TCP作为常用的网络传输协议,数据流解析是网络应用开发人员永远绕不开的一个问题。
TCP数据传输是以无边界的数据流传输形式,所谓无边界是指数据发送端发送的字节数,在数据接收端接受时并不一定等于发送的字节数,可能会出现粘包情况。
一、TCP粘包情况:
1. 发送端发送了数量比较的数据,接收端读取数据时候数据分批到达,造成一次发送多次读取;通常网络路由的缓存大小有关系,一个数据段大小超过缓存大小,那么就要拆包发送。
2. 发送端发送了几次数据,接收端一次性读取了所有数据,造成多次发送一次读取;通常是网络流量优化,把多个小的数据段集满达到一定的数据量,从而减少网络链路中的传输次数。
TCP粘包的解决方案有很多种方法,最简单的一种就是发送的数据协议定义发送的数据包的结构:
1. 数据头:数据包的大小,固定长度。
2. 数据内容:数据内容,长度为数据头定义的长度大小。
实际操作如下:
a)发送端:先发送数据包的大小,再发送数据内容。
b)接收端:先解析本次数据包的大小N,在读取N个字节,这N个字节就是一个完整的数据内容。
具体流程如下:
实现源码
[cpp] view plain copy
bool readPack( int sock, char * buf, size_t len) {
if (NULL == buf || len < 1) {
return false ;
}
memset(buf, 0, len);
ssize_t read_len = 0, readsum = 0;
do {
read_len = read(sock, buf + readsum, len - readsum);
if (-1 == read_len) {
return false ;
}
printf("receive data: %s\n" , buf + readsum);
readsum += read_len;
} while (readsum < len && 0 != read_len);
return true ;
}
二、测试用例介绍
本篇提供的demo主要流程如下: 1. 客户端负责模拟发送数据,服务端负责接受数据,处理粘包问题 a)emulate_subpackage 模拟情况1,一个长数据经过多次才到达目的地, 在客户端字符串“This is a test case for client send subpackage data. data is not send complete at once.”每次只发送6个字节长度。服务端要把字符串集满才能处理数据(打印字符串) b)emulate_adheringpackage 模拟情况2,多个数据在一次性到达目的地 在客户端将字符串“Hello I'm lucky. Nice too me you”切成三个数据段(都包含数据头和数据内容),然后一次性发送,服务端读取数据时对三个数据段逐个处理。
三、源码实现
server.cpp
[cpp] view plain copy
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cstring>
#include <errno.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <unistd.h>
void newclient( int sock);
bool readPack( int sock, char * buf, size_t len);
void safe_close( int &sock);
int main( int argc, char *argv[]) {
int sockfd = -1, newsockfd = -1;
socklen_t c = 0;
struct sockaddr_in serv_addr, cli_addr;
sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
if (-1 == sockfd) {
printf("new socket failed. errno: %d, error: %s\n" , errno, strerror(errno));
exit(-1);
}
serv_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
serv_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;
serv_addr.sin_port = htons(7890);
if (bind(sockfd, ( struct sockaddr *)&serv_addr, sizeof (serv_addr)) < 0) {
printf("bind failed. errno: %d, error: %s\n" , errno, strerror(errno));
exit(-1);
}
listen(sockfd, 5);
printf("listening...\n" );
c = sizeof ( struct sockaddr_in);
int i = 0;
while (i++ < 3) {
printf("waiting for new socket accept.\n" );
newsockfd = accept(sockfd, (struct sockaddr*)&cli_addr, (socklen_t*)&c);
if (newsockfd < 0) {
printf("accept connect failed. errno: %d, error: %s\n" , errno, strerror(errno));
safe_close(sockfd);
exit(-1);
}
pid_t pid = fork();
if (0 == pid) {
newclient(newsockfd);
safe_close(sockfd);
break ;
} else if (pid > 0) {
safe_close(newsockfd);
}
}
safe_close(sockfd);
return 0;
}
void newclient( int sock) {
printf("newclient sock fd: %d\n" , sock);
int datasize = 0;
const int HEAD_SIZE = 9;
char buf[512] = {0};
while ( true ) {
memset(buf, 0, sizeof (buf));
if (! readPack(sock, buf, HEAD_SIZE)) {
printf("read head buffer failed.\n" );
safe_close(sock);
return ;
}
datasize = atoi(buf);
printf("data size: %s, value:%d\n" , buf, datasize);
memset(buf, 0, sizeof (buf));
if (! readPack(sock, buf, datasize)) {
printf("read data buffer failed\n" );
safe_close(sock);
return ;
}
printf("data size: %d, text: %s\n" , datasize, buf);
if (0 == strcmp(buf, "exit" )) {
break ;
}
}
memset(buf, 0, sizeof (buf));
snprintf(buf, sizeof (buf), "from server read complete." );
write(sock, buf, strlen(buf) + 1);
printf("newclient sockfd: %d, finish.\n" , sock);
safe_close(sock);
}
void safe_close( int &sock) {
if (sock > 0) {
close(sock);
sock = -1;
}
}
bool readPack( int sock, char * buf, size_t len) {
if (NULL == buf || len < 1) {
return false ;
}
memset(buf, 0, len);
ssize_t read_len = 0, readsum = 0;
do {
read_len = read(sock, buf + readsum, len - readsum);
if (-1 == read_len) {
return false ;
}
printf("receive data: %s\n" , buf + readsum);
readsum += read_len;
} while (readsum < len && 0 != read_len);
return true ;
}
client.cpp
[cpp] view plain copy
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cstring>
#include <time.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <unistd.h>
void safe_close( int &sock);
void emulate_subpackage( int sock);
void emulate_adheringpackage( int sock);
int main( int argc, char *argv[]) {
char buf[128] = {0};
int sockfd = -1;
struct sockaddr_in serv_addr;
sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
if (-1 == sockfd) {
printf("new socket failed. errno: %d, error: %s\n" , errno, strerror(errno));
