python使用PyQt5，及QtCreator，qt-unified界面设计以及逻辑实现

时间：2021-09-10 23:03:54

　　1.环境安装：　

　　1.安装pyQt5 pip3 install pyQt5  
　　2.安装设计器 pip3 install pyQt5-tools  (英文版的) 我是用的是自己Windows上安装的qt-unified软件
　　3.qt-unified安装，下载地址  https://www.qt.io/
 

2.qt-unified软件设计界面

　　新建项目—>Qt—>From

　　python使用PyQt5，及QtCreator，qt-unified界面设计以及逻辑实现

　　python使用PyQt5，及QtCreator，qt-unified界面设计以及逻辑实现

 

　　根据左边菜单栏上的控件直接拖到窗口上布局 设计如下界面：

　　　python使用PyQt5，及QtCreator，qt-unified界面设计以及逻辑实现

 

 　　保存文件，命令行切换到保存的.ui文件目录执行如下命令将.ui文件转化py文件

　　

pyuic5 -o mainwindow.py mainwindow.ui

　　其中，-o 后的参数为输出文件的名称 -o 后第二个参数即为生成的ui文件的名称，报错请注意环境变量

　　这个时候运行会报错，所以还需要配置几个步骤。

  • 增加几个引用
from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtGui, QtWidgets
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QFileDialog,QMessageBox
import sys　
  • 添加主函数脚本
if __name__ == "__main__":
    app = QtWidgets.QApplication(sys.argv)
    MainWindow = QtWidgets.QMainWindow()
    ui = Ui_MainWindow()
    ui.setupUi(MainWindow)
    MainWindow.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

　　

　　然后成功运行，弹出界面。

　　这个时候，我们要把按钮和输入框的改造下，使其能够交互起来。　　

  • QPushButton的信号槽连接：self.choose_file.clicked.connect(self.open_file)，传入的是点击后执行的方法。

  • 获取QLineEdit里面的文本：self.cookie_edit.text()。

  • 将文案输出到QTextBrowser组件中显示：self.message_show.append('爬取全部文章成功\n')。

  • 判断复选框是否选中self.only_name.isChecked()，返回的是true/false。

　　运行中我发现，每次执行的时候，QTextBrowser组件中的文案，不能像print()方法一样，一行一行的输出，每次都是要等到全部执行完后，一次性输出。这个不符合我设计QTextBrowser组件的初衷。于是我又去问了问怎么样才能让QTextBrowser组件中的文案一行一行的输出。

　　最终多方尝试后，解决了这个问题，就是加入这句代码QApplication.processEvents()，可以将这句代码放入循环中，就能做到界面的实时刷新了。

 

在复杂操作的过程中频繁调用QApplication.processEvents()。这个函数告诉Qt处理所有那些还没有被处理的各类事件，然后将控制权返还给调用者。

实际上QApplication.exec()就是一个不停调用processEvents()函数的while循环。

 

　　个人示例代码

　　

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtGui, QtWidgets
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QFileDialog,QMessageBox
import sys

class Ui_Form(object):
    def setupUi(self, Form):
        Form.setObjectName("Form")
        Form.resize(479, 547)
        self.textout = QtWidgets.QTextBrowser(Form)
        self.textout.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(20, 251, 431, 271))
        self.textout.setObjectName("textout")
        self.label = QtWidgets.QLabel(Form)
        self.label.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(180, 10, 101, 31))
        self.label.setObjectName("label")
        self.lujinuot = QtWidgets.QLabel(Form)
        self.lujinuot.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(90, 60, 271, 20))
        self.lujinuot.setObjectName("lujinuot")
        self.label_3 = QtWidgets.QLabel(Form)
        self.label_3.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(20, 60, 71, 21))
        self.label_3.setObjectName("label_3")
        self.selectfile = QtWidgets.QPushButton(Form)
        self.selectfile.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(370, 60, 81, 23))
        self.selectfile.setObjectName("selectfile")
        self.label_4 = QtWidgets.QLabel(Form)
        self.label_4.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(20, 110, 54, 12))
        self.label_4.setObjectName("label_4")
        self.incookie = QtWidgets.QLineEdit(Form)
        self.incookie.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(70, 109, 381, 21))
        self.incookie.setObjectName("incookie")
        self.startpachong = QtWidgets.QPushButton(Form)
        self.startpachong.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(20, 190, 431, 41))
        self.startpachong.setObjectName("startpachong")
        self.retranslateUi(Form)
        QtCore.QMetaObject.connectSlotsByName(Form)

    def retranslateUi(self, Form):
        _translate = QtCore.QCoreApplication.translate
        Form.setWindowTitle(_translate("Form", "爬虫程序"))
        self.label.setText(_translate("Form", "<html><head/><body><p><span style=\" font-size:18pt;\">程序设置</span></p></body></html>"))
        self.lujinuot.setText(_translate("Form", " "))
        self.label_3.setText(_translate("Form", "<html><head/><body><p><span style=\" font-size:12pt;\">文件路径</span></p></body></html>"))
        self.selectfile.setText(_translate("Form", "选择文件"))
        self.label_4.setText(_translate("Form", "cookie："))
        self.startpachong.setText(_translate("Form", "开始爬取"))


if __name__ == "__main__":
    app = QtWidgets.QApplication(sys.argv)
    MainWindow = QtWidgets.QMainWindow()
    ui = Ui_Form()
    ui.setupUi(MainWindow)
    MainWindow.show()

