进击的docker 二： docker 快速入门

1、安装docker

1.1、安装环境

[root@docker ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release

CentOS Linux release 7.2. (Core)

[root@docker ~]# uname -r

3.10.-.el7.x86_64

安装环境

1.2、安装docker

yum install docker -y

安装docker

1.3、查看安装结果

[root@docker ~]# rpm -qa docker

docker-1.10.-.el7.centos..x86_64

[root@docker ~]# docker --version

Docker version 1.10., build cb079f6-unsupported

查看docker版本

我们可以通过官方的yum源安装docker1.12，或在docker官网下载最新版本。

Docker官网：http://www.docker.com/

注：使用docker目前使用的越新越好，因为docker一直都在不足，每次更新都更加的完善。

2、启动docker

2.1、启动docker镜像

[root@docker ~]# systemctl start docker

启动docker

2.2、查看docker状态

[root@docker ~]# systemctl  status docker

● docker.service - Docker Application Container Engine

   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)

   Active: active (running) since Thu -- :: CST; 13s ago

     Docs: http://docs.docker.com

 Main PID:  (docker-current)

   CGroup: /system.slice/docker.service

           └─ /usr/bin/docker-current daemon --exec-opt native.cgroupdriver=systemd --selinux-enabled --log-driver=journald

Dec  :: docker docker-current[]: time="2016-12-01T20:17:41.379210415+08:00" level=warning msg="Docker could not enable SELinux on the host system"

Dec  :: docker docker-current[]: time="2016-12-01T20:17:41.528222902+08:00" level=info msg="Graph migration to content-addressability took 0.01 seconds"

Dec  :: docker docker-current[]: time="2016-12-01T20:17:42.301945116+08:00" level=info msg="Firewalld running: true"

Dec  :: docker docker-current[]: time="2016-12-01T20:17:43.809557691+08:00" level=info msg="Default bridge (docker0) is assigned with an IP address 172.1...IP address"

Dec  :: docker docker-current[]: time="2016-12-01T20:17:44.395349153+08:00" level=info msg="Loading containers: start."

Dec  :: docker docker-current[]: time="2016-12-01T20:17:44.395640410+08:00" level=info msg="Loading containers: done."

Dec  :: docker docker-current[]: time="2016-12-01T20:17:44.395690801+08:00" level=info msg="Daemon has completed initialization"

Dec  :: docker docker-current[]: time="2016-12-01T20:17:44.395765160+08:00" level=info msg="Docker daemon" commit=cb079f6-unsupported execdriver=native-...sion=1.10.

Dec  :: docker systemd[]: Started Docker Application Container Engine.

Dec  :: docker docker-current[]: time="2016-12-01T20:17:44.511453473+08:00" level=info msg="API listen on /var/run/docker.sock"

Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.

查看docker状态

2.3、关闭docker

systemctl stop docker

关闭docker

2.4、查看本地网络

ifconfig

docker0: flags=<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST>  mtu

        inet 172.17.0.1  netmask 255.255.0.0  broadcast 0.0.0.0

        ether :::c2:8e:  txqueuelen   (Ethernet)

        RX packets   bytes  (0.0 B)

        RX errors   dropped   overruns   frame

        TX packets   bytes  (0.0 B)

        TX errors   dropped  overruns   carrier   collisions 

eno16777736: flags=<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu

        inet 10.0.0.129  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 10.0.0.255

        ether :0c::1c:0e:  txqueuelen   (Ethernet)

        RX packets   bytes  (16.2 MiB)

        RX errors   dropped   overruns   frame

        TX packets   bytes  (1.7 MiB)

        TX errors   dropped  overruns   carrier   collisions 

lo: flags=<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu

        inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0

        inet6 ::  prefixlen   scopeid 0x10<host>

        loop  txqueuelen   (Local Loopback)

        RX packets   bytes  (200.0 B)

        RX errors   dropped   overruns   frame

        TX packets   bytes  (200.0 B)

