Chapter 1: A Simple Web Server

时间：2021-08-07 21:49:25

这算是一篇读书笔记，留着以后复习看看。

Web Server又称为Http Server，因为它使用HTTP协议和客户端（一般是各种各样的浏览器）进行通信。

什么是HTTP协议呢？

HTTP协议是基于有状态的TCP协议（默认的的TCP端口是80），最早版本的HTTP协议是HTTP/0.9，然后被HTTP/1.0代替了，代替HTTP/1.0的是现在使用的HTTP/1.1，详细介绍可以看RFC（请求注释）文档：http://www.w3.org/Protocols/HTTP/1.1/rfc2616.pdf。在HTTP协议中，总是客户端发起一个请求，服务器端是不会向客户端发起请求的。不管是客户端还是服务器端，都可以随时结束请求。

一个HTTP请求是由3部分组成的，请求行+请求头+请求实体，如下面这样

POST /examples/default.jsp HTTP/1.1

Host: localhost

Connection: Keep-Alive

Content-Length: 33

Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded

lastName=Franks&firstName=Michael

NOTE:请求头和请求实体之间要有一个空行（如果不包含请求实体，那么请求头结束后也要有一个空行），并且请求实体结束了要有一个空行。这样就是一个合法的HTTP请求了。

NOTE:一个合法的HTTP请求，应该可以没有请求实体，但是请求行和请求头（猜想这个请求头Connection: 是必须的）是不可以少的。

下面用一个例子，通过手动构造HTTP请求，请求baidu服务器端

/**

 * Created by user on 14-1-11.

 */

public class TestSocket1 {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

        //建立连接

        Socket socket = new Socket("www.baidu.com", 80);

        InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();

        OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();

        //发送请求

//        //发送请求 方法1

//        boolean autoFlush = true;

//        PrintWriter pw = new PrintWriter(os, autoFlush);

//        pw.println("GET / HTTP/1.1");

//        pw.println("Host: www.baidu.com");

//        pw.println("Connection: Close");

//        //NOTE: 即使没有请求体，请求头后面的回车换行也是不可以少的

//        pw.println();

        //发送请求 方法2

        String CRLF = "\r\n";

        StringBuffer requestSb = new StringBuffer();

        requestSb.append("GET / HTTP/1.1").append(CRLF)

                 .append("Host: www.baidu.com").append(CRLF)

                 .append("Connection: Close").append(CRLF)

                 .append(CRLF);

        os.write(requestSb.toString().getBytes());

        os.flush();

/*

      //发送请求 方法3 : 测试，请求头是必须的，请求行也是必须的（至少要有Connection: ）

      String CRLF = "\r\n";

      StringBuffer requestSb = new StringBuffer();

      requestSb.append("GET / HTTP/1.1").append(CRLF)

//               .append("Host: www.baidu.com").append(CRLF)

               .append("Connection: Close").append(CRLF)

               .append(CRLF);

      os.write(requestSb.toString().getBytes());

      os.flush();

*/

        //读取响应

        BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is, "UTF-8"));

        StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer(1024 * 8);

        boolean loop = true;

        while(loop) {

            if(br.ready()) {

                int i = 0;

                while(i != -1) {

                    i = br.read();

                    sb.append((char)i);

                }

                loop = false;

            }

        }

        System.out.println(sb.toString());

        socket.close();

    }

}

结果如下：

HTTP/1.1 200 OK

Date: Sat, 11 Jan 2014 00:11:08 GMT

Content-Type: text/html

Transfer-Encoding: chunked

Connection: Close

Vary: Accept-Encoding

Set-Cookie: BAIDUID=E89438B4C3C8B9A5D360DA8EF0F30A79:FG=1; expires=Thu, 31-Dec-37 23:55:55 GMT; max-age=2147483647; path=/; domain=.baidu.com

Set-Cookie: BDSVRTM=0; path=/

Set-Cookie: H_PS_PSSID=4848_4820_4787_1446_4261_4989_4897_4760_4883_4678; path=/; domain=.baidu.com

P3P: CP=" OTI DSP COR IVA OUR IND COM "

Expires: Sat, 11 Jan 2014 00:10:20 GMT

Cache-Control: private

Server: BWS/1.1

BDPAGETYPE: 1

BDQID: 0x9626313d91064e78

BDUSERID: 0

3d94

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模仿how tomcat works第一章写的程序，地址：http://download.csdn.net/detail/hx888/6836501

运行效果

Chapter 1: A Simple Web Server

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