    #可以通过QFileDialog.getOpenFileName打开文件目录，选择文件
    #可以通过QFileDialog.getExistingDirectory选择文件目
    # ui.cookie_edit.text()     #获取QLineEdit里面的文本
    # ui.lujinuot.setText(filename)     #设置QLineEdit里面的文本
    #QtWidgets.QApplication.processEvents()   #界面实时刷新
    #ui.selectfile.clicked.connect(selectfile)    #点击事件
    # ui.textout.append("点击了选择文件按钮\n")   #添加内容
    # ui.selectfile.isChecked()      #返回按钮的状态True/False

    #提示框
    # msg_box = QMessageBox(QMessageBox.Warning, "消息提示", "消息内容")
    # msg_box.show()
    # msg_box.exec_()


    def selectfile():
        # msg_box = QMessageBox(QMessageBox.Warning, "消息提示", "消息内容")
        # msg_box.show()
        # msg_box.exec_()

        filename= QFileDialog.getExistingDirectory()
        ui.lujinuot.setText(filename)

    ui.selectfile.clicked.connect(selectfile)
    ui.textout.append("输入cookie点开始爬取\n")

    QtWidgets.QApplication.processEvents() #界面实时刷新

    sys.exit(app.exec_())

　　

　　实例2：

#coding:utf-8
import requests as req
import time,json,os,sys
import xlwt
from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtGui, QtWidgets
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QFileDialog,QMessageBox,QApplication
import sys

from multiprocessing import Process


class Ui_Form(object):
    def setupUi(self, Form):
        Form.setObjectName("Form")
        Form.resize(479, 547)
        self.textout = QtWidgets.QTextBrowser(Form)
        self.textout.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(20, 251, 431, 271))
        self.textout.setObjectName("textout")
        self.label = QtWidgets.QLabel(Form)
        self.label.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(180, 20, 101, 31))
        self.label.setObjectName("label")
        self.lujinuot = QtWidgets.QLabel(Form)
        self.lujinuot.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(90, 70, 271, 20))
        self.lujinuot.setObjectName("lujinuot")
        self.label_3 = QtWidgets.QLabel(Form)
        self.label_3.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(20, 70, 71, 21))
        self.label_3.setObjectName("label_3")
        self.selectfile = QtWidgets.QPushButton(Form)
        self.selectfile.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(370, 70, 81, 23))
        self.selectfile.setObjectName("selectfile")
        self.label_4 = QtWidgets.QLabel(Form)
        self.label_4.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(20, 120, 54, 12))
        self.label_4.setObjectName("label_4")
        self.incookie = QtWidgets.QLineEdit(Form)
        self.incookie.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(70, 120, 381, 21))
        self.incookie.setObjectName("incookie")
        self.startpachong = QtWidgets.QPushButton(Form)
        self.startpachong.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(20, 190, 431, 41))
        self.startpachong.setObjectName("startpachong")

        self.retranslateUi(Form)
        QtCore.QMetaObject.connectSlotsByName(Form)

    def retranslateUi(self, Form):
        _translate = QtCore.QCoreApplication.translate
        Form.setWindowTitle(_translate("Form", "拼多多资料采集程序 v1.0"))
        self.label.setText(_translate("Form", "<html><head/><body><p><span style=\" font-size:18pt;\">程序设置</span></p></body></html>"))
        self.lujinuot.setText(_translate("Form", "路径显示"))
        self.label_3.setText(_translate("Form", "<html><head/><body><p><span style=\" font-size:12pt;\">保存路径</span></p></body></html>"))
        self.selectfile.setText(_translate("Form", "选择文件"))
        self.label_4.setText(_translate("Form", "cookie："))
        self.startpachong.setText(_translate("Form", "开始"))



def writeWFH(headers):
    filename = "未发货-"+str(time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d").strip())+".xls"
    # filename = os.path.join(ui.lujinuot.text(),filename)
    wbk = xlwt.Workbook()
    ws = wbk.add_sheet('sheet 1')
    ws.write(0,0,"昵称")
    ws.write(0,1,"电话号码")
    ws.write(0,2,"地址")
    ws.write(0,3,"快递公司")
    ws.write(0,4,"快递单号")