        TX errors   dropped  overruns   carrier   collisions

ifconfig

docker启动后，会生成一个docker:0的网卡（虚拟机也会生成）。

3、基础命令讲解

下面我将以docker的三大组件，分别讲解命令。

镜像
容器
仓库

3.1、镜像

docker 运行容器前需要本地存在对应的镜像，如果镜像本地不存在，docker会从镜像仓库下载（默认从Docker Hub仓库下载）。

3.1.1、搜索

docker search [镜像名称]

例：查看dockerhub中nginx的镜像。

[root@docker ~]# docker search nginx

INDEX       NAME                                DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED

docker.io   docker.io/nginx                     Official build of Nginx.                              [OK]

docker.io   docker.io/jwilder/nginx-proxy       Automated Nginx reverse proxy for docker c...                     [OK]

docker.io   docker.io/richarvey/nginx-php-fpm   Container running Nginx + PHP-FPM capable ...                     [OK]

docker.io   docker.io/million12/nginx-php       Nginx + PHP-FPM 5.5, 5.6, 7.0 (NG), CentOS...                      [OK]

docker.io   docker.io/webdevops/php-nginx       Nginx with PHP-FPM                                                 [OK]

docker.io   docker.io/maxexcloo/nginx-php       Framework container with nginx and PHP-FPM...                      [OK]

docker.io   docker.io/bitnami/nginx             Bitnami nginx Docker Image                                         [OK]

docker.io   docker.io/evild/alpine-nginx        Minimalistic Docker image with Nginx                                [OK]

docker.io   docker.io/gists/nginx               Nginx on Alpine                                                     [OK]

docker.io   docker.io/maxexcloo/nginx           Framework container with nginx installed.                           [OK]

docker.io   docker.io/webdevops/nginx           Nginx container                                                     [OK]

docker.io   docker.io/1science/nginx            Nginx Docker images that include Consul Te...                       [OK]

docker.io   docker.io/drupaldocker/nginx        NGINX for Drupal                                                    [OK]

docker.io   docker.io/ixbox/nginx               Nginx on Alpine Linux.                                              [OK]

docker.io   docker.io/blacklabelops/nginx       Dockerized Nginx Reverse Proxy Server.                              [OK]

docker.io   docker.io/dock0/nginx               Arch container running nginx                                        [OK]

docker.io   docker.io/frekele/nginx             docker run --rm --name nginx -p : -p ...                       [OK]

docker.io   docker.io/servivum/nginx            Nginx Docker Image with Useful Tools                                [OK]

docker.io   docker.io/xataz/nginx               Light nginx image                                                   [OK]

docker.io   docker.io/yfix/nginx                Yfix own build of the nginx-extras package                          [OK]

docker.io   docker.io/radial/nginx              Spoke container for Nginx, a high performa...                       [OK]

docker.io   docker.io/tozd/nginx                Dockerized nginx.                                                   [OK]

docker.io   docker.io/c4tech/nginx              Several nginx images for web applications.                          [OK]

docker.io   docker.io/unblibraries/nginx        Baseline non-PHP nginx container                                    [OK]

docker.io   docker.io/watsco/nginx              nginx:1.11-alpine                                                   [OK]

查看仓库镜像

3.1.2、下载

docker pull [镜像名称]

例：下载docker.io/centos/redis

 docker pull  docker.io/centos/redis

Using default tag: latest

Trying to pull repository docker.io/centos/redis ...

latest: Pulling from docker.io/centos/redis

1d702521dae2: Downloading [=>                                                 ] 118.7 kB/5.587 MB

0de01b15a36f: Download complete

66479f7f733c: Download complete

c7e83aba718a: Download complete

dda623482619: Download complete

dda623482619: Pulling fs layer

下载镜像

3.1.3 导出镜像

docker save -o [镜像包名] [镜像名称]

例：导出centos基础镜像为centos.tar

[root@docker ~]# docker images

REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE

oldboy/nginx1       latest              c436de4b837a         days ago          401.1 MB

<none>              <none>              6ab373e100c9         days ago          181.4 MB

oldboy/nginx        v1                  99695fe97fb5         days ago          181.4 MB

docker.io/nginx     latest              05a60462f8ba         weeks ago         181.4 MB

docker.io/centos    latest              0584b3d2cf6d         weeks ago         196.5 MB

