Mysql增删改查sql语句练习
关于数据库的一些操作:
进入mysql 命令行: mysql -uroot –p
查看所有数据库: show databases;
创建数据库: create database wg charset utf8;
删除数据库: drop database wg;
选择数据库: use databases;
查看所有表: show tables;
查看创建数据库的语句:show create database databasename;
查看创建表的语句:show create table tablename;
查看表结构:desc tablename;
增:
mysql> use wg;
mysql> create table students( id int auto_increment primary key,name varchar(10) not null,sex varchar(12),address varchar(50),phone int not null unique);
#自增长 auto_increment
#非空 not null
#默认值 default 'xx'
#唯一 unique
#指定字符集 charset
#主键 primary key
mysql> create table scores(id int auto_increment primary key,s_id int not null,grade float not null);
数据:
mysql> insert into student (id,name,sex,phone) values(122,’wg’,’男’,’110’);
mysql> insert into students values(111,’wg’,’121’,’dd’) ;
删:
mysql> drop table tablename;
mysql> truncate tablename; 快速删除表数据,自增长id从头在来,快速,从磁盘直接删除,不可恢复
mysql> delete from student; 删除整个表的数据,自增长继续
改:
mysql> alter table oldtable rename newtable; 改表名
mysql> alter table scores modify s_id varchar(20);
mysql> alter table scores change s_id scoresss varchar(16); 修改表结构
mysql> alter table scores add age float after id; 新增字段的位置(age放在了ID后面)
mysql> update student set age=18;不指定条件,修改所有
mysql> update student set age=18 where name=‘wg’;只修改网工
查:
mysql> show create table tablename; 查看新建表语句
mysql> desc tablename; 查看表结构
mysql> show tables; 查看所有表
mysql> select * from students limit 5;查询5条
mysql> select * from students limit 1,5;从第几条开始,下面的n条
mysql> SELECT * from students where sex='男'; #指定条件
mysql> SELECT * from students where sex='男' and age>10; #多个条件,必须同时满足
mysql> SELECT * from students where sex='男' or sex='未知' ; #多个条件,有一个满足即可
mysql> SELECT * from students where sex !='男'; #<>也是不等于
mysql> SELECT * FROM students where addr like '%东京%';#模糊匹配,%代表的是通配符,必须得用like
mysql> SELECT * from students a where a.stu_name like '姚_';#_通配符表示任意一个单字符,姚字后面只能跟一个字
mysql> SELECT a.stu_name '学生名称',a.phone '学生电话' from students as a where a.stu_name='姚远';#给表起别名,as可以省略
SELECT * from students a where a.money BETWEEN 1000 and 10000;#在什么什么之间的数据
SELECT * from students ORDER BY money desc; #order by xxx desc,根据哪个字段继续排序,默认是升序,降序是desc,升序asc
SELECT * from students a where a.addr = '' or a.addr is null; #查询字段为空的数据
SELECT DISTINCT a.money from students a ;#去重
SELECT COUNT(*) '学生人数' from students where sex='女'; #统计行数
SELECT MAX(a.money) 钱最多 from students a; #最大值
SELECT min(money) 钱最少 from students;#最小值
SELECT AVG(a.money) 平均多少钱 from students a; #平均数
SELECT sum(a.money) 总共多少钱 from students a;#总和
备份数据库:
# mysqldump -uroot -p123456 db > db.sql
# mysqldump -uroot -p123456 -A > all.sql
恢复数据:
mysql -uroot -p123456 db < db.sql