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最简单的基于FFmpeg的libswscale的示例系列文章列表:
最简单的基于FFmpeg的libswscale的示例(YUV转RGB)
最简单的基于FFmpeg的libswscale的示例附件:测试图片生成工具
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本文记录一个自己写的简单的测试图片生成工具:simplest_pic_gen。该工具可以生成视频测试时候常用的RGB/YUV格式的测试图片。包括灰阶测试图,彩条图,彩色条纹图,RGB渐变彩条图,YUV渐变彩条图,颜色视频等。下面简单介绍一下这些测试图片的生成函数。
这里有一点需要注意:查看生成的图片需要使用RGB/YUV播放器。
灰阶测试图
亮度取值为16-235的灰阶测试图
下面这张图是一张灰阶测试图的示例。这张图的分辨率是1280x720,像素格式是YUV420P,亮度的取值范围是16-235,一共包含了10级的灰度。最左边的灰度竖条的YUV取值为(16,128,128),最右边的灰度竖条的YUV取值为(235,128,128)。
亮度取值为0-255的灰阶测试图
下面这张图的分辨率是1280x720,像素格式是YUV420P,亮度的取值范围是0-255,一共包含了10级的灰度。最左边的灰度竖条的YUV取值为(0,128,128),最右边的灰度竖条的YUV取值为(255,128,128)。
在生成灰度图的同时,程序会打印出每一个灰阶的YUV取值。
函数原型
gen_yuv420p_graybar()是用于生成灰阶测试图的函数,该函数的定义如下。
/** * Generate Picture contains Gray Bar changing from Black to White in YUV420P Format * * @param width the width of picture. * @param height the height of picture. * @param barnum the number of Bars in the picture. * @param ymin the minimum value of luminance. * @param ymax the maximum value of luminance. * @return 0 if finished, -1 if there are errors. */ int gen_yuv420p_graybar(int width, int height,int barnum,unsigned char ymin,unsigned char ymax);
简单解释每个参数的含义:
width:图像宽
height:图像高
barnum:灰阶数量
ymin:亮度最小取值
ymax:亮度最大取值
如果函数成功运行的话,会生成一个名称为“graybar_%dx%d_yuv420p.yuv”的YUV420P格式的文件(其中%dx%d代表了图像的宽和高)。
例如,生成分辨率为1280x720的上文中的灰阶图的代码如下。
亮度取值范围为16-235:
gen_yuv420p_graybar(1280,720,10,16,235);
亮度取值范围为0-255
gen_yuv420p_graybar(1280,720,10,0,255);
彩条测试图
在电视节目的制作播出及设备维护中,最常用的莫过于彩条信号了。这是由于彩条信号能正确反映出各种彩色的亮度、色调和饱和度,是检验视频通道传输质量最方便的手段。下面这张图是一张彩条测试图的示例。这张图的分辨率是1280x720,像素格式是RGB24,包含了电视系统中常见的“白黄青绿品红蓝黑”彩条。
“白黄青绿品红蓝黑”彩条中每种颜色的RGB取值如下所示:
颜色 |
(R, G, B)取值 |
白 |
(255, 255, 255) |
黄 |
(255, 255, 0) |
青 |
(0, 255, 255) |
绿 |
(0, 255, 0) |
品 |
(255, 0, 255) |
红 |
(255, 0, 0) |
蓝 |
(0, 0, 255) |
黑 |
(0, 0, 0) |
很多人会奇怪,这8个彩条信号的顺序为什么是“白黄青绿品红蓝黑”?其实,它们是按照它们的亮度进行排序的。
RGB转换为YUV的过程中,可以通过RGB计算该颜色的亮度。计算的公式如下所示。
把上述8个颜色的R,G,B取值带入上述公式,可以得到每种颜色的亮度取值,如下所示:
颜色 |
亮度取值 |
白 |
255 |
黄 |
225 |
青 |
178 |
绿 |
149 |
品 |
105 |
红 |
76 |
蓝 |
29 |
黑 |
0 |
在生成彩条图像之后,程序会打印出彩条信号的颜色信息,如下图所示。
函数原型
gen_rgb24_colorbar()是用于生成彩条测试图的函数,该函数的原型如下。
/** * Generate Picture contains standard Color Bar in RGB24 Format * * @param width the width of picture. * @param height the height of picture. * @return 0 if finished, -1 if there are errors. */ int gen_rgb24_colorbar(int width, int height);
简单解释每个参数的含义:
width:图像宽
height:图像高
如果函数成功运行的话,会生成一个名称为“colorbar_%dx%d_rgb24.rgb”的RGB24格式的文件(其中%dx%d代表了图像的宽和高)。
例如,生成分辨率为1280x720的上文中的彩条图的代码如下。
gen_rgb24_colorbar(1280,720);
彩色条纹图
条纹图也是常见的一种测试图。下面这张图是一张彩色条纹图的示例。这张图的分辨率是1280x720,像素格式是RGB24,条纹的颜色为红色。其中竖直条纹的宽度为1像素,条纹之间的间隔也是1像素。
函数原型
gen_rgb24_stripe ()是用于生成会接测试图的函数,该函数的原型如下。
/** * Generate Picture contains Stripe in RGB24 Format * * @param width the width of picture. * @param height the height of picture. * @param r Red component of stripe * @param g Green component of stripe * @param b Blue component of stripe * @return 0 if finished, -1 if there are errors. */ int gen_rgb24_stripe(int width, int height, unsigned char r,unsigned char g,unsigned char b)
简单解释每个参数的含义:
width:图像宽
height:图像高
r:条纹的R分量取值
g:条纹的G分量取值
b:条纹的B分量取值
如果函数成功运行的话,会生成一个名称为“rgbstripe_%dx%d_rgb24.rgb”的RGB24格式的文件(其中%dx%d代表了图像的宽和高)。