[root@docker ~]# docker save -o centos.tar docker.io/centos

[root@docker ~]# ll -h centos.tar

-rw-r--r--  root root 195M Dec   : centos.tar

导出镜像

3.1.4、导入镜像

docker load --input [镜像包名]

docker load <[镜像包名]

3.1.5 查看已有镜像

docker images

[root@docker ~]# docker images

REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE

oldboy/nginx1       latest              c436de4b837a         days ago          401.1 MB

oldboy/nginx        v1                  99695fe97fb5         days ago          181.4 MB

docker.io/nginx     latest              05a60462f8ba         weeks ago         181.4 MB

docker.io/centos    latest              0584b3d2cf6d         weeks ago         196.5 MB

查看已有镜像

在列出的信息中，可以看到几个字段的信息

来自于那个仓库（REPOSITORY）
镜像标记（TAG）
它的ID号（唯一）
创建时间
镜像大小

3.1.6删除镜像

docker rni [镜像id]

例：删除一个镜像

[root@docker ~]# docker images

REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE

oldboy/nginx1       latest              c436de4b837a         days ago          401.1 MB

<none>              <none>              6ab373e100c9         days ago          181.4 MB

oldboy/nginx        v1                  99695fe97fb5         days ago          181.4 MB

docker.io/nginx     latest              05a60462f8ba         weeks ago         181.4 MB

docker.io/centos    latest              0584b3d2cf6d         weeks ago         196.5 MB

daemon: conflict: unable to delete 0584b3d2cf6d (cannot be forced) - image has dependent child images

[root@docker ~]# docker rmi 6ab373e100c9

[root@docker ~]# docker images

REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE

oldboy/nginx1       latest              c436de4b837a         days ago          401.1 MB

oldboy/nginx        v1                  99695fe97fb5         days ago          181.4 MB

docker.io/nginx     latest              05a60462f8ba         weeks ago         181.4 MB

docker.io/centos    latest              0584b3d2cf6d         weeks ago         196.5 MB

删除镜像

注：不能删除已有容器的镜像

例：删除一个已有容器的镜像

[root@docker ~]# docker rmi 0584b3d2cf6d

Failed to remove image (0584b3d2cf6d): Error response from daemon: conflict: unable to delete 0584b3d2cf6d (cannot be forced) - image has dependent child images

错误

例：移除本地所有未打过标签的本地镜像

docker images可以列出本地所有的镜像，其中可能包含很多中间状态的来打过标签的镜像，大量占据着磁盘空间。

使用下面命令可以清理所有未打过标签的本地镜像

docker rmi $(docker images -q -f "danglingture")

删除未打标签的本地镜像

3.1.7创建镜像

创建镜像为较为复杂点，在之后的文档中会详细介绍。

3.2容器

容器是独立运行的一个或一组应用，以及他们的运行环境。对应的虚拟机可以理解为模拟运行的一套操作系统（提供了运行环境和其他其系统环境）和跑在上面的应用。

3.2.1、启动容器

启动容器的方式

基于镜像新建一个容器并启动。
将终止状态的容器重新启动。

容器太轻量了，很多时候用户都是随时删除和新创建容器。

docker run [选项、参数] 镜像名称 [执行的命令]

注：如果不指定镜像名称会自动生成名称

例：输出一个hello world ，之后终止容器

[root@docker ~]# docker run docker.io/centos /bin/echo 'hello world'

hello world

这跟直接在本地执行一个hello world 没有任何区别。

[root@docker ~]# docker ps -a

CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                      PORTS               NAMES

443da0721b41        docker.io/centos    "/bin/echo 'hello wor"    seconds ago      Exited ()  seconds ago                       gigantic_sinoussi

