很多的软件项目中都会使用到定时任务、定时轮询数据库同步,定时邮件通知等功能。.NET Framework具有“内置”定时器功能,通过System.Timers.Timer类。在使用Timer类需要面对的问题:计时器没有持久化机制;计时器具有不灵活的计划(仅能设置开始时间和重复间隔,没有基于日期,时间等);计时器不使用线程池(每个定时器一个线程);计时器没有真正的管理方案 - 你必须编写自己的机制,以便能够记住,组织和检索任务的名称等。
如果需要在.NET实现定时器的功能,可以尝试使用以下这款开源免费的组件Quartz.Net组件。目前Quartz.NET版本为3.0,修改了原来的一些问题:修复由于线程本地存储而不能与AdoJobStore协同工作的调度器信令;线程局部状态完全删除;quartz.serializer.type是必需的,即使非序列化RAMJobStore正在使用;JSON序列化错误地称为序列化回调。
一.Quart.NET概述:
Quartz是一个作业调度系统,可以与任何其他软件系统集成或一起使用。作业调度程序是一个系统,负责在执行预处理程序时执行(或通知)其他软件组件 - 确定(调度)时间到达。Quartz是非常灵活的,并且包含多个使用范例,可以单独使用或一起使用,以实现您所需的行为,并使您能够以您的项目看起来最“自然”的方式编写代码。组件的使用非常轻便,并且需要非常少的设置/配置 - 如果您的需求相对基础,它实际上可以使用“开箱即用”。Quartz是容错的,并且可以在系统重新启动之间保留(记住)您的预定作业。尽管Quartz对于在给定的时间表上简单地运行某些系统进程非常有用,但当您学习如何使用Quartz来驱动应用程序的业务流程时,Quartz的全部潜能可以实现。
Quartz是作为一个小的动态链接库(.dll文件)分发的,它包含所有的核心Quartz功能。 此功能的主要接口(API)是调度程序接口。 它提供简单的操作,如调度/非调度作业,启动/停止/暂停调度程序。如果你想安排你自己的软件组件执行,他们必须实现简单的Job接口,它包含方法execute()。 如果希望在计划的触发时间到达时通知组件,则组件应实现TriggerListener或JobListener接口。主要的Quartz'进程'可以在您自己的应用程序或独立应用程序(使用远程接口)中启动和运行。
二.Quartz.NET主体类和方法解析:
1.StdSchedulerFactory类:创建QuartzScheduler实例。
/// <summary>
/// 返回此工厂生成的调度程序的句柄。
/// </summary>
/// <remarks>
///如果<see cref =“Initialize()”/>方法之一没有先前调用,然后是默认(no-arg)<see cref =“Initialize()”/>方法将被这个方法调用。
/// </remarks>
public virtual IScheduler GetScheduler()
{
if (cfg == null)
{
Initialize();
} SchedulerRepository schedRep = SchedulerRepository.Instance; IScheduler sched = schedRep.Lookup(SchedulerName); if (sched != null)
{
if (sched.IsShutdown)
{
schedRep.Remove(SchedulerName);
}
else
{
return sched;
}
} sched = Instantiate(); return sched;
}
public interface ISchedulerFactory
{
/// <summary>
/// Returns handles to all known Schedulers (made by any SchedulerFactory
/// within this app domain.).
/// </summary>
ICollection<IScheduler> AllSchedulers { get; } /// <summary>
/// Returns a client-usable handle to a <see cref="IScheduler" />.
/// </summary>
IScheduler GetScheduler(); /// <summary>
/// Returns a handle to the Scheduler with the given name, if it exists.