例如,生成分辨率为1280x720的上文中的彩色条纹图的代码如下。
gen_rgb24_stripe(1280,720,255,0,0);
RGB渐变彩条图
下面这张图是一张RGB渐变彩条图的示例。这张图的分辨率是1280x720,一共包含了10个彩条,像素格式是RGB24,RGB颜色从红色(RGB分别取值为255,0,0)逐渐变换为蓝色(RGB分别取值为0,0,255)。
每个彩条的RGB取值如下所列:
255, 0, 0 227, 0, 28 199, 0, 56 170, 0, 85 142, 0, 113 114, 0, 141 85, 0, 170 57, 0, 198 29, 0, 226 0, 0, 255 |
在生成渐变彩条图像之后,程序会打印出彩条信号的颜色信息,如下图所示。
函数原型
gen_rgb24_rgbgradient_bar ()是用于生成渐变彩条图的函数,该函数的原型如下。
/** * Generate Picture contains Color Bar Changing from source color * to destination color in RGB24 Format * * @param width the width of picture. * @param height the height of picture. * @param barnum the number of Bars in the picture. * @param src_r Red component of source color. * @param src_g Green component of source color. * @param src_b Blue component of source color. * @param dst_r Red component of destination color. * @param dst_g Green component of destination color. * @param dst_b Blue component of destination color. * @return 0 if finished, -1 if there are errors. */ int gen_rgb24_rgbgradient_bar(int width, int height,int barnum, unsigned char src_r,unsigned char src_g,unsigned char src_b, unsigned char dst_r,unsigned char dst_g,unsigned char dst_b)
简单解释每个参数的含义:
width:图像宽
height:图像高
barnum:彩条数量
src_r:左侧颜色R分量
src_g:左侧颜色G分量
src_b:左侧颜色B分量
dst_r:右侧颜色R分量
dst_g:右侧颜色G分量
dst_b:右侧颜色B分量
如果函数成功运行的话,会生成一个名称为“rgbgradientbar_%dx%d_rgb24.rgb”的RGB24格式的文件(其中%dx%d代表了图像的宽和高)。
例如,生成分辨率为1280x720的上文中的渐变彩条图的代码如下。
gen_rgb24_rgbgradient_bar(1280,720,10,255,0,0,0,0,255);
YUV渐变彩条图
下面这张图是一张YUV渐变彩条图的示例。这张图的分辨率是1280x720,一共包含了10个彩条,像素格式是YUV420P,YUV颜色从绿色(YUV分别取值为0,0,0)逐渐变换为灰色(YUV分别取值为128,128,128)。
每个彩条的YUV取值如下所列:
0, 0, 0 14, 14, 14 28, 28, 28 42, 42, 42 56, 56, 56 71, 71, 71 85, 85, 85 99, 99, 99 113, 113, 113 128, 128, 128 |
在生成渐变彩条图像之后,程序会打印出彩条信号的颜色信息,如下图所示。
函数原型
gen_yuv420p_yuvgradient_bar()是用于生成渐变彩条图的函数,该函数的原型如下。
/** * Generate Picture contains Color Bar Changing from source color * to destination color in YUV420P Format * * @param width the width of picture. * @param height the height of picture. * @param barnum the number of Bars in the picture. * @param src_y Luma component of source color. * @param src_u U component of source color. * @param src_v V component of source color. * @param dst_y Luma component of destination color. * @param dst_u U component of destination color. * @param dst_v V component of destination color. * @return 0 if finished, -1 if there are errors. */ int gen_yuv420p_yuvgradient_bar(int width, int height,int barnum, unsigned char src_y,unsigned char src_u,unsigned char src_v, unsigned char dst_y,unsigned char dst_u,unsigned char dst_v)
简单解释每个参数的含义:
width:图像宽
height:图像高
barnum:彩条数量
src_y:左侧颜色Y分量
src_u:左侧颜色U分量
src_v:左侧颜色V分量
dst_y:右侧颜色Y分量
dst_u:右侧颜色U分量
dst_v:右侧颜色V分量
如果函数成功运行的话,会生成一个名称为“yuvgradientbar_%dx%d_yuv420p.yuv”的YUV420P格式的文件(其中%dx%d代表了图像的宽和高)。
例如,生成分辨率为1280x720的上文中的渐变彩条图的代码如下。
gen_yuv420p_yuvgradient_bar(1280,720,10,0,0,0,128,128,128);
颜色视频
RGB颜色视频
“RGB颜色视频”不是一幅图像,而是一段视频文件。这个视频中包含了RGB24中的所有颜色。通过这个视频,可以了解RGB各个分量对颜色的影响。下面简单记录一下这个视频的规则:
- 视频的宽为256,高为256,视频的帧数为256
- 最左边的像素的R分量取值为0,从左至右每个像素的R分量的取值依次加1
- 最上面的像素的G分量取值为0,从上至下每个像素的G分量的取值依次加1
- 第1帧的所有像素的B分量取值为0,每增加一帧该帧像素的B分量的取值依次加1
所以可以理解为一个坐标系,原点在视频的左上角,X轴对应R分量,Y轴对应G分量,Z轴(时间轴)对应B分量。
该视频的第0帧如下图所示。