因为没有指定容器名称，所以他自己自动生成了gigantic_sinoussi

hello world

例：启动一个bash，允许用户交互，指定容器名称为mycentos

[root@docker ~]# docker run -i -t --name mycentos docker.io/centos  /bin/bash

[root@c761cee8863f /]#

-name:指定容器名称

-t：让docker分配一个伪终端

-i：让容器的标准输入打开（input）

创建可交互容器

接上例：在交互模户，模式下。用户可以通过所创建的终端来输入命令

[root@c761cee8863f /]# pwd

/

[root@c761cee8863f /]# ls

anaconda-post.log  bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var

可交互容器操作

继续接上例：在可交互模式查看进程，本地信息

[root@c761cee8863f /]# ps aux

USER       PID %CPU %MEM    VSZ   RSS TTY      STAT START   TIME COMMAND

root           0.0  0.0     ?        Ss   :   : /bin/bash

root          0.0  0.0     ?        R+   :   : ps aux

[root@c761cee8863f /]# free -m

              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available

Mem:

Swap:

[root@c761cee8863f /]# exit

[root@docker ~]# free -m

              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available

Mem:

Swap:                               

容器不是一个虚拟机，他只是一个进程，pid为1的进程结束了，这个容器就挂了，他就是为了隔离这个进程而存在的。

docker的隔离性并不是很好，在物理机可以看到服务器的硬件信息，docker本身不能解决，但是可以用一些黑科技解决，当然如果自己用的话也可以不用解决这个问题。

交互模式下的进程及内存

docker run来创建容器时，docker在后台运行的标准操作包括：

检查本地是否存在指定的镜像，不存在就从仓库下载。
利用镜像创建并启动一个镜像
分配一个文件系统，并在只读的镜像层外面挂载一层可读写层。
从宿主主机配置的网桥接口中桥接一个虚拟接口到容器中去
从地址池配置一个ip地址给容器
执行用户指定的应用程序
执行完毕后容器被终止

3.2.2、启动已经终止的容器

docker start [容器名称|容器id]

例：启动mycentos

[root@docker ~]# docker ps

CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES

[root@docker ~]# docker ps -a

CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                      PORTS               NAMES

c761cee8863f        docker.io/centos    "/bin/bash"               minutes ago      Exited ()  minutes ago                       mycentos

ccfc03f90613        docker.io/centos    "/bin/echo /bin/bash"     minutes ago      Exited ()  minutes ago                       elated_brown

443da0721b41        docker.io/centos    "/bin/echo 'hello wor"    minutes ago      Exited ()  minutes ago                       gigantic_sinoussi

[root@docker ~]# docker start mycentos

mycentos

[root@docker ~]# docker ps

CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES

c761cee8863f        docker.io/centos    "/bin/bash"          minutes ago      Up  seconds                            mycentos

启动mycentos

注：有的人想在容器起来的时候在执行其他的东西。这是不推荐的因为docker的理念，不可变基础设施，不要修改容器（前面有讲解），再重新创建一个就可以了，已改动就可变了。

3.2.3、后台运行

更多的时候需要让Docker 在后台运行而不是直接执行命令的结果输出在当前宿主机下，此时，可以通过添加 -d 参数来实现。

例：如果不使用-d参数运行容器

[root@docker ~]# docker run   centos echo hello world

hello world

不使用-d参数

容器会把输出结果打印到宿主机上

例：使用-d参数

[root@docker ~]# docker run  -d centos echo hello world

f6f8844f843b6479ab2d9faf52aef55a8c9516effa1dc7574299989025f24a41

[root@docker ~]# docker logs f6f8844f843b6479ab2d9faf52aef55a8c9516effa1dc7574299989025f24a41

hello world

使用-d参数

这时候容器会在后台运行并不会把输出结果（STDOUT）打印到宿主机上面（输出结果可以用docker logs查看）
注:容器是否会长久运行，是和docker run指定的

3.2.3、进入镜像

3.2.3.1、attach

docker attach [镜像名称]

这个登录相当于单用户模式，只能有一个人登录。一般生产不推荐使用此法。

例：一方操作另一方会自动操作。

进击的docker 二： docker 快速入门

3.2.3.2、 nsenter

生产场景是不使用docker attach的，需要我们使用nsenter这个工具，这个工具包含在util-linux软件包里面。nsenter可以访问另一个进程的名字空间。nsenter要正常工作需要有root权限。

