Selenium提供了一个类ActionChains来处理模拟鼠标事件，如单击、双击、拖动等。
基本语法：
class ActionChains(object):
"""
ActionChains are a way to automate low level interactions such as
mouse movements, mouse button actions, key press, and context menu interactions.
This is useful for doing more complex actions like hover over and drag and drop. Generate user actions.
When you call methods for actions on the ActionChains object,
the actions are stored in a queue in the ActionChains object.
When you call perform(), the events are fired in the order they
are queued up. ActionChains can be used in a chain pattern:: menu = driver.find_element_by_css_selector(".nav")
hidden_submenu = driver.find_element_by_css_selector(".nav #submenu1") ActionChains(driver).move_to_element(menu).click(hidden_submenu).perform() Or actions can be queued up one by one, then performed.:: menu = driver.find_element_by_css_selector(".nav")
hidden_submenu = driver.find_element_by_css_selector(".nav #submenu1") actions = ActionChains(driver)
actions.move_to_element(menu)
actions.click(hidden_submenu)
actions.perform() Either way, the actions are performed in the order they are called, one after
another.
""" def __init__(self, driver):
"""
Creates a new ActionChains. :Args:
- driver: The WebDriver instance which performs user actions.
"""
self._driver = driver
self._actions = []
if self._driver.w3c:
self.w3c_actions = ActionBuilder(driver) def perform(self):
"""
Performs all stored actions.
"""
if self._driver.w3c:
self.w3c_actions.perform()
else:
for action in self._actions:
action() def reset_actions(self):
"""
Clears actions that are already stored on the remote end.
"""
if self._driver.w3c:
self._driver.execute(Command.W3C_CLEAR_ACTIONS)
else:
self._actions = [] def click(self, on_element=None):
"""
Clicks an element. :Args:
- on_element: The element to click.
If None, clicks on current mouse position.
"""
if self._driver.w3c:
self.w3c_actions.pointer_action.click(on_element)
self.w3c_actions.key_action.pause()
self.w3c_actions.key_action.pause()
else:
if on_element:
self.move_to_element(on_element)
self._actions.append(lambda: self._driver.execute(
Command.CLICK, {'button': 0}))
return self def click_and_hold(self, on_element=None):
"""
Holds down the left mouse button on an element. :Args:
- on_element: The element to mouse down.
If None, clicks on current mouse position.
"""
if self._driver.w3c:
self.w3c_actions.pointer_action.click_and_hold(on_element)
self.w3c_actions.key_action.pause()
if on_element:
self.w3c_actions.key_action.pause()
else:
if on_element:
self.move_to_element(on_element)
self._actions.append(lambda: self._driver.execute(
Command.MOUSE_DOWN, {}))
return self def context_click(self, on_element=None):
"""
Performs a context-click (right click) on an element. :Args:
- on_element: The element to context-click.
If None, clicks on current mouse position.
"""
if self._driver.w3c:
self.w3c_actions.pointer_action.context_click(on_element)
self.w3c_actions.key_action.pause()
else:
if on_element:
self.move_to_element(on_element)
self._actions.append(lambda: self._driver.execute(
Command.CLICK, {'button': 2}))
return self def double_click(self, on_element=None):
"""
Double-clicks an element. :Args:
- on_element: The element to double-click.
If None, clicks on current mouse position.
"""
if self._driver.w3c:
self.w3c_actions.pointer_action.double_click(on_element)
for _ in range(4):
self.w3c_actions.key_action.pause()
else:
if on_element:
self.move_to_element(on_element)
self._actions.append(lambda: self._driver.execute(
Command.DOUBLE_CLICK, {}))
return self def drag_and_drop(self, source, target):
"""
Holds down the left mouse button on the source element,
then moves to the target element and releases the mouse button. :Args:
- source: The element to mouse down.
- target: The element to mouse up.
