WPF与Prism一并学习(四)

时间:2022-07-30 22:21:10

创建WPF程序的三种方式:

1.只使用代码

2.使用代码和未经编译的标记(XAML)

3.使用代码和编译过的标记(BAML)


第一种不写了,比较简单

第二种:

所谓的第二种方法就是直接读一个XAML文件,解析它并创建界面元素,要注意的是要读的XAML文件属性要设置成如下的样子

WPF与Prism一并学习(四)

WPF与Prism一并学习(四) WPF与Prism一并学习(四)
        private Button button1;        
public Window1(string xamlFile)
{
InitializeComponent(xamlFile);
}

private void InitializeComponent(string xamlFile)
{
// Configure the form.
this.Width = this.Height = 285;
this.Left = this.Top = 100;
this.Title = "Dynamically Loaded XAML";

// Get the XAML content from an external file.
DependencyObject rootElement;
using (FileStream fs = new FileStream(xamlFile, FileMode.Open))
{
rootElement = (DependencyObject)XamlReader.Load(fs);
}

// Insert the markup into this window.
this.Content = rootElement;

// Find the control with the appropriate name.
//button1 = (Button)LogicalTreeHelper.FindLogicalNode(rootElement, "button1");
FrameworkElement frameworkElement = (FrameworkElement)rootElement;
button1 = (Button)frameworkElement.FindName("button1");

// Wire up the event handler.
button1.Click += new RoutedEventHandler(button1_Click);
}

private void button1_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
button1.Content = "Thank you.";
}
}
上面直接把Window1.xaml从硬盘读到文件流中,再转化成DependencyObject对象,DependencyObject是所有WPF控件继承的基类.

上面被注释的代码

button1 = (Button)LogicalTreeHelper.FindLogicalNode(rootElement, "button1");

FrameworkElement frameworkElement = (FrameworkElement)rootElement;            button1 = (Button)frameworkElement.FindName("button1");
是等效的, LogicalTreeHelper是一个辅助类,具有查找一棵完整控件对象树的能力,这个示例中XAML文件中的根元素是DockPanel,DockPanel又继承自 FrameworkElement类,所以使用FrameworkElement.FindName()方法同样可以找到控件对象.

第三种:

这种方法是VS自己支持的,所有代码都是自动生成的,不用我们人为去编码,即把XAML编译成BAML文件,再嵌入dll中作为资源保存,程序运行时再从dll中读出来. 读BMAL比直接读XMAL文件效率要高,因为BMAL已经经过了优化,文件体积也比XMAL小. 编译器在编译成会生成一个BMAL文件,和一个分部类,它们会放在项文件夹的obj\Debug子文件夹中.

下面来看看这个VS自动生成的部分类,Window1.g.cs (只呈现主要逻辑代码,省略掉非关键部分)

    /// <summary>    /// Window1    /// </summary>    public partial class Window1 : System.Windows.Window, System.Windows.Markup.IComponentConnector {                       internal System.Windows.Controls.TextBox txtQuestion;                internal System.Windows.Controls.Button cmdAnswer;                internal System.Windows.Controls.TextBox txtAnswer;                #line default        #line hidden                private bool _contentLoaded;                /// <summary>        /// InitializeComponent        /// </summary>        public void InitializeComponent() {            if (_contentLoaded) {                return;            }            _contentLoaded = true;            System.Uri resourceLocater = new System.Uri("window1.baml", System.UriKind.Relative);                        System.Windows.Application.LoadComponent(this, resourceLocater);                        #line default            #line hidden        }               ......        void System.Windows.Markup.IComponentConnector.Connect(int connectionId, object target) {            switch (connectionId)            {            case 1:            this.txtQuestion = ((System.Windows.Controls.TextBox)(target));            return;            case 2:            this.cmdAnswer = ((System.Windows.Controls.Button)(target));                        this.cmdAnswer.Click += new System.Windows.RoutedEventHandler(this.cmdAnswer_Click);                        return;            case 3:            this.txtAnswer = ((System.Windows.Controls.TextBox)(target));            return;            }            this._contentLoaded = true;        }    }

方法二中的XamlReader用处很大,下面的代码摘自 这个地方

通过XamlReader 动态构建并实例化一个Window

//XamlReader  StringBuilder strXMAL = new StringBuilder("<Window ");strXMAL.Append("xmlns=\"http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation\" ");strXMAL.Append("xmlns:x=\"http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml\" ");strXMAL.Append("Title=\"Window2\" Height=\"600\" Width=\"600\">");strXMAL.Append("</Window>");var window = (Window)XamlReader.Parse(strXMAL.ToString());window.ShowDialog();

作者还自己实现了BMAL文件的Reader和Writer,有兴趣可以研究研究,一般情况下也用不上的