[root@docker ~]#  yum install util-linux -y

util

一般情况下最小化安装里都已经安装完毕。

我们通过nsenter就可以进入容器，但是nsenter是通过容器第一个进程的pid进入容器里，所以我们需要知道容器的pid。我们可以通过docker inspect来获取到pid

利用docker inspect 获得PID号

[root@docker ~]# docker start mycentos

mycentos

[root@docker ~]# docker inspect -f "{{ .State.Pid }}" mycentos

[root@docker ~]# nsenter -t  -m -u -i -n -p

[root@c761cee8863f /]#

nsenter进入容器

那个参数选项是简写全称的就是：

nsenter --traget $PID --mount --uts --ipc --net --pid

nsenter参数：

–mount参数是进去到mount namespace中
–uts参数是进入到uts namespace中
–ipc参数是进入到System V IPC namaspace中
–net参数是进入到network namespace中
–pid参数是进入到pid namespace中
–user参数是进入到user namespace中

我们进入容器查看进程

[root@c761cee8863f /]# ps aux

USER       PID %CPU %MEM    VSZ   RSS TTY      STAT START   TIME COMMAND

root           0.0  0.0     ?        Ss+  :   : /bin/bash

root          0.0  0.0     ?        S    :   : -bash

root          0.0  0.0     ?        R+   :   : ps aux

nsenter进入容器查看进程

其中/bin/bash 是我们开启容器运行的第一个进程

-bash 是nsenter 启动时生成的进程，这样我们退出后，容器不会退出，仍然会运行。

我们不能每次都要执行上面的命令，找到PID 在进入再次我们需要写一个脚本

 cat  cat docker_in.sh

#!/bin/bash

# Use nsenter to access docker

docker_in(){

  NAME_ID=$

  PID=$(docker inspect -f "{{ .State.Pid }}" $NAME_ID)

  nsenter -t $PID -m -u -i -n -p

}

docker_in $

cat docker_in.sh

执行结果

[root@docker ~]# chmod +x docker_in.sh

[root@docker ~]# ./docker_in.sh mycentos

[root@c761cee8863f /]# ps aux

USER       PID %CPU %MEM    VSZ   RSS TTY      STAT START   TIME COMMAND

root           0.0  0.0     ?        Ss+  :   : /bin/bash

root          0.0  0.0     ?        S    :   : -bash

root          0.0  0.0     ?        R+   :   : ps aux

执行过程

3.2.3.3、docker exec

docker exec 的本意不是为了进入容器，仅仅是为了在外面执行一个容器的操作。

docker exec [容器名称|id] 命令

例：在容器mycentos外执行命令whoami等

[root@docker ~]# docker exec mycentos whoami

root

[root@docker ~]# docker exec mycentos ps aux

USER       PID %CPU %MEM    VSZ   RSS TTY      STAT START   TIME COMMAND

root           0.0  0.0     ?        Ss+  :   : /bin/bash

root          0.0  0.0     ?        Rs   :   : ps aux

不进入容器操作

进入容器方法

docker exec -it [容器名称|id] /bin/bash

例：使用docker exec 进入容器

[root@docker ~]# docker ps

CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES

c761cee8863f        docker.io/centos    "/bin/bash"          hours ago         Up  minutes                           mycentos

[root@docker ~]# docker  exec -it mycentos  /bin/bash

[root@c761cee8863f /]# exit

[root@docker ~]# docker  exec -it c761cee8863f  /bin/bash

[root@c761cee8863f /]#

exec 进入容器

和 nsenter 实现原理不一样实现结果一样的

3.2.4、查看容器列表

docker ps

例:查看正在运行的容器

[root@docker ~]# docker ps

CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES

c761cee8863f        docker.io/centos    "/bin/bash"          hours ago         Up  minutes                           mycentos

正在运行容器

例：查看所有容器

[root@docker ~]# docker ps -a

CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                     PORTS               NAMES

edfdd26e20da        centos              "echo hello world"        hours ago         Exited ()  hours ago                         kickass_heisenberg

f6f8844f843b        centos              "echo hello world"        hours ago         Exited ()  hours ago                         reverent_yalow

cd9cf2398630        centos              "while true ;echo hel"    hours ago         Created                                        high_mclean

cc93e8ced322        centos              "echo hello world"        hours ago         Exited ()  hours ago                         stupefied_dubinsky