/// </summary>
IScheduler GetScheduler(string schedName);
}
2.JobDetailImpl:传递给定作业实例的详细信息属性。
/// <summary>
/// 获取或设置与<see cref =“IJob”/>相关联的<see cref =“JobDataMap”/>。
/// </summary>
public virtual JobDataMap JobDataMap
{
get
{
if (jobDataMap == null)
{
jobDataMap = new JobDataMap();
}
return jobDataMap;
} set { jobDataMap = value; }
}
3.JobKey:键由名称和组组成,名称必须是唯一的,在组内。 如果只指定一个组,则默认组将使用名称。
[Serializable]
public sealed class JobKey : Key<JobKey>
{
public JobKey(string name) : base(name, null)
{
} public JobKey(string name, string group) : base(name, group)
{
} public static JobKey Create(string name)
{
return new JobKey(name, null);
} public static JobKey Create(string name, string group)
{
return new JobKey(name, group);
}
}
4.StdSchedulerFactory.Initialize():
/// <summary>
/// 使用初始化<see cref =“ISchedulerFactory”/>
///给定键值集合对象的内容。
/// </summary>
public virtual void Initialize(NameValueCollection props)
{
cfg = new PropertiesParser(props);
ValidateConfiguration();
} protected virtual void ValidateConfiguration()
{
if (!cfg.GetBooleanProperty(PropertyCheckConfiguration, true))
{
// should not validate
return;
} // determine currently supported configuration keys via reflection
List<string> supportedKeys = new List<string>();
List<FieldInfo> fields = new List<FieldInfo>(GetType().GetFields(BindingFlags.Static | BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.FlattenHierarchy));
// choose constant string fields
fields = fields.FindAll(field => field.FieldType == typeof (string)); // read value from each field
foreach (FieldInfo field in fields)
{
string value = (string) field.GetValue(null);
if (value != null && value.StartsWith(ConfigurationKeyPrefix) && value != ConfigurationKeyPrefix)
{
supportedKeys.Add(value);
}
} // now check against allowed
foreach (string configurationKey in cfg.UnderlyingProperties.AllKeys)
{
if (!configurationKey.StartsWith(ConfigurationKeyPrefix) || configurationKey.StartsWith(ConfigurationKeyPrefixServer))
{
// don't bother if truly unknown property
continue;
} bool isMatch = false;
foreach (string supportedKey in supportedKeys)
{
if (configurationKey.StartsWith(supportedKey, StringComparison.InvariantCulture))
{
isMatch = true;
break;
}
}
if (!isMatch)
{
throw new SchedulerConfigException("Unknown configuration property '" + configurationKey + "'");
}
} }
三.Quartz.NET的基本应用:
下面提供一些较为通用的任务处理代码:
1.任务处理帮助类:
/// <summary>
/// 任务处理帮助类
/// </summary>
public class QuartzHelper
{
public QuartzHelper() { } public QuartzHelper(string quartzServer, string quartzPort)
{
Server = quartzServer;
Port = quartzPort;
} /// <summary>
/// 锁对象
/// </summary>
private static readonly object Obj = new object(); /// <summary>
/// 方案
/// </summary>
private const string Scheme = "tcp"; /// <summary>
/// 服务器的地址
/// </summary>
public static string Server { get; set; } /// <summary>
/// 服务器的端口
/// </summary>
public static string Port { get; set; } /// <summary>
/// 缓存任务所在程序集信息
/// </summary>
private static readonly Dictionary<string, Assembly> AssemblyDict = new Dictionary<string, Assembly>(); /// <summary>
/// 程序调度
/// </summary>
private static IScheduler _scheduler; /// <summary>
/// 初始化任务调度对象
/// </summary>
public static void InitScheduler()
{
try
{
lock (Obj)
{
if (_scheduler != null) return;
//配置文件的方式,配置quartz实例
ISchedulerFactory schedulerFactory = new StdSchedulerFactory();
_scheduler = schedulerFactory.GetScheduler();
}
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
throw new Exception(ex.Message);
}
} /// <summary>
/// 启用任务调度
/// 启动调度时会把任务表中状态为“执行中”的任务加入到任务调度队列中
/// </summary>
