这次不是直接讲解下去，而是谈一下如何把我们写的游戏做成一个exe文件，这样一来，用户不需要安装python就可以玩了。扫清了游戏发布一大障碍啊！
perl，python，java等编程语言，非常好用，语法优美，功能强大；VB啥的，功能上编写的时候总有那么点不舒服的地方（个人见解），可是用户和受众极多，一个很大的原因就是：VB是微软提供的，可以很方便的编译（伪？）生成exe文件。有了exe，所有的Windows都能方便的使用了。
我们不能指望用户在玩我们的游戏之前都安装一个python和pygame，甚至还要装一些其他额外的库（比如上一章的gameobjects），这会吓退99%以上的人……所以把我们的游戏打包（注意是打包而不是编译，python毕竟是脚本程序）成一个可执行文件势在必行。
perl有perlcc（免费高效但配置极其复杂），perlapp（简单效果也不错但是收费）等工具；而对python来说，py2exe是不二之选，首先是免费的，而且压出来的文件，虽然不能和编译软件相比，还是不错的了。
到py2exe的官方网站下载安装包，注意要对应自己的python版本。
py2exe是需要写一个脚本进行打包的操作，使用下面这个专为pygame写就的脚本（参考py2exe官方），可以极大的方便打包操作，注意在使用前修改BuildExe里的各个参数
#!python
# -*- coding: gb2312 -*-
# 这个脚本专为pygame优化，使用py2exe打包代码和资源至dist目录
#
# 使用中若有问题，可以留言至：
# http://eyehere.net/2011/python-pygame-novice-professional-py2exe/
#
# 安装需求:
# python, pygame, py2exe 都应该装上
# 使用方法:
# 1: 修改此文件，指定需要打包的.py和对应数据
# 2: python pygame2exe.py
# 3: 在dist文件夹中，enjoy it~
try:
from distutils.core import setup
import py2exe, pygame
from modulefinder import Module
import glob, fnmatch
import sys, os, shutil
except ImportError, message:
raise SystemExit, "Sorry, you must install py2exe, pygame. %s" % message
# 这个函数是用来判断DLL是否是系统提供的（是的话就不用打包）
origIsSystemDLL = py2exe.build_exe.isSystemDLL
def isSystemDLL(pathname):
# 需要hack一下，freetype和ogg的dll并不是系统DLL
if os.path.basename(pathname).lower() in ("libfreetype-6.dll", "libogg-0.dll", "sdl_ttf.dll"):
return 0
return origIsSystemDLL(pathname)
# 把Hack过的函数重新写回去
py2exe.build_exe.isSystemDLL = isSystemDLL
# 这个新的类也是一个Hack，使得pygame的默认字体会被拷贝
class pygame2exe(py2exe.build_exe.py2exe):
def copy_extensions(self, extensions):
# 获得pygame默认字体
pygamedir = os.path.split(pygame.base.__file__)[0]
pygame_default_font = os.path.join(pygamedir, pygame.font.get_default_font())
# 加入拷贝文件列表
extensions.append(Module("pygame.font", pygame_default_font))
py2exe.build_exe.py2exe.copy_extensions(self, extensions)
# 这个类是我们真正做事情的部分
class BuildExe:
def __init__(self):
#------------------------------------------------------#
##### 对于一个新的游戏程序，需要修改这里的各个参数 #####
#------------------------------------------------------#
# 起始py文件
self.script = "MyGames.py"
# 游戏名
self.project_name = "MyGames"
# 游戏site
self.project_url = "about:none"
# 游戏版本
self.project_version = "0.0"
# 游戏许可
self.license = "MyGames License"
# 游戏作者
self.author_name = "xishui"
# 联系电邮
self.author_email = "blog@eyehere.net"
# 游戏版权
self.copyright = "Copyright (c) 3000 xishui."