从图中可以看出,左上角为黑色(R,G,B取值0,0,0);右上角为红色(R,G,B取值0,0,255);左下角为绿色(R,G,B取值0,255,0);右下角为黄色(R,G,B取值255,255,0)。
该视频的第128帧如下图所示。
可以看出当蓝色分量增加至128的时候,颜色发生了较大的变化。
该视频的第255帧如下图所示。
从图中可以看出,左上角为蓝色(R,G,B取值0,0,255);右上角为品色(R,G,B取值255,0,255);左下角为青色(R,G,B取值0,255,255);右下角为白色(R,G,B取值255,255,255)。
YUV颜色视频
“RGB颜色视频”中包含了YUV444中的所有颜色。通过这个视频,可以了解YUV各个分量对颜色的影响。下面简单记录一下这个视频的规则:
- 视频的宽为256,高为256,视频的帧数为256
- 最左边的像素的U分量取值为0,从左至右每个像素的U分量的取值依次加1
- 最上面的像素的V分量取值为0,从上至下每个像素的V分量的取值依次加1
- 第1帧的所有像素的Y分量取值为0,每增加一帧该帧像素的Y分量的取值依次加1
所以可以理解为一个坐标系,原点在视频的左上角,X轴对应U分量,Y轴对应V分量,Z轴(时间轴)对应Y分量。
该视频的第0帧如下图所示。
从图中可以看出,左上角颜色偏绿(Y,U,V取值0,0,0);右上角颜色偏蓝(Y,U,V取值0,0,255);左下角颜色偏红(Y,U,V取值0,255,0);右下角颜色偏品色(Y,U,V取值255,255,0)。而正*是黑色(Y,U,V取值0,128,128)。
在这个地方可能很多人会有疑问,认为Y,U,V取值为0,0,0的时候按理说应该是黑色。实际上U,V是加了偏置的分量,而偏置量就是128。所以“纯正”的黑色实际上对应的是Y,U,V取值为0,128,128的颜色。
该视频的第128帧如下图所示。
可以看出随着Y分量的增加,颜色发生了一些变化。
该视频的第255帧如下图所示。
可以看出,尽管Y分量从0增长到255,但是实际上色调变化不大,只是亮度变化很大。这是因为U,V分量存储了色度信息,Y分量存储了亮度信息。
函数原型
gen_allcolor_video()是用于生成渐变彩条图的函数,该函数的原型如下。
/** * Generate a video in 256x256 and has 256 frames that contains all the colors. * Each color is shown in 1 pixel. They are mapped as follows: * In RGB24 * R component's value is increasing with the growth of width (X-axis); * G component's value is increasing with the growth of height (Y-axis); * B component's value is increasing with the growth of frame number (Z-axis). * In YUV444P * U component's value is increasing with the growth of width (X-axis); * V component's value is increasing with the growth of height (Y-axis); * Y component's value is increasing with the growth of frame number (Z-axis). * * This function now support to draw YUV444P/RGB24 format pixel. * * @return 0 if finished, -1 if there are errors. */ int gen_allcolor_video();
该函数没有参数,直接调用即可生成上述视频。
工具函数:RGB24转BMP
本工具除了可以生成测试图片外,还提供了一个简单的工具函数:RGB24转BMP。经过转换后,原本只能用专用的RGB/YUV播放器查看的像素数据,就可以直接拿图片浏览器查看了。
例如输入的RGB24像素数据如下所示。
而输出的BMP图片如下所示。
RGB24转换BMP有以下2个关键点:
(1) 在RGB数据前面加上文件头
(2) 把RGB24数据中的“R”和“B”位置互换(因为BMP中的RGB24实际的存储方式是bgrbgrbgr…)。
源代码
/** * 最简单的测试图片生成工具 * Simplest Pic Gen * * 雷霄骅 Lei Xiaohua * leixiaohua1020@126.com * 中国传媒大学/数字电视技术 * Communication University of China / Digital TV Technology * http://blog.csdn.net/leixiaohua1020 * * 本程序可以生成多种RGB/YUV格式的测试图像。包括: * 灰阶图 [YUV420P] * 彩条图 [RGB24] * 彩色条纹图 [RGB24] * RGB渐变彩条图 [RGB24] * YUV渐变彩条图 [YUV420P] * 颜色视频 [RGB24][YUV444P] * * This software can generate several picture that used for * test: * Gray Bar Picture [YUV420P] * Color Bar Picture [RGB24] * Color Stripe Picture [RGB24] * RGB Gradient Bar Picture [RGB24] * YUV Gradient Bar Picture [YUV420P] * All Color Video [RGB24][YUV444P] * */ #include <stdio.h> #include <malloc.h> /** * Generate Picture contains Stripe in RGB24 Format * * @param width the width of picture. * @param height the height of picture. * @param r Red component of stripe * @param g Green component of stripe * @param b Blue component of stripe * @return 0 if finished, -1 if there are errors. */ int gen_rgb24_stripe(int width, int height, unsigned char r,unsigned char g,unsigned char b){ unsigned char *data=NULL; char filename[100]={0}; FILE *fp=NULL; int i=0,j=0; //Check if(width<=0||height<=0){ printf("Error: Width, Height cannot be 0 or negative number!\n"); printf("Default Param is used.