如何将WebDriver重定向到新页面并返回每个找到的链接，避免StaleElementReferenceException？

So, the simplest example would be fetching data from google search engine results.

因此,最简单的示例是从谷歌搜索引擎结果中获取数据。

Example code:

void test() {

    WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();

    driver.get("https://www.google.com");

    driver.findElement(By.id("lst-ib")).sendKeys("pizza"); // type pizza in search field

    driver.findElement(By.name("btnK")).click(); // perform search

    // for every header link in search results page
    for(WebElement link : driver.findElements(By.xpath("//h3[@class = 'r']/a"))) {

        link.click(); // click the link

        System.out.println(driver.getCurrentUrl()); // fetch page url or something else

        driver.navigate().back(); // go back to search results

    }
}

But, on second iteration, exception is thrown:

但是,在第二次迭代时,抛出异常:

Exception in thread "main" org.openqa.selenium.StaleElementReferenceException: The element reference of stale: either the element is no longer attached to the DOM or the page has been refreshed

线程“main”中的异常org.openqa.selenium.StaleElementReferenceException:陈旧的元素引用:元素不再附加到DOM或页面已刷新

That's because the remaining links are invalidated the moment i click one of them. How can somehow iterate over them all for this task?

那是因为当我点击其中一个时,剩下的链接就会失效。怎么能以某种方式迭代他们所有这一任务?

2 个解决方案

#1

You can use for loop with index for this and relocate the list each iteration

您可以为此使用带索引的循环,并在每次迭代时重新定位列表

int count = 1;
for (int i = 0 ; i < count ; i++) {
    List<WebElement> links = driver.findElements(By.xpath("//h3[@class = 'r']/a"))
    count = links.size();
    link.get(i).click(); // click the link
    System.out.println(driver.getCurrentUrl()); // fetch page url or something else
    driver.navigate().back(); // go back to search results
}

#2

As per your code block to avoid StaleElementReferenceException I would suggest a change in the approach as follows :

根据你的代码块来避免StaleElementReferenceException我建议改变方法如下:

Create a List out of your search results, extract the href attribute and strore them in a new List.

从搜索结果中创建一个列表,提取href属性并在新列表中对它们进行处理。

Open each href in a new TAB, switch to the newly opened TAB and perform the required operations.

在新TAB中打开每个href,切换到新打开的TAB并执行所需的操作。

Once you complete the operations on the new tab, Close the TAB and switch back to the main TAB.

完成新选项卡上的操作后,关闭TAB并切换回主TAB。

Here is the sample code block to perform the above mentions steps :

以下是执行上述提及步骤的示例代码块:

List <WebElement> my_list = driver.findElements(By.xpath("//div[@id='rso']//div[@class='srg']/div[@class='g']//h3/a"));
ArrayList<String> href_list = new ArrayList<String>();
for(WebElement element:my_list)
    href_list.add(element.getAttribute("href"));
for(String myhref:href_list)
{
    ((JavascriptExecutor) driver).executeScript("window.open(arguments[0])", myhref); 
    //switch to the required TAB, perform the operations, close and switch back to main TAB
    //For demonstration I didn't switch/close any of the TABS
}

#1