Appium的安装和使用

时间：2022-05-22 22:01:39

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</head>
<body>
<h2>Appium</h2>
<ul>
<li>基于 WebDrive 协议的一个自动化测试框架，可以对 Android、iOS 以及混合开发的移动端应用进行自动化测试。</li>
<li>优势：可以使用 Python 、Ruby 、 Java 、 JavaScript、Php 、 C# 等语言进行开发。</li>
<li>劣势：Appium 在 Android 官方的自动化框架 UiAutomator 和 iOS 官方的 UiAutomation 上进行的封装，所以效率上没有直接使用官方的框架好。</li>
<li>目前已经有了 GUI 版本，环境配置更加方便和快速。</li>
<li><a href="http://appium.io/">官网</a></li>
</ul>
<h2>安装</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://bitbucket.org/appium/appium.app/downloads/AppiumForWindows_1_4_13_1.zip">最新 GUI 版本下载</a></li>
</ul>
<h2>使用</h2>
<h3>配置</h3>
<p><img src="http://i.imgur.com/dJHDKBh.png" /></p>
<p><img src="http://i.imgur.com/f5ZviwP.png" /></p>
<h3>瑞信信息</h3>
<ul>
<li>Package： com.xxx.xxx</li>
<li>Launch Activity： com.xxx.xxx.ui.activity.WelcomeActivity</li>
<li>Device Name:4d003d169c0c4037，可以通过 adb devices 命令查询到</li>
<li>PlatformVersion:测试设备的 Android 版本号</li>
</ul>
<h2>脚本的编写（以 Java 为例，其他语言的 Api 类似）</h2>
<h3>定位</h3>
<ul>
<li>常用 Api 通过各种属性定位</li>
<li>
<p>在 Android 测试中，一般使用 findElementsById() 或者 findElementById() 方法就够了，假如需要定位的控件没有 id的话，可以让开发人员帮忙添加上。</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>T findElementById(String id)</p>
</li>
<li>T findElementByName(String using)</li>
<li>T findElementByClassName(String using)</li>
<li>T findElementByXPath(String using)</li>
<li>List<T> findElementsById(String id)：通过 id 获取到定位</li>
<li>List<T> findElementsByName(String using)：通过 name 获取到定位</li>
<li>List<T> findElementsByClassName(String using)：通过类名获取到定位</li>
<li>List<T> findElementsByXPath(String using)：通过 XPath 定位（定位比较准，不会存在歧义的一种定位方法，就是比较麻烦，万一客户端的布局文件进行了修改，XPath 需要重写）</li>
</ul>
<h4>示例</h4>
<ul>
<li>driver.findElement(By.xpath(&quot;.//*[@text='Add Contact']&quot;))</li>
<li>driver.findElementById(&quot;com.xxx.xxx:id/login_btn&quot;);</li>
<li>driver.findElement(By.id(&quot;com.xxx.xxx:id/login_btn&quot;));</li>
<li>driver.findElementsById(&quot;com.xxx.xxx:id/login_btn&quot;).get(0)</li>
</ul>
<h3>点击</h3>
<ul>
<li>void click()</li>
</ul>
<h3>EditText 等控件输入文本</h3>
<ul>
<li>void sendKeys(CharSequence... keysToSend)</li>
</ul>
<h3>滑动</h3>
<ul>
<li>
<p>swipe(int startx, int starty, int endx, int endy, int duration)</p>
<ul>
<li>startx:开始坐标 x </li>
<li>starty:开始坐标 y</li>
<li>endx:结束坐标 x</li>
<li>endy:结束坐标 y</li>
<li>duration:滑动持续时间</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<p>向左滑动，手机分辨率为1080P,即1920×1080，坐标可以写成从（900，500）滑动到（400，500）。（该写法为 Android 中的 sp ,针对兼容性问题，目前在 Android 使用的是 dp ，所以这里用 sp 的话，会在不同分辨率的机子上出现问题，因此针对不同的设备，在脚本运行前需要进行代码的检查和校验）</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Android 坐标系</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p>Android 坐标系是以 x 轴的正方向和 y 轴的下方向为坐标系，即数学中的第四象限</p>
<p><img src="http://i.imgur.com/VtRhIYZ.png" /></p>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h3>截图</h3>
<ul>
<li><X> X getScreenshotAs(OutputType<X> outputType)</li>
</ul>
<h3>缩放</h3>
<ul>
<li>
缩：
<ul>
<li>
void pinch(WebElement el)
<ul>
<li>webElement:一般通过 findViewBy... 方法可以获取到 WebElement 的子类</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
void pinch(int x, int y)
<ul>
<li>（x,y）：坐标</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
放：
<ul>
<li>
void zoom(WebElement webElement)：缩放每个控件
<ul>
<li>webElement:一般通过 findViewBy... 方法可以获取到 WebElement 的子类</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
void zoom(int x, int y)：通过（x,y）坐标缩放
<ul>
<li>（x,y）：坐标</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h3>隐藏键盘</h3>
<ul>
<li>void hideKeyboard()</li>
</ul>
<h3>获取和设置横竖屏</h3>
<ul>
<li>
<p>ScreenOrientation getOrientation()：获取手机横竖屏信息</p>
<ul>
<li>返回值是一个枚举类型，通过 value() 方法可以得到手机屏幕的横竖屏信息。</li>
<li>landscape：横屏</li>
<li>portrait：竖屏</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<p>void rotate(ScreenOrientation orientation)：设置手机横竖屏</p>
<ul>
<li>
orientation：枚举类型
<ul>
<li>ScreenOrientation.LANDSCAPE</li>
<li>ScreenOrientation.PORTRAIT</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h3>等待时间</h3>
<ul>
<li>
<p>Thread.sleep(1000)：当前线程睡眠时间</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>在一定时间内等待某个元素的出现</p>
<pre><code> WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, 10);
wait.until(new ExpectedCondition&lt;WebElement&gt;() {
@Override
public WebElement apply(WebDriver d) {
return d.findElement(By.id(&quot;com.xxx.xxx:id/backlog_list_layout&quot;));
}
});
</code></pre>