\n"); width=640; height=480; } data=(unsigned char *)malloc(width*height*3); sprintf(filename,"rgbstripe_%dx%d_rgb24.rgb",width,height); if((fp=fopen(filename,"wb+"))==NULL){ printf("Error: Cannot create file!"); return -1; } for(j=0;j<height;j++){ for(i=0;i<width;i++){ if(i%2!=0){ data[(j*width+i)*3+0]=r; data[(j*width+i)*3+1]=g; data[(j*width+i)*3+2]=b; }else{//White data[(j*width+i)*3+0]=255; data[(j*width+i)*3+1]=255; data[(j*width+i)*3+2]=255; } } } fwrite(data,width*height*3,1,fp); fclose(fp); free(data); printf("Finish generate %s!\n",filename); return 0; } /** * Generate Picture contains Gray Bar changing from Black to White in YUV420P Format * * @param width the width of picture. * @param height the height of picture. * @param barnum the number of Bars in the picture. * @param ymin the minimum value of luminance. * @param ymax the maximum value of luminance. * @return 0 if finished, -1 if there are errors. */ int gen_yuv420p_graybar(int width, int height,int barnum,unsigned char ymin,unsigned char ymax){ int barwidth; float lum_inc; unsigned char lum_temp; int uv_width,uv_height; FILE *fp=NULL; unsigned char *data_y=NULL; unsigned char *data_u=NULL; unsigned char *data_v=NULL; int t=0,i=0,j=0; char filename[100]={0}; //Check if(width<=0||height<=0||barnum<=0){ printf("Error: Width, Height or Bar Number cannot be 0 or negative number!\n"); printf("Default Param is used.\n"); width=640; height=480; barnum=10; } if(width%barnum!=0){ printf("Warning: Width cannot be divided by Bar Number without remainder!\n"); } barwidth=width/barnum; lum_inc=((float)(ymax-ymin))/((float)(barnum-1)); uv_width=width/2; uv_height=height/2; data_y=(unsigned char *)malloc(width*height); data_u=(unsigned char *)malloc(uv_width*uv_height); data_v=(unsigned char *)malloc(uv_width*uv_height); sprintf(filename,"graybar_%dx%d_yuv420p.yuv",width,height); if((fp=fopen(filename,"wb+"))==NULL){ printf("Error: Cannot create file!"); return -1; } //Output Info printf("Y, U, V value from picture's left to right:\n"); for(t=0;t<(width/barwidth);t++){ lum_temp=ymin+(char)(t*lum_inc); printf("%3d, 128, 128\n",lum_temp); } //Gen Data for(j=0;j<height;j++){ for(i=0;i<width;i++){ t=i/barwidth; lum_temp=ymin+(char)(t*lum_inc); data_y[j*width+i]=lum_temp; } } for(j=0;j<uv_height;j++){ for(i=0;i<uv_width;i++){ data_u[j*uv_width+i]=128; } } for(j=0;j<uv_height;j++){ for(i=0;i<uv_width;i++){ data_v[j*uv_width+i]=128; } } fwrite(data_y,width*height,1,fp); fwrite(data_u,uv_width*uv_height,1,fp); fwrite(data_v,uv_width*uv_height,1,fp); fclose(fp); free(data_y); free(data_u); free(data_v); printf("Finish generate %s!\n",filename); } /** * Generate Picture contains standard Color Bar in RGB24 Format * * @param width the width of picture. * @param height the height of picture. * @return 0 if finished, -1 if there are errors. */ int gen_rgb24_colorbar(int width, int height){ unsigned char *data=NULL; int barwidth; char filename[100]={0}; FILE *fp=NULL; int i=0,j=0; int lum; float r_coeff=0.299,g_coeff=0.587,b_coeff=0.114; //Check if(width<=0||height<=0){ printf("Error: Width, Height cannot be 0 or negative number!\n"); printf("Default Param is used.\n"); width=640; height=480; } if(width%8!=0) printf("Warning: Width cannot be divided by Bar Number without remainder!