# 游戏描述
self.project_description = "MyGames Description"
# 游戏图标(None的话使用pygame的默认图标)
self.icon_file = None
# 额外需要拷贝的文件、文件夹(图片，音频等)
self.extra_datas = []
# 额外需要的python库名
self.extra_modules = []
# 需要排除的python库
self.exclude_modules = []
# 额外需要排除的dll
self.exclude_dll = ['']
# 需要加入的py文件
self.extra_scripts = []
# 打包Zip文件名(None的话，打包到exe文件中)
self.zipfile_name = None
# 生成文件夹
self.dist_dir ='dist'
def opj(self, *args):
path = os.path.join(*args)
return os.path.normpath(path)
def find_data_files(self, srcdir, *wildcards, **kw):
# 从源文件夹内获取文件
def walk_helper(arg, dirname, files):
# 当然你使用其他的版本控制工具什么的，也可以加进来
if '.svn' in dirname:
return
names = []
lst, wildcards = arg
for wc in wildcards:
wc_name = self.opj(dirname, wc)
for f in files:
filename = self.opj(dirname, f)
if fnmatch.fnmatch(filename, wc_name) and not os.path.isdir(filename):
names.append(filename)
if names:
lst.append( (dirname, names ) )
file_list = []
recursive = kw.get('recursive', True)
if recursive:
os.path.walk(srcdir, walk_helper, (file_list, wildcards))
else:
walk_helper((file_list, wildcards),
srcdir,
[os.path.basename(f) for f in glob.glob(self.opj(srcdir, '*'))])
return file_list
def run(self):
if os.path.isdir(self.dist_dir): # 删除上次的生成结果
shutil.rmtree(self.dist_dir)
# 获得默认图标
if self.icon_file == None:
path = os.path.split(pygame.__file__)[0]
self.icon_file = os.path.join(path, 'pygame.ico')
# 获得需要打包的数据文件
extra_datas = []
for data in self.extra_datas:
if os.path.isdir(data):
extra_datas.extend(self.find_data_files(data, '*'))
else:
extra_datas.append(('.', [data]))
# 开始打包exe
setup(
cmdclass = {'py2exe': pygame2exe},
version = self.project_version,
description = self.project_description,
name = self.project_name,
url = self.project_url,
author = self.author_name,
author_email = self.author_email,
license = self.license,
# 默认生成窗口程序，如果需要生成终端程序(debug阶段)，使用：
# console = [{
windows = [{
'script': self.script,
'icon_resources': [(0, self.icon_file)],
'copyright': self.copyright
}],
options = {'py2exe': {'optimize': 2, 'bundle_files': 1,
'compressed': True,
'excludes': self.exclude_modules,
'packages': self.extra_modules,
'dist_dir': self.dist_dir,
'dll_excludes': self.exclude_dll,
'includes': self.extra_scripts} },
zipfile = self.zipfile_name,
data_files = extra_datas,
)
if os.path.isdir('build'): # 清除build文件夹
shutil.rmtree('build')
if __name__ == '__main__':
if len(sys.argv) < 2:
sys.argv.append('py2exe')
BuildExe().run()
raw_input("Finished! Press any key to exit.")
可以先从简单的程序开始，有了一点经验再尝试打包复杂的游戏。
一些Tips：
- 如果执行出错，会生成一个xxx.exe.log，参考这里的log信息看是不是少打包了东西。
- 一开始可以使用console来打包，这样可以在命令行里看到更多的信息。
- 对于每一个游戏，基本都需要拷贝上面的原始代码修改为独一无二的打包执行文件。
- 即使一个很小的py文件，最终生成的exe文件也很大（看安装的库而定，我这里最小4.7M左右），事实上py2exe在打包的时候会把无数的不需要的库都打进来导致最终文件臃肿，如果你安装了很繁杂的库(wxPython等）更是如此。使用zip打包以后查看里面的库文件，把不需要的逐一加入到self.exclude_modules中，最后可以把文件尺寸控制在一个可以接受的范围内。
2011/08/21 追记：
很多人在打包使用Font模块时出现问题，这里需要把sdl_ttf.dll声明为非系统文件，我已经修改了脚本默认就加入了。而且建议，如果将来是确定要打包为exe的，那么就不要使用系统字体，即”pygame.font.SysFont(xxx)”，而是使用字体文件，然后打包时将文件当作图片等一起打包，这样出问题的概率会大大降低。
2011/09/24 追记：
感谢blues_city网友，“dist_dir”应该是属于py2exe的特有options而不是setup的。
欢迎大家试用并提出建议，不断完善这个脚本。
http://www.pygame.org/wiki/Pygame2exe
Here is a sample script to compile a pygame app to a standalone windows application. It includes a hack to include pygame default font into executable file.
Just edit value in BuildExe.__init__ to fit you needs. This will only work for GUI apps, change "windows =" to "console =" in setup command would do the job.
To have a zipfile with libraries, just specify a zip file name. If you don't specify an icon file name, pygame icon will be used.
Changes by arit:
For this script to work I *had* to modify my font call in my game from Font = pygame.font.SysFont(None,16) # the created .exe does not run to Font = pygame.font.Font("freesansbold.ttf", 16) and additionally copy freesansbold.ttf into the same directory as the created .exe I also needed to add sdl_ttf.dll to the check for include files (see comment in source code bellow) (This has been suggested by http://*.com/questions/6376194/font-module-error-when-using-py2exe) Then I saved the script bellow as game2exe.py in the same directory as my MyApps.py file. From the command promt inside this very directory I then executed the script by writing python game2exe.py Then I had to manually copy freesansbold.ttf into the subfolder "dist" where the MyApps.exe is created. Windows7 64bit Enterprise, Python 2.7.2, pygame-1.9.2a0.win32-py2.7
# This will create a dist directory containing the executable file, all the data
# directories. All Libraries will be bundled in executable file.
#
# Run the build process by entering 'pygame2exe.py' or
# 'python pygame2exe.py' in a console prompt.
#
# To build exe, python, pygame, and py2exe have to be installed. After
# building exe none of this libraries are needed.
#Please Note have a backup file in a different directory as if it crashes you
#will loose it all!(I lost 6 months of work because I did not do this)
try:
from distutils.core import setup
import py2exe, pygame
from modulefinder import Module
import glob, fnmatch
import sys, os, shutil
import operator
except ImportError, message:
raise SystemExit, "Unable to load module. %s" % message
#hack which fixes the pygame mixer and pygame font
origIsSystemDLL = py2exe.build_exe.isSystemDLL # save the orginal before we edit it
def isSystemDLL(pathname):
# checks if the freetype and ogg dll files are being included
if os.path.basename(pathname).lower() in ("libfreetype-6.dll", "libogg-0.dll","sdl_ttf.dll"): # "sdl_ttf.dll" added by arit.