    count = 1
    page = 1
    while True:
        url = "https://st.huanleguang.com/api/trades?status=paid&print_status=all&shipping_delay=all&shop_id=&memo_type=1&seller_flag=-1&refund_status=all&order_type=all&area_info=all&order_num=all&post_type=all&merge_type=all&trade_type=all&page_size=200&page_no=%s&tid=&buyer_nick=&express_no=&receiver_mobile=&receiver_name=&item_name_id=&sku_size=&sku_color="%page
        ret = req.get(url=url,headers=headers)
        if len(json.loads(ret.text))>0:
            for line in json.loads(ret.text):
                TextWrite("第 %s 条记录"%count)
                line = line[0]
                nickname = line["receiver_name"]
                phone = line["receiver_mobile"]
                add = line["receiver_state"]+line["receiver_city"]+line["receiver_district"]+line["receiver_address"]
                kuaidi = line["express_name"]
                danhao = line["express_no"]
                ws.write(count,0,nickname)
                ws.write(count,1,phone)
                ws.write(count,2,add)
                ws.write(count,3,kuaidi)
                ws.write(count,4,danhao)
                count = count+1
            page = page+1
        else:
            wbk.save(filename)
            TextWrite("保存成功！%s"%filename)
            break
            return

def writeYFH(headers):
    wbk = xlwt.Workbook()
    ws = wbk.add_sheet('sheet 1')
    ws.write(0,0,"昵称")
    ws.write(0,1,"电话号码")
    ws.write(0,2,"地址")
    ws.write(0,3,"快递公司")
    ws.write(0,4,"快递单号")

    filename = "已发货-%s.xls"%str(time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d").strip())
    # filename = os.path.join(ui.lujinuot.text(),filename)
    count = 1
    page = 1
    while True:
        url = "https://st.huanleguang.com/api/trades?status=shipped&print_status=all&shipping_delay=all&shop_id=&memo_type=1&seller_flag=-1&refund_status=all&order_type=all&area_info=all&order_num=all&post_type=all&merge_type=all&trade_type=all&page_size=200&page_no=%s&tid=&buyer_nick=&express_no=&receiver_mobile=&receiver_name=&item_name_id=&sku_size=&sku_color="%page
        ret = req.get(url=url,headers=headers)
        if len(json.loads(ret.text))>0:
            for line in json.loads(ret.text):
                TextWrite("第 %s 条记录"%count)
                line = line[0]
                nickname = line["receiver_name"]
                phone = line["receiver_mobile"]
                add = line["receiver_state"]+line["receiver_city"]+line["receiver_district"]+line["receiver_address"]
                kuaidi = line["express_name"]
                danhao = line["express_no"]
                ws.write(count,0,nickname)
                ws.write(count,1,phone)
                ws.write(count,2,add)
                ws.write(count,3,kuaidi)
                ws.write(count,4,danhao)
                count = count+1
            page = page+1
        else:
            wbk.save(filename)
            TextWrite("保存成功！%s"%filename)
            return

def SelectFile():
    filename = QFileDialog.getExistingDirectory()
    ui.lujinuot.setText(filename)

def TextWrite(msg):
    ui.textout.append(str(msg))
    print(msg)
    QtWidgets.QApplication.processEvents()


def pa():
    cookie = ui.lujinuot.text().strip()
    # cookie = "__guid=227988319.2581628879631838000.1540522358017.8997; gr_user_id=b83ae182-83cd-4b7e-84b0-c22e856d1c3d; gr_session_id_84652f4a0b894385=7ef6971a-1053-47b0-bc0d-2eb931e3ed88; gr_session_id_84652f4a0b894385_7ef6971a-1053-47b0-bc0d-2eb931e3ed88=true; hlg_8_0=8-5045059-3-e695f708efb6c3e814ec42de4798554f; monitor_count=2; gr_cs1_7ef6971a-1053-47b0-bc0d-2eb931e3ed88=shop_id%3A5045059; _ati=7213780759932"

    headers = {"Accept-Encoding":"gzip, deflate, br","Accept-Language":"zh-CN,zh;q=0.9","Connection":"keep-alive","User-Agent":"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/63.0.3239.132 Safari/537.36","Cookie":cookie}
    #全部数据
    try:
        time1 = time.time()
        writeWFH(headers)
        writeYFH(headers)
        time2 = time.time()
        time3 = time2-time1
        TextWrite("用时 %s 秒"%str(int(time3*10)/10))
    except Exception as e:
            TextWrite("访问出错！"+str(e))



def StartPa():
    # TextWrite(ui.incookie.text())
    if ui.lujinuot.text() == "路径显示":
        TextWrite("<html><head/><body><span style=\" color:red;\">请先选择文件保存路径!!!</span></body></html>")
        return
    elif ui.lujinuot.text() == "":
        TextWrite("<html><head/><body><span style=\" color:red;\">保存路径不能为空!!!</span></body></html>")
        return
    elif ui.incookie.text() == "":
        TextWrite("<html><head/><body><span style=\" color:red;\">cookie不能为空!!!</span></body></html>")
        return
    else:
        pa()


if __name__ == "__main__":
    app = QtWidgets.QApplication(sys.argv)
    MainWindow = QtWidgets.QMainWindow()
    ui = Ui_Form()
    ui.setupUi(MainWindow)
    MainWindow.show()

    ui.selectfile.clicked.connect(SelectFile)
    ui.startpachong.clicked.connect(StartPa)

    sys.exit(app.exec_())

　　

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