public static void StartScheduler()
{
try
{
if (_scheduler.IsStarted) return;
//添加全局监听
_scheduler.ListenerManager.AddTriggerListener(new CustomTriggerListener(), GroupMatcher<TriggerKey>.AnyGroup());
_scheduler.Start(); //获取所有执行中的任务
List<TaskModel> listTask = TaskHelper.GetAllTaskList().ToList(); if (listTask.Count > )
{
foreach (TaskModel taskUtil in listTask)
{
try
{
ScheduleJob(taskUtil);
}
catch (Exception e)
{
throw new Exception(taskUtil.TaskName,e);
}
}
}
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
throw new Exception(ex.Message);
}
} /// <summary>
/// 启用任务
/// <param name="task">任务信息</param>
/// <param name="isDeleteOldTask">是否删除原有任务</param>
/// <returns>返回任务trigger</returns>
/// </summary>
public static void ScheduleJob(TaskModel task, bool isDeleteOldTask = false)
{
if (isDeleteOldTask)
{
//先删除现有已存在任务
DeleteJob(task.TaskID.ToString());
}
//验证是否正确的Cron表达式
if (ValidExpression(task.CronExpressionString))
{
IJobDetail job = new JobDetailImpl(task.TaskID.ToString(), GetClassInfo(task.AssemblyName, task.ClassName));
//添加任务执行参数
job.JobDataMap.Add("TaskParam", task.TaskParam); CronTriggerImpl trigger = new CronTriggerImpl
{
CronExpressionString = task.CronExpressionString,
Name = task.TaskID.ToString(),
Description = task.TaskName
};
_scheduler.ScheduleJob(job, trigger);
if (task.Status == TaskStatus.STOP)
{
JobKey jk = new JobKey(task.TaskID.ToString());
_scheduler.PauseJob(jk);
}
else
{
List<DateTime> list = GetNextFireTime(task.CronExpressionString, );
foreach (var time in list)
{
LogHelper.WriteLog(time.ToString(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture));
}
}
}
else
{
throw new Exception(task.CronExpressionString + "不是正确的Cron表达式,无法启动该任务!");
}
} /// <summary>
/// 初始化 远程Quartz服务器中的,各个Scheduler实例。
/// 提供给远程管理端的后台,用户获取Scheduler实例的信息。
/// </summary>
public static void InitRemoteScheduler()
{
try
{
NameValueCollection properties = new NameValueCollection
{
["quartz.scheduler.instanceName"] = "ExampleQuartzScheduler",
["quartz.scheduler.proxy"] = "true",
["quartz.scheduler.proxy.address"] =string.Format("{0}://{1}:{2}/QuartzScheduler", Scheme, Server, Port)
}; ISchedulerFactory sf = new StdSchedulerFactory(properties); _scheduler = sf.GetScheduler();
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
throw new Exception(ex.StackTrace);
}
} /// <summary>
/// 删除现有任务
/// </summary>
/// <param name="jobKey"></param>
public static void DeleteJob(string jobKey)
{
try
{
JobKey jk = new JobKey(jobKey);
if (_scheduler.CheckExists(jk))
{
//任务已经存在则删除
_scheduler.DeleteJob(jk); }
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
throw new Exception(ex.Message);
}
} /// <summary>
/// 暂停任务
/// </summary>
/// <param name="jobKey"></param>
public static void PauseJob(string jobKey)
{
try
{
JobKey jk = new JobKey(jobKey);
if (_scheduler.CheckExists(jk))
{
//任务已经存在则暂停任务
_scheduler.PauseJob(jk);
}
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
throw new Exception(ex.Message);
}
} /// <summary>
/// 恢复运行暂停的任务
/// </summary>
/// <param name="jobKey">任务key</param>
public static void ResumeJob(string jobKey)
{
try
{
JobKey jk = new JobKey(jobKey);
if (_scheduler.CheckExists(jk))
{
//任务已经存在则暂停任务
_scheduler.ResumeJob(jk);
}
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
throw new Exception(ex.Message);
}
} /// <summary>
/// 获取类的属性、方法
/// </summary>
/// <param name="assemblyName">程序集</param>
/// <param name="className">类名</param>
private static Type GetClassInfo(string assemblyName, string className)
{
try
{
assemblyName = FileHelper.GetAbsolutePath(assemblyName + ".dll");
Assembly assembly = null;