"""
if self._driver.w3c:
self.w3c_actions.pointer_action.click_and_hold(source) \
.move_to(target) \
.release()
for _ in range(3):
self.w3c_actions.key_action.pause()
else:
self.click_and_hold(source)
self.release(target)
return self def drag_and_drop_by_offset(self, source, xoffset, yoffset):
"""
Holds down the left mouse button on the source element,
then moves to the target offset and releases the mouse button. :Args:
- source: The element to mouse down.
- xoffset: X offset to move to.
- yoffset: Y offset to move to.
"""
if self._driver.w3c:
self.w3c_actions.pointer_action.click_and_hold(source) \
.move_to_location(xoffset, yoffset) \
.release()
for _ in range(3):
self.w3c_actions.key_action.pause()
else:
self.click_and_hold(source)
self.move_by_offset(xoffset, yoffset)
self.release()
return self def key_down(self, value, element=None):
"""
Sends a key press only, without releasing it.
Should only be used with modifier keys (Control, Alt and Shift). :Args:
- value: The modifier key to send. Values are defined in `Keys` class.
- element: The element to send keys.
If None, sends a key to current focused element. Example, pressing ctrl+c:: ActionChains(driver).key_down(Keys.CONTROL).send_keys('c').key_up(Keys.CONTROL).perform() """
if element:
self.click(element)
if self._driver.w3c:
self.w3c_actions.key_action.key_down(value)
self.w3c_actions.pointer_action.pause()
else:
self._actions.append(lambda: self._driver.execute(
Command.SEND_KEYS_TO_ACTIVE_ELEMENT,
{"value": keys_to_typing(value)}))
return self def key_up(self, value, element=None):
"""
Releases a modifier key. :Args:
- value: The modifier key to send. Values are defined in Keys class.
- element: The element to send keys.
If None, sends a key to current focused element. Example, pressing ctrl+c:: ActionChains(driver).key_down(Keys.CONTROL).send_keys('c').key_up(Keys.CONTROL).perform() """
if element:
self.click(element)
if self._driver.w3c:
self.w3c_actions.key_action.key_up(value)
self.w3c_actions.pointer_action.pause()
else:
self._actions.append(lambda: self._driver.execute(
Command.SEND_KEYS_TO_ACTIVE_ELEMENT,
{"value": keys_to_typing(value)}))
return self def move_by_offset(self, xoffset, yoffset):
"""
Moving the mouse to an offset from current mouse position. :Args:
- xoffset: X offset to move to, as a positive or negative integer.
- yoffset: Y offset to move to, as a positive or negative integer.
"""
self._actions.append(lambda: self._driver.execute(
Command.MOVE_TO, {
'xoffset': int(xoffset),
'yoffset': int(yoffset)}))
return self def move_to_element(self, to_element):
"""
Moving the mouse to the middle of an element. :Args:
- to_element: The WebElement to move to.
"""
if self._driver.w3c:
self.w3c_actions.pointer_action.move_to(to_element)
self.w3c_actions.key_action.pause()
else:
self._actions.append(lambda: self._driver.execute(
Command.MOVE_TO, {'element': to_element.id}))
return self def move_to_element_with_offset(self, to_element, xoffset, yoffset):
"""
Move the mouse by an offset of the specified element.
Offsets are relative to the top-left corner of the element. :Args:
- to_element: The WebElement to move to.
- xoffset: X offset to move to.
- yoffset: Y offset to move to.
"""
if self._driver.w3c:
self.w3c_actions.pointer_action.move_to(to_element, xoffset, yoffset)
self.w3c_actions.key_action.pause()
else:
self._actions.append(
lambda: self._driver.execute(Command.MOVE_TO, {
'element': to_element.id,
'xoffset': int(xoffset),
'yoffset': int(yoffset)}))
return self def release(self, on_element=None):
"""
Releasing a held mouse button on an element. :Args:
- on_element: The element to mouse up.
If None, releases on current mouse position.
