python之微信推送详解
用什么推送
-邮件
-微信推送
-短信推送
微信推送
-公众号(不能主动给用户发消息)
-认证的公众号:需要营业执照,需要交钱,可以发多篇文章
-未认证的公众号:一天只能发一篇文章
-服务号(微信推送)
-需要申请,需要认证
-可以主动给用户推送消息
-能给推送的人,必须关注我的服务号
-沙箱环境
-企业号
-企业里用的:
-你们所见的二维码:其实就是一个url地址
-咱们在前端通过url(https://open.weixin.qq.com/connect/oauth2.....)生成一个二维码
-注意*****修改:网页授权获取用户基本信息
本次使用的是基于服务号的推送!!!
首先我们需要让用户关注我们,但是关注我们之后用户只是成为了我们服务号下的粉丝,我们并不能直接给他们推送我们,需要在数据库中存储用户的唯一ID,当然我们也不能直接弹出输入框让用户自己输入吧,所以我们需要循循善诱的让用户再次扫码让我们后台存储其ID。
全场最佳分析图:(注:只是自动存储用户唯一ID“open-id”的流程图)
文件目录图:
视图层:
import json
import functools
import requests
from django.conf import settings
from django.shortcuts import render, redirect, HttpResponse
from django.http import JsonResponse
from app01 import models
# 沙箱环境地质:https://mp.weixin.qq.com/debug/cgi-bin/sandbox?t=sandbox/login
def index(request):
obj = models.UserInfo.objects.get(id=1)
return render(request,'index.html',{'obj':obj}) def auth(func):
def inner(request, *args, **kwargs):
user_info = request.session.get('user_info')
if not user_info:
return redirect('/login/')
return func(request, *args, **kwargs) return inner def login(request):
"""
用户登录
:param request:
:return:
"""
# models.UserInfo.objects.create(username='luffy',password=123) if request.method == "POST":
user = request.POST.get('user')
pwd = request.POST.get('pwd')
obj = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(username=user, password=pwd).first()
if obj:
request.session['user_info'] = {'id': obj.id, 'name': obj.username, 'uid': obj.uid}
return redirect('/bind/')
else:
return render(request, 'login.html') @auth
def bind(request):
"""
用户登录后,关注公众号,并绑定个人微信(用于以后消息推送)
:param request:
:return:
"""
return render(request, 'bind.html') @auth
def bind_qcode(request):
"""
生成二维码
:param request:
:return:
"""
ret = {'code': 1000}
try:
access_url = "https://open.weixin.qq.com/connect/oauth2/authorize?appid={appid}&redirect_uri={redirect_uri}&response_type=code&scope=snsapi_userinfo&state={state}#wechat_redirect"
access_url = access_url.format(
# 商户的appid
appid=settings.WECHAT_CONFIG["app_id"], # 'wx6edde7a6a97e4fcd',
# 回调地址
redirect_uri=settings.WECHAT_CONFIG["redirect_uri"],
# 当前登录用户的唯一id
state=request.session['user_info']['uid'] # 为当前用户生成MD5值
)
ret['data'] = access_url
except Exception as e:
ret['code'] = 1001
ret['msg'] = str(e) return JsonResponse(ret) def callback(request):
"""
用户在手机微信上扫码后,微信自动调用该方法。
用于获取扫码用户的唯一ID,以后用于给他推送消息。
:param request:
:return:
"""
code = request.GET.get("code") # 用户md5值,用户唯一id
state = request.GET.get("state") # 获取该用户openId(用户唯一,用于给用户发送消息)
# request模块朝https://api.weixin.qq.com/sns/oauth2/access_token地址发get请求
res = requests.get(
url="https://api.weixin.qq.com/sns/oauth2/access_token",
params={
"appid": 'wx3e1f0883236623f9',
"secret": '508ec4590702c76e6863be6df01ad95a',
"code": code,
"grant_type": 'authorization_code',
}
).json()
# res.data 是json格式
# res=json.loads(res.data)
# res是一个字典
# 获取的到openid表示用户授权成功
openid = res.get("openid")
if openid:
models.UserInfo.objects.filter(uid=state).update(wx_id=openid)
response = "<h1>授权成功 %s </h1>" % openid
else:
response = "<h1>用户扫码之后,手机上的提示</h1>"
return HttpResponse(response) def sendmsg(request):
def get_access_token():
"""
获取微信全局接口的凭证(默认有效期俩个小时)