\n"); data=(unsigned char *)malloc(width*height*3); barwidth=width/8; sprintf(filename,"colorbar_%dx%d_rgb24.rgb",width,height); if((fp=fopen(filename,"wb+"))==NULL){ printf("Error: Cannot create file!"); return -1; } printf("Luminance (Y) component value of colors from left to right:\n"); lum=r_coeff*255.0+g_coeff*255.0+b_coeff*255.0; printf("[White] \tR,G,B=255,255,255\t Y=%.3f*R+%.3f*G+%.3f*B=%3d\n", r_coeff,g_coeff,b_coeff,lum); lum=r_coeff*255.0+g_coeff*255.0+b_coeff*0.0; printf("[Yellow] \tR,G,B=255,255, 0\t Y=%.3f*R+%.3f*G+%.3f*B=%3d\n", r_coeff,g_coeff,b_coeff,lum); lum=r_coeff*0.0+g_coeff*255.0+b_coeff*255.0; printf("[Cyan] \tR,G,B= 0,255,255\t Y=%.3f*R+%.3f*G+%.3f*B=%3d\n", r_coeff,g_coeff,b_coeff,lum); lum=r_coeff*0.0+g_coeff*255.0+b_coeff*0.0; printf("[Green] \tR,G,B= 0,255, 0\t Y=%.3f*R+%.3f*G+%.3f*B=%3d\n", r_coeff,g_coeff,b_coeff,lum); lum=r_coeff*255.0+g_coeff*0.0+b_coeff*255.0; printf("[Magenta]\tR,G,B=255, 0,255\t Y=%.3f*R+%.3f*G+%.3f*B=%3d\n", r_coeff,g_coeff,b_coeff,lum); lum=r_coeff*255.0+g_coeff*0.0+b_coeff*0.0; printf("[Red] \tR,G,B=255, 0, 0\t Y=%.3f*R+%.3f*G+%.3f*B=%3d\n", r_coeff,g_coeff,b_coeff,lum); lum=r_coeff*0.0+g_coeff*0.0+b_coeff*255.0; printf("[Blue] \tR,G,B= 0, 0,255\t Y=%.3f*R+%.3f*G+%.3f*B=%3d\n", r_coeff,g_coeff,b_coeff,lum); lum=r_coeff*0.0+g_coeff*0.0+b_coeff*0.0; printf("[Black] \tR,G,B= 0, 0, 0\t Y=%.3f*R+%.3f*G+%.3f*B=%3d\n", r_coeff,g_coeff,b_coeff,lum); for(j=0;j<height;j++){ for(i=0;i<width;i++){ int barnum=i/barwidth; switch(barnum){ case 0:{ data[(j*width+i)*3+0]=255; data[(j*width+i)*3+1]=255; data[(j*width+i)*3+2]=255; break; } case 1:{ data[(j*width+i)*3+0]=255; data[(j*width+i)*3+1]=255; data[(j*width+i)*3+2]=0; break; } case 2:{ data[(j*width+i)*3+0]=0; data[(j*width+i)*3+1]=255; data[(j*width+i)*3+2]=255; break; } case 3:{ data[(j*width+i)*3+0]=0; data[(j*width+i)*3+1]=255; data[(j*width+i)*3+2]=0; break; } case 4:{ data[(j*width+i)*3+0]=255; data[(j*width+i)*3+1]=0; data[(j*width+i)*3+2]=255; break; } case 5:{ data[(j*width+i)*3+0]=255; data[(j*width+i)*3+1]=0; data[(j*width+i)*3+2]=0; break; } case 6:{ data[(j*width+i)*3+0]=0; data[(j*width+i)*3+1]=0; data[(j*width+i)*3+2]=255; break; } case 7:{ data[(j*width+i)*3+0]=0; data[(j*width+i)*3+1]=0; data[(j*width+i)*3+2]=0; break; } } } } fwrite(data,width*height*3,1,fp); fclose(fp); free(data); printf("Finish generate %s!\n",filename); } /** * Generate Picture contains Color Bar Changing from source color * to destination color in RGB24 Format * * @param width the width of picture. * @param height the height of picture. * @param barnum the number of Bars in the picture. * @param src_r Red component of source color. * @param src_g Green component of source color. * @param src_b Blue component of source color. * @param dst_r Red component of destination color. * @param dst_g Green component of destination color. * @param dst_b Blue component of destination color. * @return 0 if finished, -1 if there are errors. */ int gen_rgb24_rgbgradient_bar(int width, int height,int barnum, unsigned char src_r,unsigned char src_g,unsigned char src_b, unsigned char dst_r,unsigned char dst_g,unsigned char dst_b){ unsigned char *data=NULL; int barwidth; float r_inc,g_inc,b_inc; unsigned char r_temp,g_temp,b_temp; char filename[100]={0}; FILE *fp=NULL; int t=0,i=0,j=0; //Check if(width<=0||height<=0||barnum<=0){ printf("Error: Width, Height or Bar Number cannot be 0 or negative number!