one-liner:

经典的单线：

my $windows=($^O=~/Win/)?1:0;# Are we running on windows?

#8

#Assign the $home_directory variable the path of the user's home directory
my $home_directory = ($^O eq /Win/) ? $ENV{HOMEPATH} : $ENV{HOME};
#Then you can read/write to files in the home directory
open(FILE, ">$home_directory/my_tmp_file");
print FILE "This is a test\n";
close FILE;
#And/or read the contents of the file
open(FILE, "<$home_directory/my_tmp_file");
while (<FILE>){
    print $_;
}
close FILE;

#9

-2

yes using Config module can be a good thing. One more possibility is getting the info from /etc/*release files

是的，使用Config模块可能是一件好事。另一种可能性是从/ etc / *发布文件中获取信息

for eg..

例如......

cat /etc/os-release

cat / etc / os-release

NAME="UBUNTU"
VERSION="12.0.2 LTS, Precise Pangolin"
ID="UBUNTU"
ID_LIKE=debian
PRETTY_NAME="Ubuntu precise (12.0.2 LTS)"
VERSION_ID="12.04"

#1