475cd09a2e6e        centos              "/bin/sh -c 'while tr"    hours ago         Exited ()  hours ago                         romantic_easley

d580c6389d1e        centos              "/bin/bash -c 'while "    hours ago         Exited ()  hours ago                         fervent_williams

b54ed375b3f1        centos              "/bin/sh -c 'while tr"    hours ago         Exited ()  hours ago                         goofy_davinci

a9864174cfb0        centos              "while true; do echo "    hours ago         Created                                        stoic_goodall

eb62a497f026        centos              "/bin/sh -c 'while tr"    hours ago         Exited ()  hours ago                         pedantic_ritchie

3e68d0c13bfd        centos              "/bin/sh -c 'while tr"    hours ago         Exited ()  hours ago                         kickass_jepsen

4d6ae0f25206        centos              "/bin/sh 'while true;"    hours ago         Exited ()  hours ago                       pensive_chandrasekhar

a8770406b896        centos              "/bin/sh -c 'while tr"    hours ago         Exited ()  hours ago                         cranky_pasteur

7ecb2ca7d612        centos              "while true;do echo h"    hours ago         Created                                        gigantic_lalande

6ddae878765f        centos              "/bin/sh -c 'while tr"    hours ago         Exited ()  hours ago                         serene_euler

c761cee8863f        docker.io/centos    "/bin/bash"               hours ago         Up  minutes                                  mycentos

ccfc03f90613        docker.io/centos    "/bin/echo /bin/bash"     hours ago         Exited ()  hours ago                         elated_brown

443da0721b41        docker.io/centos    "/bin/echo 'hello wor"    hours ago         Exited ()  hours ago                         gigantic_sinoussi

查看所有容器

例：只查所有镜像的id

[root@docker ~]# docker ps -a -q

edfdd26e20da

f6f8844f843b

cd9cf2398630

cc93e8ced322

475cd09a2e6e

d580c6389d1e

b54ed375b3f1

a9864174cfb0

eb62a497f026

3e68d0c13bfd

4d6ae0f25206

a8770406b896

7ecb2ca7d612

6ddae878765f

c761cee8863f

ccfc03f90613

443da0721b41

所有容器id

查看所有运行容器的id只要去掉-a参数即可。

3.2.5、容器删除

可以使用docker rm 来删除一个出于终止状态的容器。

例：删除 reverent_yalow

[root@docker ~]# docker ps -a

CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                     PORTS               NAMES

f6f8844f843b        centos              "echo hello world"        hours ago         Exited ()  hours ago                         reverent_yalow

cd9cf2398630        centos              "while true ;echo hel"    hours ago         Created                                        high_mclean

cc93e8ced322        centos              "echo hello world"        hours ago         Exited ()  hours ago                         stupefied_dubinsky

475cd09a2e6e        centos              "/bin/sh -c 'while tr"    hours ago         Exited ()  hours ago                         romantic_easley

d580c6389d1e        centos              "/bin/bash -c 'while "    hours ago         Exited ()  hours ago                         fervent_williams

b54ed375b3f1        centos              "/bin/sh -c 'while tr"    hours ago         Exited ()  hours ago                         goofy_davinci

a9864174cfb0        centos              "while true; do echo "    hours ago         Created                                        stoic_goodall

eb62a497f026        centos              "/bin/sh -c 'while tr"    hours ago         Exited ()  hours ago                         pedantic_ritchie

3e68d0c13bfd        centos              "/bin/sh -c 'while tr"    hours ago         Exited ()  hours ago                         kickass_jepsen

4d6ae0f25206        centos              "/bin/sh 'while true;"    hours ago         Exited ()  hours ago                       pensive_chandrasekhar

a8770406b896        centos              "/bin/sh -c 'while tr"    hours ago         Exited ()  hours ago                         cranky_pasteur

7ecb2ca7d612        centos              "while true;do echo h"    hours ago         Created                                        gigantic_lalande