return 0
return origIsSystemDLL(pathname) # return the orginal function
py2exe.build_exe.isSystemDLL = isSystemDLL # override the default function with this one
class pygame2exe(py2exe.build_exe.py2exe): #This hack make sure that pygame default font is copied: no need to modify code for specifying default font
def copy_extensions(self, extensions):
#Get pygame default font
pygamedir = os.path.split(pygame.base.__file__)[0]
pygame_default_font = os.path.join(pygamedir, pygame.font.get_default_font())
#Add font to list of extension to be copied
extensions.append(Module("pygame.font", pygame_default_font))
py2exe.build_exe.py2exe.copy_extensions(self, extensions)
class BuildExe:
def __init__(self):
#Name of starting .py
self.script = "MyApps.py"
#Name of program
self.project_name = "MyApps"
#Project url
self.project_url = "about:none"
#Version of program
self.project_version = "0.0"
#License of the program
self.license = "MyApps License"
#Auhor of program
self.author_name = "Me"
self.author_email = "example@example.com"
self.copyright = "Copyright (c) 2009 Me."
#Description
self.project_description = "MyApps Description"
#Icon file (None will use pygame default icon)
self.icon_file = None
#Extra files/dirs copied to game
self.extra_datas = []
#Extra/excludes python modules
self.extra_modules = []
self.exclude_modules = [] #DLL Excludes
self.exclude_dll = ['']
#python scripts (strings) to be included, seperated by a comma
self.extra_scripts = []
#Zip file name (None will bundle files in exe instead of zip file)
self.zipfile_name = None
#Dist directory
self.dist_dir ='dist'
## Code from DistUtils tutorial at http://wiki.python.org/moin/Distutils/Tutorial
## Originally borrowed from wxPython's setup and config files
def opj(self, *args):
path = os.path.join(*args)
return os.path.normpath(path)
def find_data_files(self, srcdir, *wildcards, **kw):
# get a list of all files under the srcdir matching wildcards,
# returned in a format to be used for install_data
def walk_helper(arg, dirname, files):
if '.svn' in dirname:
return
names = []
lst, wildcards = arg
for wc in wildcards:
wc_name = self.opj(dirname, wc)
for f in files:
filename = self.opj(dirname, f)
if fnmatch.fnmatch(filename, wc_name) and not os.path.isdir(filename):
names.append(filename)
if names:
lst.append( (dirname, names ) )
file_list = []
recursive = kw.get('recursive', True)
if recursive:
os.path.walk(srcdir, walk_helper, (file_list, wildcards))
else:
walk_helper((file_list, wildcards),
srcdir,
[os.path.basename(f) for f in glob.glob(self.opj(srcdir, '*'))])
return file_list
def run(self):
if os.path.isdir(self.dist_dir): #Erase previous destination dir
shutil.rmtree(self.dist_dir) #Use the default pygame icon, if none given
if self.icon_file == None:
path = os.path.split(pygame.__file__)[0]
self.icon_file = os.path.join(path, 'pygame.ico')
#List all data files to add
extra_datas = []
for data in self.extra_datas:
if os.path.isdir(data):
extra_datas.extend(self.find_data_files(data, '*'))
else:
extra_datas.append(('.', [data])) setup(
cmdclass = {'py2exe': pygame2exe},
version = self.project_version,
description = self.project_description,
name = self.project_name,
url = self.project_url,
author = self.author_name,
author_email = self.author_email,
license = self.license,
# targets to build
windows = [{
'script': self.script,
'icon_resources': [(0, self.icon_file)],
'copyright': self.copyright
}],
options = {'py2exe': {'optimize': 2, 'bundle_files': 1, 'compressed': True, \
'excludes': self.exclude_modules, 'packages': self.extra_modules, \
'dll_excludes': self.exclude_dll,
'includes': self.extra_scripts} },
zipfile = self.zipfile_name,
data_files = extra_datas,
dist_dir = self.dist_dir
) if os.path.isdir('build'): #Clean up build dir
shutil.rmtree('build')
if __name__ == '__main__':
if operator.lt(len(sys.argv), 2):
sys.argv.append('py2exe')
BuildExe().run() #Run generation
raw_input("Press any key to continue") #Pause to let user see that things ends