\n"); printf("Default Param is used.\n"); width=640; height=480; } if(width%barnum!=0) printf("Warning: Width cannot be divided by Bar Number without remainder!\n"); data=(unsigned char *)malloc(width*height*3); barwidth=width/barnum; r_inc=((float)(dst_r-src_r))/((float)(barnum-1)); g_inc=((float)(dst_g-src_g))/((float)(barnum-1)); b_inc=((float)(dst_b-src_b))/((float)(barnum-1)); sprintf(filename,"rgbgradientbar_%dx%d_rgb24.rgb",width,height); if((fp=fopen(filename,"wb+"))==NULL){ printf("Error: Cannot create file!"); return -1; } //Output Info printf("R, G, B value from picture's left to right:\n"); for(t=0;t<(width/barwidth);t++){ r_temp=src_r+(char)(t*r_inc); g_temp=src_g+(char)(t*g_inc); b_temp=src_b+(char)(t*b_inc); printf("%3d, %3d, %3d\n",r_temp,g_temp,b_temp); } for(j=0;j<height;j++){ for(i=0;i<width;i++){ t=i/barwidth; r_temp=src_r+(char)(t*r_inc); g_temp=src_g+(char)(t*g_inc); b_temp=src_b+(char)(t*b_inc); data[(j*width+i)*3+0]=r_temp; data[(j*width+i)*3+1]=g_temp; data[(j*width+i)*3+2]=b_temp; } } fwrite(data,width*height*3,1,fp); fclose(fp); free(data); printf("Finish generate %s!\n",filename); return 0; } /** * Generate Picture contains Color Bar Changing from source color * to destination color in YUV420P Format * * @param width the width of picture. * @param height the height of picture. * @param barnum the number of Bars in the picture. * @param src_y Luma component of source color. * @param src_u U component of source color. * @param src_v V component of source color. * @param dst_y Luma component of destination color. * @param dst_u U component of destination color. * @param dst_v V component of destination color. * @return 0 if finished, -1 if there are errors. */ int gen_yuv420p_yuvgradient_bar(int width, int height,int barnum, unsigned char src_y,unsigned char src_u,unsigned char src_v, unsigned char dst_y,unsigned char dst_u,unsigned char dst_v){ int uv_width,uv_height; unsigned char *data_y=NULL; unsigned char *data_u=NULL; unsigned char *data_v=NULL; FILE *fp=NULL; int barwidth,uv_barwidth; float y_inc,u_inc,v_inc=0; unsigned char y_temp,u_temp,v_temp=0; char filename[100]={0}; int t=0,i=0,j=0; //Check if(width<=0||height<=0||barnum<=0){ printf("Error: Width, Height or Bar Number cannot be 0 or negative number!\n"); printf("Default Param is used.\n"); width=640; height=480; } if(width%barnum!=0) printf("Warning: Width cannot be divided by Bar Number without remainder!\n"); uv_width=width/2; uv_height=height/2; data_y=(unsigned char *)malloc(width*height); data_u=(unsigned char *)malloc(uv_width*uv_height); data_v=(unsigned char *)malloc(uv_width*uv_height); barwidth=width/barnum; uv_barwidth=barwidth/(width/uv_width); y_inc=((float)(dst_y-src_y))/((float)(barnum-1)); u_inc=((float)(dst_u-src_u))/((float)(barnum-1)); v_inc=((float)(dst_v-src_v))/((float)(barnum-1)); sprintf(filename,"yuvgradientbar_%dx%d_yuv420p.yuv",width,height); if((fp=fopen(filename,"wb+"))==NULL){ printf("Error: Cannot create file!"); return -1; } //Output Info printf("Y, U, V value from picture's left to right:\n"); for(t=0;t<(width/barwidth);t++){ y_temp=src_y+(char)(t*y_inc); u_temp=src_u+(char)(t*u_inc); v_temp=src_v+(char)(t*v_inc); printf("%3d, %3d, %3d\n",y_temp,u_temp,v_temp); } //Gen Data for(j=0;j<height;j++){ for(i=0;i<width;i++){ t=i/barwidth; y_temp=src_y+(char)(t*y_inc); data_y[j*width+i]=y_temp; } } for(j=0;j<uv_height;j++){ for(i=0;i<uv_width;i++){ t=i/uv_barwidth; u_temp=src_u+(char)(t*u_inc); data_u[j*uv_width+i]=u_temp; } } for(j=0;j<uv_height;j++){ for(i=0;i<uv_width;i++){ t=i/uv_barwidth; v_temp=src_v+(char)(t*v_inc); data_v[j*uv_width+i]=v_temp; } } fwrite(data_y,width*height,1,fp); fwrite(data_u,uv_width*uv_height,1,fp); fwrite(data_v,uv_width*uv_height,1,fp); fclose(fp); free(data_y); free(data_u); free(data_v); printf("Finish generate %s!\n",filename); return 0; } /** * Convert RGB24 format to BMP format * * @param rgb24path path of input RGB24 file. * @param bmppath path of output BMP file * @param width the width of picture. * @param height the height of picture. * @return 0 if finished, -1 if there are errors. */ int rgb24_to_bmp(char *rgb24path,char *bmppath,int width,int height) { typedef struct { long imageSize; long blank; long startPosition; }BmpHead; typedef struct { long Length; long width; long height; unsigned short colorPlane; unsigned short bitColor; long zipFormat; long realSize; long xPels; long yPels; long colorUse; long colorImportant; }InfoHead; int i=0,j=0; BmpHead m_BMPHeader={0}; InfoHead m_BMPInfoHeader={0}; char bfType[2]={'B','M'}; int header_size=sizeof(bfType)+sizeof(BmpHead)+sizeof(InfoHead); unsigned char *rgb24_buffer=NULL; FILE *fp_rgb24=NULL,*fp_bmp=NULL; if((fp_rgb24=fopen(rgb24path,"rb"))==NULL){ printf("Error: Cannot open input RGB24 file.\n"); return -1; } if((fp_bmp=fopen(bmppath,"wb"))==NULL){ printf("Error: Cannot open output BMP file.\n"); return -1; } rgb24_buffer=(unsigned char *)malloc(width*height*3); fread(rgb24_buffer,1,width*height*3,fp_rgb24); m_BMPHeader.imageSize=3*width*height+header_size; m_BMPHeader.startPosition=header_size; m_BMPInfoHeader.Length=sizeof(InfoHead); m_BMPInfoHeader.width=width; //BMP storage pixel data in opposite direction of Y-axis (from bottom to top). m_BMPInfoHeader.height=-height; m_BMPInfoHeader.colorPlane=1; m_BMPInfoHeader.bitColor=24; m_BMPInfoHeader.realSize=3*width*height; fwrite(bfType,1,sizeof(bfType),fp_bmp); fwrite(&m_BMPHeader,1,sizeof(m_BMPHeader),fp_bmp); fwrite(&m_BMPInfoHeader,1,sizeof(m_BMPInfoHeader),fp_bmp); //BMP save R1|G1|B1,R2|G2|B2 as B1|G1|R1,B2|G2|R2 //It saves pixel data in Little Endian //So we change 'R' and 'B' for(j =0;j<height;j++){ for(i=0;i<width;i++){ char temp=rgb24_buffer[(j*width+i)*3+2]; rgb24_buffer[(j*width+i)*3+2]=rgb24_buffer[(j*width+i)*3+0]; rgb24_buffer[(j*width+i)*3+0]=temp; } } fwrite(rgb24_buffer,3*width*height,1,fp_bmp); fclose(fp_rgb24); fclose(fp_bmp); free(rgb24_buffer); printf("Finish generate %s!