if (!AssemblyDict.TryGetValue(assemblyName, out assembly))
{
assembly = Assembly.LoadFrom(assemblyName);
AssemblyDict[assemblyName] = assembly;
}
Type type = assembly.GetType(className, true, true);
return type;
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
throw new Exception(ex.Message);
}
} /// <summary>
/// 停止任务调度
/// </summary>
public static void StopSchedule()
{
try
{
//判断调度是否已经关闭
if (!_scheduler.IsShutdown)
{
//等待任务运行完成
_scheduler.Shutdown(true);
}
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
throw new Exception(ex.Message);
}
} /// <summary>
/// 校验字符串是否为正确的Cron表达式
/// </summary>
/// <param name="cronExpression">带校验表达式</param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static bool ValidExpression(string cronExpression)
{
return CronExpression.IsValidExpression(cronExpression);
} /// <summary>
/// 获取任务在未来周期内哪些时间会运行
/// </summary>
/// <param name="CronExpressionString">Cron表达式</param>
/// <param name="numTimes">运行次数</param>
/// <returns>运行时间段</returns>
public static List<DateTime> GetNextFireTime(string CronExpressionString, int numTimes)
{
if (numTimes < )
{
throw new Exception("参数numTimes值大于等于0");
}
//时间表达式
ITrigger trigger = TriggerBuilder.Create().WithCronSchedule(CronExpressionString).Build();
IList<DateTimeOffset> dates = TriggerUtils.ComputeFireTimes(trigger as IOperableTrigger, null, numTimes);
List<DateTime> list = new List<DateTime>();
foreach (DateTimeOffset dtf in dates)
{
list.Add(TimeZoneInfo.ConvertTimeFromUtc(dtf.DateTime, TimeZoneInfo.Local));
}
return list;
} public static object CurrentTaskList()
{
throw new NotImplementedException();
} /// <summary>
/// 获取当前执行的Task 对象
/// </summary>
/// <param name="context"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static TaskModel GetTaskDetail(IJobExecutionContext context)
{
TaskModel task = new TaskModel(); if (context != null)
{ task.TaskID = Guid.Parse(context.Trigger.Key.Name);
task.TaskName = context.Trigger.Description;
task.RecentRunTime = DateTime.Now;
task.TaskParam = context.JobDetail.JobDataMap.Get("TaskParam") != null ? context.JobDetail.JobDataMap.Get("TaskParam").ToString() : "";
}
return task;
}
}
2.设置执行中的任务:
public class TaskBll
{
private readonly TaskDAL _dal = new TaskDAL(); /// <summary>
/// 获取任务列表
/// </summary>
/// <param name="pageIndex"></param>
/// <param name="pageSize"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public PageOf<TaskModel> GetTaskList(int pageIndex, int pageSize)
{
return _dal.GetTaskList(pageIndex, pageSize);
} /// <summary>
/// 读取数据库中全部的任务
/// </summary>
/// <returns></returns>
public List<TaskModel> GetAllTaskList()
{
return _dal.GetAllTaskList();
} /// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
/// <param name="taskId"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public TaskModel GetById(string taskId)
{
throw new NotImplementedException();
} /// <summary>
/// 删除任务
/// </summary>
/// <param name="taskId"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public bool DeleteById(string taskId)
{
return _dal.UpdateTaskStatus(taskId, -);
} /// <summary>
/// 修改任务
/// </summary>
/// <param name="taskId"></param>
/// <param name="status"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public bool UpdateTaskStatus(string taskId, int status)
{
return _dal.UpdateTaskStatus(taskId, status);
} /// <summary>
/// 修改任务的下次启动时间
/// </summary>
/// <param name="taskId"></param>
/// <param name="nextFireTime"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public bool UpdateNextFireTime(string taskId, DateTime nextFireTime)
{
return _dal.UpdateNextFireTime(taskId, nextFireTime);
