一、序列化类的增、删、改、查
用drf的序列化组件
-定义一个类继承class BookSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
-写字段,如果不指定source,字段名必须跟数据库字段名对应(source指定的值跟字段名不能重复)
-source还可以指定方法
-publish=serializers.SerializerMethodField()
def get_publish(self,obj):
obj.publish
#obj.authors.all()
- Serializer
-ModelSerializer
class Meta:
# 指定表模型
model = models.Book
# 序列化所有字段
fields = '__all__'
# 只想序列化title和id这俩字段
# fields = ['title', 'id']
# exclude 和fields 不要连用
# exclude = ['title']
depth=1
# 先创建一个序列化的类继承ModelSerializer
# ModelSerializer跟表模型绑定序列化
from app import models class BookSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
# 指定表模型
model = models.Book
# 序列化所有的字段
fields = '__all__'
# 只想序列化title和id两个字段
# fields = ['title','id']
# exclude 和 fields不要连用
# excude = ['title]
# depth深度，表示链表的深度
#不建议使用：下几层要取得参数不能控制，官方建议不要超过10，个人建议不超过3
# depth = 1 # publish = serializers.CharField(source='publish.name')
# authors = serializers.SerializerMethodField()
# def get_authors(self, obj):
# author_list = obj.authors.all()
# author_ser = AuthorSer(instance=author_list, many=True)
# return author_ser.data #为书名增加自定义需求
title = serializers.CharField(max_length=6,min_length=3,error_messages={'max_length':'太长了'}) #也有局部钩子函数
def validate_title(self,value):
from rest_framework import exceptions
print(value)
if value.startswith('tmd'):
raise exceptions.ValidationError('不能以tmd开头')
return value
#新增
from app.MySer import BookSerializer
from django.views import View
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.response import Response
from app import models class Books(APIView): # 新增方法
def post(self,request):
response = {'status':100,'msg':'成功'}
# book = request.data
# 以往是提交字典，创建对象保存
# 新方法时通过序列化组件保存，必须继承自ModelSerializer
# data注意是data
book_ser = BookSerializer(data=request.data)
# is_valid提交的字段通过验证
if book_ser.is_valid():
book_ser.save()
response['book']=book_ser.data
else:
response['msg'] = book_ser.errors
return Response(response)
#删除
class Book(APIView):
# 删除方法
def delete(self,request,id):
response = {'status': 100, 'msg': '删除成功'}
book = models.Book.objects.filter(pk=id).delete()
return Response(response)
# 修改
class Book(APIView):
# 修改方法
def put(self,request,id):
response={'status':100,'msg':'成功'}
book = models.Book.objects.filter(pk=id).first()
# 修改的话需要把book对象传过来，实例化ser对象出来
book_ser = BookSerializer(data=request.data,instance=book)
# is_valid提交的字段校验通过
if book_ser.is_valid():
# save既可以修改，又可以更新
book_ser.save()
response['book'] = book_ser.data
else:
response['msg'] = book_ser.errors
return Response(response)
# 查询所有
class Books(APIView):
# 查询方法多个
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
response = {'status': 100, 'msg': '成功'}
book_list = models.Book.objects.all()
# 第一个参数是要序列化的queryset对象,如果序列化多条,必须指定many=True
# 问?什么情况下many=False,instance=单个对象的时候
book_ser = BookSerializer(book_list, many=True)
print(book_ser.data)
response['books'] = book_ser.data
return Response(response)
# 查询单个
class Book(APIView):
# 查询单个方法
def get(self,request, id):
response = {'status':100,'msg':'成功'}
book = models.Book.objects.filter(pk=id).first()
book_ser = BookSerializer(book,many=False)
response['book'] = book_ser.data
return Response(response)
二、局部和全局钩子源码流程
#为书名增加自定义需求
title = serializers.CharField(max_length=6,min_length=3,error_messages={'max_length':'太长了'}) #也有局部钩子函数
def validate_title(self,value):
from rest_framework import exceptions
print(value)
if value.startswith('tmd'):
raise exceptions.ValidationError('不能以tmd开头')
return value
三、认证源码分析执行流程
#Request对象的user方法
@property
def user(self):
the authentication classes provided to the request.
if not hasattr(self, '_user'):
with wrap_attributeerrors():
self._authenticate()
return self._user def _authenticate(self):
for authenticator in self.authenticators:
try:
user_auth_tuple = authenticator.authenticate(self)
except exceptions.APIException:
self._not_authenticated()
raise
#认证成功，可以返回一个元组，但必须是最后一个验证类才能返回
if user_auth_tuple is not None:
self._authenticator = authenticator
self.user, self.auth = user_auth_tuple
return self._not_authenticated()
self.authenticators
def get_authenticators(self):
return [auth() for auth in self.authentication_classes]