Asp.net操作Excel更轻松

今天先介绍一个关于导出数据的例子，以Excel为模板。直接进入正题了。

 1.操作Excel的动态链接库

2.建立操作动态链接库的共通类，方便调用。（ExcelHelper）

具体如下：

using System;
using System.Data;
using System.Configuration;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Security;
using System.Web.UI;
using System.Web.UI.HtmlControls;
using System.Web.UI.WebControls;
using System.Web.UI.WebControls.WebParts;
using System.Xml.Linq;
using System.IO;
using System.Reflection;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Collections;

/// <summary>
///ExcelHelper 的摘要说明
/// </summary>
public class ExcelHelper
{
    private string reportModelPath = null;
    private string outPutFilePath = null;
    private object missing = Missing.Value;
    Excel.Application app;
    Excel.Workbook workBook;
    Excel.Worksheet workSheet;
    Excel.Range range;

    /// <summary>
    /// 获取或设置报表模板路径
    /// </summary>
    public string ReportModelPath
    {
        get { return reportModelPath; }
        set { reportModelPath = value; }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 获取或设置输出路径
    /// </summary>
    public string OutPutFilePath
    {
        get { return outPutFilePath; }
        set { outPutFilePath = value; }
    }


    public ExcelHelper()
    {
        //
        //TODO: 在此处添加构造函数逻辑
        //
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 带参ExcelHelper构造函数
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="reportModelPath">报表模板路径</param>
    /// <param name="outPutFilePath">输出路径</param>
    public ExcelHelper(string reportModelPath, string outPutFilePath)
    {
        //路径验证
        if (null == reportModelPath || ("").Equals(reportModelPath))
            throw new Exception("报表模板路径不能为空！");
        if (null == outPutFilePath || ("").Equals(outPutFilePath))
            throw new Exception("输出路径不能为空！");
        if (!File.Exists(reportModelPath))
            throw new Exception("报表模板路径不存在！");

        //设置路径值
        this.ReportModelPath = reportModelPath;
        this.OutPutFilePath = outPutFilePath;

        //创建一个应用程序对象
        app = new Excel.ApplicationClass();
       
        //打开模板文件，获取WorkBook对象
        workBook = app.Workbooks.Open(reportModelPath, missing, missing, missing, missing, missing, missing, 
                                      missing, missing, missing, missing, missing, missing);

        //得到WorkSheet对象
        workSheet = workBook.Sheets.get_Item(1) as Excel.Worksheet;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 给单元格设值
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="rowIndex">行索引</param>
    /// <param name="colIndex">列索引</param>
    /// <param name="content">填充的内容</param>
    public void SetCells(int rowIndex,int colIndex,object content)
    {
        if (null != content)
        {
            content = content.ToString();
        }
        else
        {
            content = string.Empty;
        }

        try
        {
            workSheet.Cells[rowIndex, colIndex] = content;
        }
        catch
        {
            GC();
            throw new Exception("向单元格[" + rowIndex + "," + colIndex + "]写数据出错！");
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 保存文件
    /// </summary>
    public void SaveFile()
    {
        try
        {
            workBook.SaveAs(outPutFilePath, missing, missing, missing, missing, missing,
                Excel.XlSaveAsAccessMode.xlExclusive, missing, missing, missing, missing);
        }
        catch
        {
            throw new Exception("保存至文件失败！");
        }
        finally
        {
            Dispose();
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 垃圾回收处理
    /// </summary>
    protected void GC()
    {
        if (null != app)
        {
            int generation = 0;
            System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject(app);

            generation = System.GC.GetGeneration(app);
            System.GC.Collect(generation);
            app = null;
            missing = null;
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 释放资源
    /// </summary>
    protected void Dispose()
    {
        workBook.Close(null, null, null);
        app.Workbooks.Close();
        app.Quit();

        if (null != workSheet)
        {
            System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject(workSheet);
            workSheet = null;
        }
        if (workBook != null)
        {
            System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject(workBook);
            workBook = null;
        }
        if (app != null)
        {
            int generation = 0;
            System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject(app);
            generation = System.GC.GetGeneration(app);
            System.GC.Collect(generation);
            app = null;
            missing = null;
        }
    }
}

通过ExcelHelper类提供的SetCells()和SaveFile()方法可以给Excel单元格赋值并保存到临时文件夹内。仅供参考。

3.调用

因为这里需要用到导出模板，所以需要先建立模板。具体如下：、

    /// <summary>
    /// 导出数据
    /// </summary>
    protected void Export_Data()
    {
        int ii = 0;
        //取得报表模板文件路径
        string reportModelPath = HttpContext.Current.Server.MapPath("ReportModel/导出订单模板.csv");
        //导出报表文件名
        fileName = string.Format("{0}-{1}{2}.csv", "导出订单明细", DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyyMMdd"), GetRndNum(3));
        //导出文件路径
        string outPutFilePath = HttpContext.Current.Server.MapPath("Temp_Down/" + fileName);
        //创建Excel对象
        ExcelHelper excel = new ExcelHelper(reportModelPath, outPutFilePath);

        SqlDataReader sdr = Get_Data();
        while (sdr.Read())
        {
            ii++;
            excel.SetCells(1 + ii, 1, ii);
            excel.SetCells(1 + ii, 2, sdr["C_Name"]);
            excel.SetCells(1 + ii, 3, sdr["C_Mtel"]);
            excel.SetCells(1 + ii, 4, sdr["C_Tel"]);
            excel.SetCells(1 + ii, 5, sdr["C_Province"]);
            excel.SetCells(1 + ii, 6, sdr["C_Address"]);
            excel.SetCells(1 + ii, 7, sdr["C_Postcode"]);
        }
        sdr.Close();
        excel.SaveFile();
    }

关于导出就简单写到这，另外下一节讲介绍如何通过这个类库上传Excel文件。