} /// <summary>
/// 根据任务Id 修改 上次运行时间
/// </summary>
/// <param name="taskId"></param>
/// <param name="recentRunTime"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public bool UpdateRecentRunTime(string taskId, DateTime recentRunTime)
{
return _dal.UpdateRecentRunTime(taskId, recentRunTime);
} /// <summary>
/// 根据任务Id 获取任务
/// </summary>
/// <param name="taskId"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public TaskModel GetTaskById(string taskId)
{
return _dal.GetTaskById(taskId);
} /// <summary>
/// 添加任务
/// </summary>
/// <param name="task"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public bool Add(TaskModel task)
{
return _dal.Add(task);
} /// <summary>
/// 修改任务
/// </summary>
/// <param name="task"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public bool Edit(TaskModel task)
{
return _dal.Edit(task);
}
}
3.任务实体:
/// <summary>
/// 任务实体
/// </summary>
public class TaskModel
{
/// <summary>
/// 任务ID
/// </summary>
public Guid TaskID { get; set; } /// <summary>
/// 任务名称
/// </summary>
public string TaskName { get; set; } /// <summary>
/// 任务执行参数
/// </summary>
public string TaskParam { get; set; } /// <summary>
/// 运行频率设置
/// </summary>
public string CronExpressionString { get; set; } /// <summary>
/// 任务运频率中文说明
/// </summary>
public string CronRemark { get; set; } /// <summary>
/// 任务所在DLL对应的程序集名称
/// </summary>
public string AssemblyName { get; set; } /// <summary>
/// 任务所在类
/// </summary>
public string ClassName { get; set; } public TaskStatus Status { get; set; } /// <summary>
/// 任务创建时间
/// </summary>
public DateTime? CreatedTime { get; set; } /// <summary>
/// 任务修改时间
/// </summary>
public DateTime? ModifyTime { get; set; } /// <summary>
/// 任务最近运行时间
/// </summary>
public DateTime? RecentRunTime { get; set; } /// <summary>
/// 任务下次运行时间
/// </summary>
public DateTime? NextFireTime { get; set; } /// <summary>
/// 任务备注
/// </summary>
public string Remark { get; set; } /// <summary>
/// 是否删除
/// </summary>
public int IsDelete { get; set; }
}
4.配置文件:
# You can configure your scheduler in either <quartz> configuration section
# or in quartz properties file
# Configuration section has precedence quartz.scheduler.instanceName = ExampleQuartzScheduler # configure thread pool info
quartz.threadPool.type = Quartz.Simpl.SimpleThreadPool, Quartz
quartz.threadPool.threadCount =
quartz.threadPool.threadPriority = Normal # job initialization plugin handles our xml reading, without it defaults are used
# quartz.plugin.xml.type = Quartz.Plugin.Xml.XMLSchedulingDataProcessorPlugin, Quartz
# quartz.plugin.xml.fileNames = ~/quartz_jobs.xml # export this server to remoting context
quartz.scheduler.exporter.type = Quartz.Simpl.RemotingSchedulerExporter, Quartz
quartz.scheduler.exporter.port =
quartz.scheduler.exporter.bindName = QuartzScheduler
quartz.scheduler.exporter.channelType = tcp
quartz.scheduler.exporter.channelName = httpQuartz
四.总结:
在项目中比较多的使用到定时任务的功能,今天的介绍的组件可以很好的完成一些定时任务的要求。这篇文章主要是作为引子,简单的介绍了组件的背景和组件的使用方式,如果项目中需要使用,可以进行更加深入的了解。
.NET组件介绍系列:
一款开源免费的.NET文档操作组件DocX(.NET组件介绍之一)http://www.cnblogs.com/pengze0902/p/6122311.html
高效而稳定的企业级.NET Office 组件Spire(.NET组件介绍之二)http://www.cnblogs.com/pengze0902/p/6125570.html
最好的.NET开源免费ZIP库DotNetZip(.NET组件介绍之三)http://www.cnblogs.com/pengze0902/p/6124659.html
免费开源的DotNet二维码操作组件ThoughtWorks.QRCode(.NET组件介绍之四)http://www.cnblogs.com/pengze0902/p/6134506.html
免费开源的DotNet任务调度组件Quartz.NET(.NET组件介绍之五)http://www.cnblogs.com/pengze0902/p/6128558.html
免费高效实用的Excel操作组件NPOI(.NET组件介绍之六)http://www.cnblogs.com/pengze0902/p/6150070.html