如果不每天请求次数过多, 通过设置缓存即可
"""
result = requests.get(
url="https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/token",
params={
"grant_type": "client_credential",
"appid": settings.WECHAT_CONFIG['app_id'],
"secret": settings.WECHAT_CONFIG['appsecret'],
}
).json()
if result.get("access_token"):
access_token = result.get('access_token')
else:
access_token = None
return access_token access_token = get_access_token() openid = models.UserInfo.objects.get(id=1).wx_id def send_custom_msg():
body = {
"touser": openid,
"msgtype": "text",
"text": {
"content": 'lqz大帅哥'
}
}
response = requests.post(
url="https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/message/custom/send",
# 放到路径?后面的东西
params={
'access_token': access_token
},
# 这是post请求body体中的内容
data=bytes(json.dumps(body, ensure_ascii=False), encoding='utf-8')
)
# 这里可根据回执code进行判定是否发送成功(也可以根据code根据错误信息)
result = response.json()
return result def send_template_msg():
"""
发送模版消息
"""
res = requests.post(
url="https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/message/template/send",
params={
'access_token': access_token
},
json={
"touser": openid,
"template_id": 'IaSe9s0rukUfKy4ZCbP4p7Hqbgp1L4hG6_EGobO2gMg',
"data": {
"first": {
"value": "lqz",
"color": "#173177"
},
"keyword1": {
"value": "大帅哥",
"color": "#173177"
},
}
}
)
result = res.json()
return result result = send_custom_msg() if result.get('errcode') == 0:
return HttpResponse('发送成功')
return HttpResponse('发送失败')
路由层:
from django.conf.urls import url
from django.contrib import admin
from app01 import views urlpatterns = [
url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
url(r'^login/$', views.login),
url(r'^index/$', views.index),
url(r'^bind/$', views.bind),
url(r'^bind_qcode/$', views.bind_qcode),
url(r'^callback/$', views.callback),
url(r'^sendmsg/$', views.sendmsg),
]
模板层:
bing:
{% load staticfiles %} <!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<div style="width: 600px;margin: 0 auto">
<div>
<h3>第一步:关注微信服务号</h3>
<img style="height: 100px;width: 100px" src="{% static "img/luffy.jpeg" %}">
</div>
<input type="button" value="下一步【获取绑定二维码】" onclick="getBindUserQcode()">
<div>
<h3>第二步:绑定个人账户</h3>
<div id="qrcode" style="width: 250px;height: 250px;background-color: white;margin: 100px auto;"></div>
</div>
</div>
<script src="{% static "js/jquery.min.js" %}"></script>
{#qrcode 可以生成二维码 #}
<script src="{% static "js/jquery.qrcode.min.js" %}"></script>
<script src="{% static "js/qrcode.js" %}"></script>
<script>
function getBindUserQcode() {
$.ajax({
url: '/bind_qcode/',
type: 'GET',
success: function (result) {
console.log(result);
//result.data 取出来的是什么?是后台生成的一个地址
//通过js生成一个二维码图片放到div中
$('#qrcode').empty().qrcode({text: result.data});
}
});
}
</script> </body>
</html>
index:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
</head>
<body>
<h1>{{ obj.username }} -> {{ obj.wx_id }}</h1>
</body>
</html>
login:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="/login/" method="post">
{% csrf_token %}
<input type="text" name="user" placeholder="用户名">
<input type="password" name="pwd" placeholder="密码">
<input type="submit" value="登录">
</form>
</body>
</html>