</li>
<li>
<p>等待某个元素的出现</p>
<pre><code>private void waitForVisible(WebDriver driver, final By by, int waitTime) {
WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, waitTime);
for (int i = 0; i &lt; waitTime; i++) {
try {
driver.findElement(by);
break;
} catch (Exception e) {
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(1, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
}
}
wait.until(ExpectedConditions.visibilityOfElementLocated(by));
}
</code></pre>

</li>
</ul>
<h3>判断某个元素是否显示在屏幕上</h3>
<ul>
<li>boolean isDisplayed()</li>
</ul>
<h3>断言</h3>
<ul>
<li>
<p>断言，在 org.junit.Assert 包里，判断是否与预期结果一致。</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>void assertNull(Object object)</p>
</li>
<li>void assertNotNull(Object object)</li>
<li>void assertEquals(Object expected, Object actual) </li>
</ul>
<h3>应用工具类Api</h3>
<ul>
<li>
<p>app 是否安装：boolean isAppInstalled(String bundleId)：</p>
<ul>
<li>bundleId：应用的包名</li>
<li>返回值：返回一个布尔值，true 表示已安装了该应用</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<p>安装 apk:void installApp(String appPath)：</p>
<ul>
<li>appPath：apk路径</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<p>移出指定包名的app:void removeApp(String bundleId)</p>
<ul>
<li>bundleId：应用的包名</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>运行app:void launchApp()</li>
<li>关闭app:void closeApp()</li>
<li>
<p>app放到后台：void runAppInBackground(int seconds)</p>
<ul>
<li>seconds：后台放置时间</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<p>执行命令：Response execute(String command)</p>
<ul>
<li>command：命令</li>
<li>返回值是一个 Resonse，可以解析 Response 来判断是否执行成功。</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h2>代码示例</h2>
<h3>Java</h3>
<pre><code>package com.saucelabs.appium;

import io.appium.java_client.AppiumDriver;
import io.appium.java_client.android.AndroidDriver;
import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.remote.DesiredCapabilities;

import java.io.File;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.List;

import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;

public class AndroidTest {

private AppiumDriver&lt;WebElement&gt; driver;

@Before
public void setUp() throws Exception {
File classpathRoot = new File(System.getProperty(&quot;user.dir&quot;));
File appDir = new File(classpathRoot, &quot;../../../apps/ApiDemos/bin&quot;);
File app = new File(appDir, &quot;ApiDemos-debug.apk&quot;);
DesiredCapabilities capabilities = new DesiredCapabilities();
capabilities.setCapability(&quot;deviceName&quot;,&quot;Android Emulator&quot;);
capabilities.setCapability(&quot;platformVersion&quot;, &quot;4.4&quot;);
capabilities.setCapability(&quot;app&quot;, app.getAbsolutePath());
capabilities.setCapability(&quot;appPackage&quot;, &quot;io.appium.android.apis&quot;);
capabilities.setCapability(&quot;appActivity&quot;, &quot;.ApiDemos&quot;);
driver = new AndroidDriver&lt;&gt;(new URL(&quot;http://127.0.0.1:4723/wd/hub&quot;), capabilities);
}

