Django脚本来访问模型对象，而不使用manage。py壳

I'm writing a script to import some model objects into the database my django application uses. In the past I've solved this by running ./manage.py shell and then import myscript. I'm sure there's a better way. I'd like to be able to call a script from anywhere on my HD using python scriptname.py, and in the first few lines of that script it would do whatever imports / other operations necessary so that it can access model objects and behave as though it was run using manage.py shell.

我正在编写一个脚本，将一些模型对象导入到我的django应用程序使用的数据库中。过去我用跑步来解决这个问题。然后导入myscript。我肯定有更好的办法。我希望能够使用python scriptname从HD上的任何地方调用脚本。py，在该脚本的前几行中，它将执行任何必要的导入/其他操作，以便访问模型对象并表现为使用manage运行。py壳。

What do I need to add to my script to achieve this?

为了实现这一点，我需要在脚本中添加什么?

EDIT:

编辑:

Based on @Melug's answer, with addition of dynamically setting Python path to address the 'anywhere on my HD' part of the question:

基于@Melug的回答，加上动态设置Python路径来解决“我的HD上的任何地方”部分的问题:

import sys
sys.path.append('c:\\my_projec_src_folder')
from myproject import settings
from django.core.management import setup_environ
setup_environ(settings)

10 个解决方案

#1

You need to setup django environment first:

您需要首先设置django环境:

from your_project import settings
from django.core.management import setup_environ
setup_environ(settings)

At last import your models, everything goes just like django.

最后导入你的模型，一切都像django一样。

#2

Since Django 1.4 you should avoid using setup_environ(settings) (post by Melug) because it is deprecated. Use the following instead and you will be able to access your model

由于Django 1.4不应该使用setup_environmental(设置)(由Melug发布)，因为它已经被废弃了。使用以下代码，您将能够访问您的模型

import os

os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "your_project_name.settings")

# your imports, e.g. Django models
from your_project_name.models import Location

# From now onwards start your script..

Here is an example to access and modify your model:

下面是一个访问和修改您的模型的例子:

if __name__ == '__main__':    
    # e.g. add a new location
    l = Location()
    l.name = 'Berlin'
    l.save()

    # this is an example to access your model
    locations = Location.objects.all()
    print locations

    # e.g. delete the location
    berlin = Location.objects.filter(name='Berlin')
    print berlin
    berlin.delete()

Example model:

示例模型:

class Location(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=100)

#3

To get models loaded too, I had to combine this with this answer, otherwise I get django.core.exceptions.AppRegistryNotReady: Models aren't loaded yet

为了让模型也被加载，我必须把这个和这个答案结合起来，否则我就会得到django.core.exception。收藏还没有准备好:模型还没有装好

import os
os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "my_project.settings")
import django
django.setup()

As an extra, I add this to the __init__.py of my django projects, it will automatically discover the app name so it is copy/paste-able:

作为一个额外的，我把这个添加到__init__。我的django项目中的py，它会自动发现应用程序名，所以可以复制/粘贴:

import os


def setup():
    module = os.path.split(os.path.dirname(__file__))[-1]
    os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "{}.settings".format(module))
    import django
    django.setup()

Then I can just do:

然后我可以做:

from <app> import setup
setup()

#4

I think the best way is to create your custom management command(s). Then you can call manage.py <yourcommand> from anywhere.

我认为最好的方法是创建自定义管理命令。然后你可以打电话给manage。py < yourcommand >从任何地方。

#5

For Django version 1.9 or later you can use this:

对于Django 1.9或更高版本，您可以使用以下内容:

import sys
import os
import django

sys.path.append('your_project_directory')
os.environ['DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE'] = 'your_project.settings'
django.setup()

from yourapp.models import your_model

so you can use object as same django object:

所以你可以使用对象作为django对象:

from myapp.models. import Locations
all_locations = Locations.object.all()
first_location = Locations.object.get(id=1)
print first_location.name()
first_location.save()

#6

FOR DJANGO 1.11

DJANGO 1.11

Upper solutions did not work, but gave me an error:

上面的解不起作用，但给了我一个错误:

django.core.exceptions.AppRegistryNotReady: Apps aren't loaded yet.

django.core.exceptions。外贸英语:应用程序还没有加载。

For me solution from here worked out:

对我来说，从这里解出:

import os
from django.core.wsgi import get_wsgi_application

os.environ['DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE'] = 'myapp.settings'
application = get_wsgi_application()

#7

Here is the answer for Django versions > 1.4:

以下是Django版本> 1.4的答案:

from django.core.management import settings
from myproject.myproject import settings as project_settings

if not settings.configured:
  settings.configure(default_settings=project_settings)

#8

Since at least Django 1.11, your main app includes a wsgi module that does the neccessary setup on import. Assuming myproject/myproject is where your settings.py is, in your script just import:

至少从Django 1.11开始，您的主应用程序包括一个wsgi模块，它在导入时执行必要的设置。假设myproject/myproject是您的设置。py在您的脚本中只是导入:

from myproject.wsgi import application

#9

If you get:

如果你得到:

django.core.exceptions.AppRegistryNotReady: Models aren't loaded yet.

Try:

试一试:

import os
from django.core.wsgi import get_wsgi_application

os.environ.setdefault('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', 'myapp.settings')
application = get_wsgi_application()

#10

Try:

试一试:

os.environ["DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE"] = "mysite.settings"

操作系统。环境(“DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE”)= " mysite.settings "

if os.environ.setdefault doesn't work. (Windows 10, python3.6.4, django 2.0.3)

如果os.environ。setdefault行不通。(Windows 10, python3.6.4, django 2.0.3)