6ddae878765f        centos              "/bin/sh -c 'while tr"    hours ago         Exited ()  hours ago                         serene_euler

c761cee8863f        docker.io/centos    "/bin/bash"               hours ago         Up  minutes                                  mycentos

ccfc03f90613        docker.io/centos    "/bin/echo /bin/bash"     hours ago         Exited ()  hours ago                         elated_brown

443da0721b41        docker.io/centos    "/bin/echo 'hello wor"    hours ago         Exited ()  hours ago                         gigantic_sinoussi

[root@docker ~]# docker rm reverent_yalow

reverent_yalow

[root@docker ~]# docker ps -a

CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                     PORTS               NAMES

cd9cf2398630        centos              "while true ;echo hel"    hours ago         Created                                        high_mclean

cc93e8ced322        centos              "echo hello world"        hours ago         Exited ()  hours ago                         stupefied_dubinsky

475cd09a2e6e        centos              "/bin/sh -c 'while tr"    hours ago         Exited ()  hours ago                         romantic_easley

d580c6389d1e        centos              "/bin/bash -c 'while "    hours ago         Exited ()  hours ago                         fervent_williams

b54ed375b3f1        centos              "/bin/sh -c 'while tr"    hours ago         Exited ()  hours ago                         goofy_davinci

a9864174cfb0        centos              "while true; do echo "    hours ago         Created                                        stoic_goodall

eb62a497f026        centos              "/bin/sh -c 'while tr"    hours ago         Exited ()  hours ago                         pedantic_ritchie

3e68d0c13bfd        centos              "/bin/sh -c 'while tr"    hours ago         Exited ()  hours ago                         kickass_jepsen

4d6ae0f25206        centos              "/bin/sh 'while true;"    hours ago         Exited ()  hours ago                       pensive_chandrasekhar

a8770406b896        centos              "/bin/sh -c 'while tr"    hours ago         Exited ()  hours ago                         cranky_pasteur

7ecb2ca7d612        centos              "while true;do echo h"    hours ago         Created                                        gigantic_lalande

6ddae878765f        centos              "/bin/sh -c 'while tr"    hours ago         Exited ()  hours ago                         serene_euler

c761cee8863f        docker.io/centos    "/bin/bash"               hours ago         Up  minutes                                  mycentos

ccfc03f90613        docker.io/centos    "/bin/echo /bin/bash"     hours ago         Exited ()  hours ago                         elated_brown

443da0721b41        docker.io/centos    "/bin/echo 'hello wor"    hours ago         Exited ()  hours ago                         gigantic_sinoussi

reverent_yalow

如果删除一个正在运行中的容器，可以添加-f 参数。Docker会发送SIGKLL信号给容器。

清理所有出于终止状态的容器，可以配合刚才我们展示的docker ps -a -q。用docker rm $(docker ps -a -q)

例：删除所有终止状态的容器

[root@docker ~]# docker ps -a

CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                     PORTS               NAMES

cd9cf2398630        centos              "while true ;echo hel"    hours ago         Created                                        high_mclean

cc93e8ced322        centos              "echo hello world"        hours ago         Exited ()  hours ago                         stupefied_dubinsky

475cd09a2e6e        centos              "/bin/sh -c 'while tr"    hours ago         Exited ()  hours ago                         romantic_easley

d580c6389d1e        centos              "/bin/bash -c 'while "    hours ago         Exited ()  hours ago                         fervent_williams

b54ed375b3f1        centos              "/bin/sh -c 'while tr"    hours ago         Exited ()  hours ago                         goofy_davinci

a9864174cfb0        centos              "while true; do echo "    hours ago         Created                                        stoic_goodall

eb62a497f026        centos              "/bin/sh -c 'while tr"    hours ago         Exited ()  hours ago                         pedantic_ritchie

3e68d0c13bfd        centos              "/bin/sh -c 'while tr"    hours ago         Exited ()  hours ago                         kickass_jepsen