@After
public void tearDown() throws Exception {
driver.quit();
}

@Test
public void apiDemo(){
WebElement el = driver.findElement(By.xpath(&quot;.//*[@text='Animation']&quot;));
assertEquals(&quot;Animation&quot;, el.getText());
el = driver.findElementByClassName(&quot;android.widget.TextView&quot;);
assertEquals(&quot;API Demos&quot;, el.getText());
el = driver.findElement(By.xpath(&quot;.//*[@text='App']&quot;));
el.click();
List&lt;WebElement&gt; els = driver.findElementsByClassName(&quot;android.widget.TextView&quot;);
assertEquals(&quot;Activity&quot;, els.get(2).getText());
}

}
</code></pre>

<h3>Python</h3>
<pre><code>import os
from time import sleep

import unittest

from appium import webdriver

# Returns abs path relative to this file and not cwd
PATH = lambda p: os.path.abspath(
os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), p)
)

class SimpleAndroidTests(unittest.TestCase):
def setUp(self):
desired_caps = {}
desired_caps['platformName'] = 'Android'
desired_caps['platformVersion'] = '4.2'
desired_caps['deviceName'] = 'Android Emulator'
desired_caps['app'] = PATH(
'../../../sample-code/apps/ApiDemos/bin/ApiDemos-debug.apk'
)

self.driver = webdriver.Remote('http://localhost:4723/wd/hub', desired_caps)

def tearDown(self):
# end the session
self.driver.quit()

def test_find_elements(self):
el = self.driver.find_element_by_accessibility_id('Graphics')
el.click()
el = self.driver.find_element_by_accessibility_id('Arcs')
self.assertIsNotNone(el)

self.driver.back()

el = self.driver.find_element_by_accessibility_id(&quot;App&quot;)
self.assertIsNotNone(el)

els = self.driver.find_elements_by_android_uiautomator(&quot;new UiSelector().clickable(true)&quot;)
self.assertGreaterEqual(12, len(els))

self.driver.find_element_by_android_uiautomator('text(&quot;API Demos&quot;)')

def test_simple_actions(self):
el = self.driver.find_element_by_accessibility_id('Graphics')
el.click()

el = self.driver.find_element_by_accessibility_id('Arcs')
el.click()

self.driver.find_element_by_android_uiautomator('new UiSelector().text(&quot;Graphics/Arcs&quot;)')

if __name__ == '__main__':
suite = unittest.TestLoader().loadTestsFromTestCase(SimpleAndroidTests)
unittest.TextTestRunner(verbosity=2).run(suite)
</code></pre>

<blockquote>
<p><a href="https://github.com/appium/sample-code/tree/master/sample-code/examples">GitHub示例代码</a></p>
</blockquote>
<h2>app示例代码</h2>
<h3>测试环境下，app登录，进入待办1000次，并截图</h3>
<pre><code>import io.appium.java_client.AppiumDriver;
import io.appium.java_client.android.AndroidDriver;
import io.appium.java_client.android.AndroidElement;
import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;
import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Assert;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.OutputType;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.remote.DesiredCapabilities;
import org.openqa.selenium.remote.SessionId;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.ExpectedCondition;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.ExpectedConditions;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.WebDriverWait;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

public class AppTest {
private AppiumDriver&lt;AndroidElement&gt; driver;

@Before
public void setUp() throws Exception {
// set up appium
File classpathRoot = new File(System.getProperty(&quot;user.dir&quot;));
File appDir = new File(classpathRoot, &quot;apps&quot;);
File app = new File(appDir, &quot;app.apk&quot;);
DesiredCapabilities capabilities = new DesiredCapabilities();
capabilities.setCapability(&quot;deviceName&quot;, &quot;4d003d169c0c4037&quot;);
capabilities.setCapability(&quot;platformVersion&quot;, &quot;5.0.1&quot;);
capabilities.setCapability(&quot;app&quot;, app.getAbsolutePath());
capabilities.setCapability(&quot;appPackage&quot;, &quot;com.xxx.xxx&quot;);
capabilities.setCapability(&quot;appActivity&quot;, &quot;.ui.activity.WelcomeActivity&quot;);
driver = new AndroidDriver&lt;&gt;(new URL(&quot;http://127.0.0.1:4723/wd/hub&quot;), capabilities);
}

@After
public void tearDown() throws Exception {
driver.removeApp(&quot;com.xxx.xxx&quot;);
SessionId sessionId = driver.getSessionId();
sessionId = null;
driver.quit();
}