\n",bmppath); return 0; } /** * Generate a video in 256x256 and has 256 frames that contains all the colors. * Each color is shown in 1 pixel. They are mapped as follows: * In RGB24 * R component's value is increasing with the growth of width (X-axis); * G component's value is increasing with the growth of height (Y-axis); * B component's value is increasing with the growth of frame number (Z-axis). * In YUV444P * U component's value is increasing with the growth of width (X-axis); * V component's value is increasing with the growth of height (Y-axis); * Y component's value is increasing with the growth of frame number (Z-axis). * * This function now support to draw YUV444P/RGB24 format pixel. * * @return 0 if finished, -1 if there are errors. */ int gen_allcolor_video(){ unsigned char *data=NULL; char filename[100]={0}; FILE *fp=NULL; int width=256,height=256,frames=256; int i=0,j=0,k=0; //From left to right (width, X-axis),R increasing from 0 to255 //From Top to bottom (height, Y-axis),G increasing from 0 to255 //From 0 to 255 frames (time, Z-axis),B increasing from 0 to255 data=(unsigned char *)malloc(width*height*3); sprintf(filename,"allcolor_xr_yg_zb_%dx%d_rgb24.rgb",width,height); if((fp=fopen(filename,"wb+"))==NULL){ printf("Error: Cannot create file!"); return -1; } for(k=0;k<frames;k++){ for(j=0;j<height;j++){ for(i=0;i<width;i++){ data[(j*width+i)*3+0]=i; data[(j*width+i)*3+1]=j; data[(j*width+i)*3+2]=k; } } fwrite(data,width*height*3,1,fp); printf("Finish generate frame %d!\n",k); } fclose(fp); free(data); printf("Finish generate %s!\n",filename); //From left to right (width, X-axis),U increasing from 0 to255 //From Top to bottom (height, Y-axis),V increasing from 0 to255 //From 0 to 255 frames (time, Z-axis),Y increasing from 0 to255 data=(unsigned char *)malloc(width*height); sprintf(filename,"allcolor_xu_yv_zy_%dx%d_yuv444p.yuv",width,height); if((fp=fopen(filename,"wb+"))==NULL){ printf("Error: Cannot create file!"); return -1; } for(k=0;k<frames;k++){ for(j=0;j<height;j++){//Y for(i=0;i<width;i++){ data[j*width+i]=k; } } fwrite(data,width*height,1,fp); for(j=0;j<height;j++){//U for(i=0;i<width;i++){ data[j*width+i]=i; } } fwrite(data,width*height,1,fp); for(j=0;j<height;j++){//V for(i=0;i<width;i++){ data[j*width+i]=j; } } fwrite(data,width*height,1,fp); printf("Finish generate frame %d!\n",k); } fclose(fp); free(data); printf("Finish generate %s!\n",filename); return 0; } int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { //All picture's resolution is 1280x720 //Gray Bar, from 16 to 235 gen_yuv420p_graybar(1280,720,10,16,235); //Color Bar gen_rgb24_colorbar(1280,720); //10 bars, RGB changed from 255,0,0 to 0,0,255 gen_rgb24_rgbgradient_bar(1280,720,10,255,0,0,0,0,255); //10 bars, RGB changed from 0,0,0 to 128,128,128 gen_yuv420p_yuvgradient_bar(1280,720,10,0,0,0,128,128,128); //RGB24 to BMP rgb24_to_bmp("colorbar_1280x720_rgb24.rgb","colorbar_1280x720_rgb24.bmp",1280,720); //Red stripe gen_rgb24_stripe(1280,720,255,0,0); //Gen color video gen_allcolor_video(); return 0; }
运行结果
程序运行完后,会生成上文中叙述的几种测试图。
下载
Simplest FFmpeg Swscale
项目主页
SourceForge:https://sourceforge.net/projects/simplestffmpegswscale/
Github:https://github.com/leixiaohua1020/simplest_ffmpeg_swscale
开源中国:http://git.oschina.net/leixiaohua1020/simplest_ffmpeg_swscale
CDSN下载地址:http://download.csdn.net/detail/leixiaohua1020/8292175
本教程是最简单的基于FFmpeg的libswscale进行像素处理的教程。它包含了两个工程:
simplest_ffmpeg_swscale: 最简单的libswscale的教程。
simplest_pic_gen: 生成各种测试图片的工具。
更新-1.1 (2015.2.13)=========================================
这次考虑到了跨平台的要求,调整了源代码,保证了该项目代码可以在个平台上编译通过。
CSDN下载地址:http://download.csdn.net/detail/leixiaohua1020/8445671
SourceForge上已经更新。