4d6ae0f25206        centos              "/bin/sh 'while true;"    hours ago         Exited ()  hours ago                       pensive_chandrasekhar

a8770406b896        centos              "/bin/sh -c 'while tr"    hours ago         Exited ()  hours ago                         cranky_pasteur

7ecb2ca7d612        centos              "while true;do echo h"    hours ago         Created                                        gigantic_lalande

6ddae878765f        centos              "/bin/sh -c 'while tr"    hours ago         Exited ()  hours ago                         serene_euler

c761cee8863f        docker.io/centos    "/bin/bash"               hours ago         Up About an hour                               mycentos

ccfc03f90613        docker.io/centos    "/bin/echo /bin/bash"     hours ago         Exited ()  hours ago                         elated_brown

443da0721b41        docker.io/centos    "/bin/echo 'hello wor"    hours ago         Exited ()  hours ago                         gigantic_sinoussi

[root@docker ~]# docker rm $(docker ps -a -q)

cd9cf2398630

cc93e8ced322

475cd09a2e6e

d580c6389d1e

b54ed375b3f1

a9864174cfb0

eb62a497f026

3e68d0c13bfd

4d6ae0f25206

a8770406b896

7ecb2ca7d612

6ddae878765f

ccfc03f90613

443da0721b41

Failed to remove container (c761cee8863f): Error response from daemon: Conflict, You cannot remove a running container. Stop the container before attempting removal or use -f

[root@docker ~]# docker ps -a

CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES

c761cee8863f        docker.io/centos    "/bin/bash"          hours ago         Up About an hour                        mycentos

删除所有终止状态容器

这里还有一个测试时好用的参数

docker run --rm [选项] [镜像名称] [命令]

使用 --rm参数在我们使用完这个容器，关闭就会自动删除，省时省力，当然如果还需要在测试，就重新启动一个容器，也符合docker不可变基础设施理念。

例：创建一个测试容器，退出后自动给删除

[root@docker ~]# docker ps -a

CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES

c761cee8863f        docker.io/centos    "/bin/bash"          hours ago         Up About an hour                        mycentos

[root@docker ~]# docker run --rm -it  --name ceshi centos /bin/bash

[root@e392d10516b0 /]# exit

[root@docker ~]# docker ps -a

CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES

c761cee8863f        docker.io/centos    "/bin/bash"          hours ago         Up About an hour                        mycentos

测试

目前先分享到这里，因本人报名赵班长的架构师课程开班。容器和创建镜像在以后的文档中会再有更加详细的介绍。

秒客网

进击的docker 二： docker 快速入门

1、安装docker

1.1、安装环境

1.2、安装docker

1.3、查看安装结果

2、启动docker

2.1、启动docker镜像

2.2、查看docker状态

2.3、关闭docker

2.4、查看本地网络

3、基础命令讲解

3.1、镜像

3.1.1、搜索

3.1.2、下载

3.1.3 导出镜像

3.1.4、导入镜像

3.1.5 查看已有镜像

3.1.6删除镜像

3.1.7创建镜像

3.2容器

3.2.1、启动容器

3.2.2、启动已经终止的容器

3.2.3、后台运行

3.2.3、进入镜像

3.2.3.1、attach

3.2.3.2、 nsenter

3.2.3.3、docker exec

3.2.4、查看容器列表

3.2.5、容器删除

相关文章

进击的docker 二 ： docker 快速入门

1、安装docker

1.1、安装环境

1.2、安装docker

1.3、查看安装结果

2、启动docker

2.1、启动docker镜像

2.2、查看docker状态

2.3、关闭docker

2.4、查看本地网络

3、基础命令讲解

3.1、镜像

3.1.1、搜索

3.1.2、下载

3.1.3 导出镜像

3.1.4、导入镜像

3.1.5 查看已有镜像

3.1.6删除镜像

3.1.7创建镜像

3.2容器

3.2.1、启动容器

3.2.2、启动已经终止的容器

3.2.3、后台运行

3.2.3、进入镜像

3.2.3.1、attach

3.2.3.2、 nsenter

3.2.3.3、docker exec

3.2.4、查看容器列表

3.2.5、容器删除

相关文章

进击的docker 二： docker 快速入门