@Test
public void appLogin() {
waitForVisible(driver, By.id(&quot;com.xxx.xxx:id/login_btn&quot;), 10);
if (driver.findElementsById(&quot;com.xxx.xxx:id/login_btn&quot;).get(0).isDisplayed()) {
AndroidElement userName = driver.findElementsById(&quot;com.xxx.xxx:id/login_username_edit_text&quot;).get(0);
userName.sendKeys(&quot;username&quot;);
AndroidElement password = driver.findElementsById(&quot;com.xxx.xxx:id/login_password_edit_text&quot;).get(0);
password.click();

driver.hideKeyboard();
//判断登录框是否输入了
Assert.assertEquals(&quot;username&quot;, userName.getText());
//等待2秒
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(2, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

password.click();
password.sendKeys(&quot;password&quot;);
//隐藏弹出的键盘
driver.hideKeyboard();
//判断输入的密码不为空
Assert.assertNotNull(password.getText());
//点击登录按钮
driver.findElementsById(&quot;com.xxx.xxx:id/login_btn&quot;).get(0).click();
//登录等待
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
task();
}
}

private void task() {
AndroidElement androidElement = driver.findElementsById(&quot;com.xxx.xxx:id/main_tab_apps&quot;).get(0);
driver.zoom(androidElement);
waitForVisible(driver, By.id(&quot;com.xxx.xxx:id/main_tab_msgs&quot;), 10);
//跳转到应用页面
driver.findElementsById(&quot;com.xxx.xxx:id/main_tab_apps&quot;).get(0).click();
//等待5秒
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
//判断GridView是否显示
if (driver.findElementsById(&quot;com.xxx.xxx:id/application_grid_view&quot;).get(0).isDisplayed()) {
System.out.println(&quot;待办开始时间：&quot; + getCurrentTime());
for (int i = 0; i &lt; 1000; i++) {
AndroidElement daibanElement = driver.findElementsById(&quot;com.xxx.xxx:id/item_content_linear&quot;).get(0);
daibanElement.click();
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(2, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
taskLogin(i);
}
System.out.println(&quot;待办结束时间：&quot; + getCurrentTime());
}
}

boolean isFirst = true;

//待办登录
// @Test
public void taskLogin(int time) {
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(3, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
if (isFirst) {
AndroidElement userName = driver.findElementsById(&quot;com.xxx.xxx:id/login_username_edit_text&quot;).get(0);
userName.sendKeys(&quot;username&quot;);

driver.hideKeyboard();
Assert.assertEquals(&quot;username&quot;, userName.getText());
//等待1秒
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(1, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
AndroidElement password = driver.findElementById(&quot;com.xxx.xxx:id/login_password_edit_text&quot;);
if (password.getText().trim().equals(&quot;&quot;)) {
System.out.println(&quot;password为null&quot;);
password.click();
password.sendKeys(&quot;1&quot;);
//隐藏弹出的键盘
driver.hideKeyboard();
}
isFirst = false;
}
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(1, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
//点击登录按钮
driver.findElementsById(&quot;com.xxx.xxx:id/login_btn&quot;).get(0).click();
System.out.println(&quot;第 &quot; + time + &quot; 次登录&quot;);
backTask(time);
}

//截图
public void getScreen(int time) {
String fileRoute = &quot;/testing/screen/&quot;;
String picname = fileRoute + String.valueOf(time) + &quot;.png&quot;;
File screen = driver.getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE);
System.out.println(picname);
File screenFile = new File(picname);
try {
FileUtils.copyFile(screen, screenFile);
System.out.println(&quot;第 &quot; + time + &quot; 截图&quot;);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}

//从待办列表返回
public void backTask(int time) {
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
List&lt;AndroidElement&gt; elementsById = driver.findElementsById(&quot;com.xxx.xxx:id/backlog_list_layout&quot;);
getScreen(time);
if (null != elementsById &amp;&amp; elementsById.size() &gt; 0) {
AndroidElement backButton = elementsById.get(0);
if (backButton.isDisplayed()) {
backButton.click();
}
//长时间操作，可能会出现无法获取到backButton的情况，做判断，list是否为null或者size为0；
} else if (null == elementsById || elementsById.size() == 0) {
//等待10秒，直到能找到backButton元素
getScreen(-1);
WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, 10);
wait.until(new ExpectedCondition&lt;WebElement&gt;() {
@Override
public WebElement apply(WebDriver d) {
return d.findElement(By.id(&quot;com.xxx.xxx:id/backlog_list_layout&quot;));
}
});
driver.findElementsById(&quot;com.xxx.xxx:id/backlog_list_layout&quot;).get(0).click();

}
}

private String getCurrentTime() {
SimpleDateFormat df = new SimpleDateFormat(&quot;yyyy-MM-dd:HH-mm-ss&quot;);
return df.format(new Date());
}

private void waitForVisible(WebDriver driver, final By by, int waitTime) {
WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, waitTime);
for (int i = 0; i &lt; waitTime; i++) {
try {
driver.findElement(by);
break;
} catch (Exception e) {
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(1, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
}
}
wait.until(ExpectedConditions.visibilityOfElementLocated(by));
}
}
</code></pre>

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