"""
if self._driver.w3c:
self.w3c_actions.pointer_action.release()
self.w3c_actions.key_action.pause()
else:
if on_element:
self.move_to_element(on_element)
self._actions.append(lambda: self._driver.execute(Command.MOUSE_UP, {}))
return self def send_keys(self, *keys_to_send):
"""
Sends keys to current focused element. :Args:
- keys_to_send: The keys to send. Modifier keys constants can be found in the
'Keys' class.
"""
if self._driver.w3c:
self.w3c_actions.key_action.send_keys(keys_to_send)
else:
self._actions.append(lambda: self._driver.execute(
Command.SEND_KEYS_TO_ACTIVE_ELEMENT, {'value': keys_to_typing(keys_to_send)}))
return self def send_keys_to_element(self, element, *keys_to_send):
"""
Sends keys to an element. :Args:
- element: The element to send keys.
- keys_to_send: The keys to send. Modifier keys constants can be found in the
'Keys' class.
"""
if self._driver.w3c:
self.w3c_actions.key_action.send_keys(keys_to_send, element=element)
else:
self._actions.append(lambda: element.send_keys(*keys_to_send))
return self # Context manager so ActionChains can be used in a 'with .. as' statements.
def __enter__(self):
return self # Return created instance of self. def __exit__(self, _type, _value, _traceback):
pass # Do nothing, does not require additional cleanup.
方法列表
perform(self): ---执行链中的所有动作
reset_actions(self): ---清除存储在远端的动作
click(self, on_element=None): ---鼠标左键单击
click_and_hold(self, on_element=None): --鼠标左键单击，不松开
context_click(self, on_element=None): ---鼠标右键单击
double_click(self, on_element=None): ---鼠标左键双击
drag_and_drop(self, source, target): ---拖拽到某个元素后松开
drag_and_drop_by_offset(self, source, xoffset, yoffset): ---拖拽到某个坐标后松开
key_down(self, value, element=None): ---某个键盘键被按下
key_up(self, value, element=None): ---松开某个键
move_by_offset(self, xoffset, yoffset): ---鼠标移动到某个坐标
move_to_element(self, to_element): ---鼠标移动到某个元素
move_to_element_with_offset(self, to_element, xoffset, yoffset): ---移动到距某个元素（左上角）多少的位置
release(self, on_element=None): ---在某元素上松开鼠标
send_keys(self, *keys_to_send): ---发送某些值到当前焦点元素
send_keys_to_element(self, element, *keys_to_send): ---发送某些值到指定元素
基本用法
链式写法
ActionChains(driver).click(clk_btn).context_click(right_btn).perform() 分步写法
# 补全化action
actions = ActionChains(driver)
# 装载单击动作
actions.click()
# 装载右击动作
actions.context_click()
# 执行所有被装载的动作
actions.perform()
应用举例
#!/usr/bin/env python
# _*_ coding:utf-8 _*_ from selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChains
from selenium import webdriver
import time driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.get("https://www.baidu.com/")
driver.implicitly_wait(10) # 右击百度新闻
right_click = driver.find_element_by_xpath('//a[@name="tj_trnews"]')
ActionChains(driver).context_click(right_click).perform()
参考 文档：
http://www.jb51.net/article/92682.htm
下拉滚动条
方法一：
使用js脚本直接操作
js="var q=document.documentElement.scrollTop=10000"
driver.execute_script(js)
方法二、
将滚动条手动到指定的位置，这种方法更常用
target = driver.find_element_by_id("id_keypair")
driver.execute_script("arguments[0].scrollIntoView();", target) #拖动到可见的元素去
方法三、
发送TAB键
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
driver.find_element_by_id("id_login_method_0").send_keys(Keys.TAB)
方法四、
前段时间使用robotframe work框架时，selenium2library里面有一个非常好用的功能Focus，会自动定位到元素，研读一下源码：
def focus(self, locator):
"""Sets focus to element identified by `locator`."""
element = self._element_find(locator, True, True)
self._current_browser().execute_script("arguments[0].focus();", element)
从源码中我们可以看到，此方法与我们在python自己写的方法二)一致，工具给我们做了封装。