exit(-1);
}
serv_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("127.0.0.1" );
serv_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
serv_addr.sin_port = htons(7890);
if (connect(sockfd, ( struct sockaddr *)&serv_addr, sizeof (serv_addr)) < 0) {
printf("connection failed. errno: %d, error: %s\n" , errno, strerror(errno));
exit(-1);
}
emulate_subpackage(sockfd);
emulate_adheringpackage(sockfd);
const int HEAD_SIZE = 9;
const char temp[] = "exit" ;
memset(buf, 0, sizeof (buf));
snprintf(buf, sizeof (buf), "%0.*zu" , HEAD_SIZE - 1, sizeof (temp));
write(sockfd, buf, HEAD_SIZE);
write(sockfd, temp, sizeof (temp));
printf("send complete.\n" );
memset(buf, 0, sizeof (buf));
read(sockfd, buf, sizeof (buf));
printf("receive data: %s\n" , buf);
printf("client finish.\n" );
safe_close(sockfd);
return 0;
}
void safe_close( int &sock) {
if (sock > 0) {
close(sock);
sock = -1;
}
}
void emulate_subpackage( int sock) {
printf("emulate_subpackage...\n" );
char text[] = "This is a test case for client send subpackage data. data is not send complete at once." ;
const size_t TEXTSIZE = sizeof (text);
ssize_t len = 0;
size_t sendsize = 0, sendsum = 0;
const int HEAD_SIZE = 9;
char buf[64] = {0};
snprintf(buf, HEAD_SIZE, "%08zu" , TEXTSIZE);
write(sock, buf, HEAD_SIZE);
printf("send data size: %s\n" , buf);
do {
sendsize = 6;
if (sendsum + sendsize > TEXTSIZE) {
sendsize = TEXTSIZE - sendsum;
}
len = write(sock, text + sendsum, sendsize);
if (-1 == len) {
printf("send data failed. errno: %d, error: %s\n" , errno, strerror(errno));
return ;
}
memset(buf, 0, sizeof (buf));
snprintf(buf, len + 1, text + sendsum);
printf("send data: %s\n" , buf);
sendsum += len;
sleep(1);
} while (sendsum < TEXTSIZE && 0 != len);
}
void emulate_adheringpackage( int sock) {
printf("emulate_adheringpackage...\n" );
const int HEAD_SIZE = 9;
char buf[1024] = {0};
char text[128] = {0};
char *pstart = buf;
memset(text, 0, sizeof (text));
snprintf(text, sizeof (text), "Hello " );
snprintf(pstart, HEAD_SIZE, "%08zu" , strlen(text) + 1);
pstart += HEAD_SIZE;
snprintf(pstart, strlen(text) + 1, "%s" , text);
pstart += strlen(text) + 1;
memset(text, 0, sizeof (text));
snprintf(text, sizeof (text), "I'm lucky." );
snprintf(pstart, HEAD_SIZE, "%08zu" , strlen(text) + 1);
pstart += HEAD_SIZE;
snprintf(pstart, strlen(text) + 1, "%s" , text);
pstart += strlen(text) + 1;
memset(text, 0, sizeof (text));
snprintf(text, sizeof (text), "Nice too me you" );
snprintf(pstart, HEAD_SIZE, "%08zu" , strlen(text) + 1);
pstart += HEAD_SIZE;
snprintf(pstart, strlen(text) + 1, "%s" , text);
pstart += strlen(text) + 1;
write(sock, buf, pstart - buf);
}
Makefile
[plain] view plain copy
CC=g++
CFLAGS=-I
all: server.o client.o
server.o: server.cpp
$(CC) -o server.o server.cpp
client.o: client.cpp
$(CC) -o client.o client.cpp
clean:
rm *.o
四、测试结果
编译及运行
$ make
g++ -o server.o server.cpp
g++ -o client.o client.cpp
客户端模拟发送数据
$ ./client.o
emulate_subpackage...
send data size: 00000088
send data: This i
send data: s a te
send data: st cas
send data: e for
send data: client
send data: send
send data: subpac
send data: kage d
send data: ata. d
send data: ata is
send data: not s
send data: end co
send data: mplete
send data: at on
send data: ce.
emulate_adheringpackage...
send complete.
receive data: from server read complete.
client finish.
服务端模拟接受数据
$ ./server.o
listening...
waiting for new socket accept.
waiting for new socket accept.
newclient sock fd: 4
receive data: 00000088
data size: 00000088, value:88
receive data: This i
receive data: s a te
receive data: st cas
receive data: e for
receive data: client
receive data: send
receive data: subpac
receive data: kage d
receive data: ata. d
receive data: ata is
receive data: not s
receive data: end co
receive data: mplete
receive data: at on
receive data: ce.
data size: 88, text: This is a test case for client send subpackage data. data is not send complete at once.
receive data: 00000007
data size: 00000007, value:7
receive data: Hello
data size: 7, text: Hello
receive data: 00000011
data size: 00000011, value:11
receive data: I'm lucky.
data size: 11, text: I'm lucky.
receive data: 00000016
data size: 00000016, value:16
receive data: Nice too me you
data size: 16, text: Nice too me you
receive data: 00000005
data size: 00000005, value:5
receive data: exit
data size: 5, text: exit
newclient sockfd: 4, finish.