java 初始化顺序

时间:2021-12-23 22:14:17

java 变量类型如下:

实例变量;

类变量;

初始化途经如下:

实例变量

  --声明时,初始化;

  --非静态初始化块内,初始化;

  --构造函数内,初始化;

实例1:

public class bean1 {

	int d;
int e;
int c;
int b;
int f; {
c = 3;
}
int a = 1; {
b = 2;
} public bean1() { d = 4;
f = 5;
e = 6;
} public int geta() { return a; } }

javap -c bean1.class 查看反汇编代码如下:

Compiled from "bean1.java"
public class initialization.bean1 {
int d; int e; int c; int b; int f; int a; public initialization.bean1();
Code:
0: aload_0
1: invokespecial #1 // Method java/lang/Object."<init>":()V
4: aload_0
5: iconst_3  //初始化c
6: putfield #2 // Field c:I
9: aload_0
10: iconst_1  //初始化a  
11: putfield #3 // Field a:I
14: aload_0
15: iconst_2  //初始化b
16: putfield #4 // Field b:I
19: aload_0
20: iconst_4  //初始化d
21: putfield #5 // Field d:I
24: aload_0
25: iconst_5
26: putfield #6 // Field f:I
29: aload_0
30: bipush 6
32: putfield #7 // Field e:I
35: return public int geta();
Code:
0: aload_0
1: getfield #3 // Field a:I
4: ireturn
}

结论:实例变量的初始化均在public initialization.bean1()当中完成,无论是在声明时直接初始化,还是在代码块当中初始化,本质均在构造函数里面进行初始化,在构造函数当中的初始化顺序取决于在 定义直接初始化和代码块初始化中的顺序。

类变量

  --声明时,初始化;

  --静态初始化块内,初始化;

实例2:

package initialization;

public class bean2 {

	static int d;
static int e = 5;
static int c;
int b;
int f;
int a = 1;
static {
c = 3;
System.out.println("hello,static"); } {
b = 2;
System.out.println("hello");
}
static {
d = 4; } public bean2() { f = 6;
} public int geta() { return a; } }

新建bean2实例时,输出如下:

hello,static
hello

静态代码块是主动执行的,需要在项目启动的时候就初始化;

javap -c bean2.class 查看反汇编代码如下:

Compiled from "bean2.java"
public class initialization.bean2 {
static int d; static int e; static int c; int b; int f; int a; public initialization.bean2();
Code:
0: aload_0
1: invokespecial #1 // Method java/lang/Object."<init>":()V
4: aload_0
5: iconst_1 //初始化a
6: putfield #2 // Field a:I
9: aload_0
10: iconst_2 //初始化b
11: putfield #3 // Field b:I
14: aload_0
15: bipush 6
17: putfield #4 // Field f:I
20: return public int geta();
Code:
0: aload_0
1: getfield #2 // Field a:I
4: ireturn static {};
Code:
0: iconst_5 //初始化e
1: putstatic #5 // Field e:I
4: iconst_3 //初始化c
5: putstatic #6 // Field c:I
8: iconst_4 //初始化d
9: putstatic #7 // Field d:I
12: return
}

结论:  实例变量的初始化均在public initialization.bean2()当中完成,无论是在声明时直接初始化,还是在代码块当中初始化,本质均在构造函数里面进行初始化,在构造函数当中的初始化顺序取决于在 定义直接初始化和代码块初始化中的顺序;

类变量在static {}中完成,且初始顺序以代码中顺序为主,类变量在实例变量前执行;

关于java final可以查看:http://www.cnblogs.com/dolphin0520/p/3736238.html