模板继承 (extend)
Django模版引擎中最强大也是最复杂的部分就是模版继承了。模版继承可以让您创建一个基本的“骨架”模版,它包含您站点中的全部元素,并且可以定义能够被子模版覆盖的 blocks 。
通过从下面这个例子开始,可以容易的理解模版继承:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="style.css" />
<title>{% block title %}My amazing site{%/span> endblock %}</title>
</head> <body>
<div id="sidebar">
{% block sidebar %}
<ul>
<li><a href="/">Home</a></li>
<li><a href="/blog/">Blog</a></li>
</ul>
{% endblock %}
</div> <div id="content">
{% block content %}{% endblock %}
</div>
</body>
</html>
这个模版,我们把它叫作 base.html
, 它定义了一个可以用于两列排版页面的简单HTML骨架。“子模版”的工作是用它们的内容填充空的blocks。
在这个例子中, block
标签定义了三个可以被子模版内容填充的block。 block
告诉模版引擎: 子模版可能会覆盖掉模版中的这些位置。
子模版可能看起来是这样的:
{% extends "base.html" %}//先写上从哪里继承的模板
{% block title %}My amazing blog{% endblock %}//用这个数据去替换掉模板里的内容
{% block content %}
{% for entry in blog_entries %}//用的是循环来显示内容
<h2>{{ entry.title }}</h2>
<p>{{ entry.body }}</p>
{% endfor %}这个是标签的结束标志
{% endblock %}
快捷键:先写block接着按Table快捷键
extends 标签是这里的关键。它告诉模版引擎,这个模版“继承”了另一个模版。当模版系统处理这个模版时,首先,它将定位父模版——在此例中,就是“base.html”。
那时,模版引擎将注意到 base.html
中的三个 block
标签,并用子模版中的内容来替换这些block。根据 blog_entries
的值,输出可能看起来是这样的:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="style.css" />
<title>My amazing blog</title>
</head>
<body>
<div id="sidebar">
<ul>
<li><a href="/">Home</a></li>
<li><a href="/blog/">Blog</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div id="content">
<h2>Entry one</h2>
<p>This is my first entry.</p>
<h2>Entry two</h2>
<p>This is my second entry.</p>
</div>
</body>
</html>
请注意,子模版并没有定义 sidebar
block,所以系统使用了父模版中的值。父模版的 {% block %}
标签中的内容总是被用作备选内容(fallback)。父标签里的block名字不能重复,不然找不到是哪个对应哪个。
如果要继承父标签的名字里面的内容可以用:
{% block menu %}
<p><h>班级信息</h></p>
{{ block.super }}//继承父亲的用这种方法 {% endblock %}
今日代码:
urls
from django.conf.urls import url
from django.contrib import admin
from app01 import views urlpatterns = [
url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
url(r'^class/',views.class_info),
url(r'^studentInfo/(\d+)',views.student_info),
]
views
from django.shortcuts import render # Create your views here.
def class_info(request):
return render(request,"index3.html")
def student_info(request,id): return render(request,"studentInfo.html",{"class_id":id})
Templates
母模版
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<title>Title</title>
<style>
.header {
width: 100%;
height: 40px;
background-color: #2aabd2;
} .content {
width: 100%;
height: 520px; } .left, .right {
float: left; }
.left{
width:20%;
height: 520px;
background-color: greenyellow;
}
.footer {
width: 100%;
height: 40px;
background-color: palevioletred;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="header"></div>
<div class="content">
<div class="left">
{% block menu %}
<ul>
<li><a href="/studentInfo/6">S6</a></li>
<li><a href="/studentInfo/7">S7</a></li>
<li><a href="/studentInfo/8">S8</a></li>
</ul>
{% endblock %} </div>
<div class="right">
{% block con %} {% endblock %}
</div> </div>
<div class="footer"></div>
</body>
</html>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
{% extends "base.html" %}//继承母模版
{% block con %}这里包括开始和模板的名字
<h2>首页</h2>
{% endblock %} </body>
</html>
{% extends "base.html" %}
{% block menu %}
<p><h>班级信息</h></p>
{{ block.super }}//继承父亲的用这种方法 {% endblock %}
{% block con %}
<p><h>学生信息</h></p>
<h2>第{{ class_id }}页</h2>
<h>{{ class_id }}:班</h> {% endblock %}
ORM:
这次数据库用的是MySQL需要更改数据配置:和注销掉原来django自带的数据库
DATABASES = { 'default': { 'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql', 'NAME': 'crm', #你的数据库名称 'USER': 'root', #你的数据库用户名 'PASSWORD': '', #你的数据库密码 'HOST': '', #你的数据库主机,留空默认为localhost 'PORT': '', #你的数据库端口 } }
设置前端的静态文本:
static也需要在setting里面需要修改:
STATIC_URL = '/static/'
STATICFILES_DIR=[
os.path.join(BASE_DIR,"static")
]
图书管理系统:先配置文件接着运行数据库持久化 用两行代码做数据库的持久化
M:
from django.db import models # Create your models here. class Book(models.Model):
nid=models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
title=models.CharField(max_length=32)
author=models.CharField(max_length=32)
publishDate=models.DateField()
price=models.DecimalField(max_digits=5,decimal_places=2)
V:
"""mysite1 URL Configuration The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see:
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/topics/http/urls/
Examples:
Function views
1. Add an import: from my_app import views
2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: url(r'^$', views.home, name='home')
Class-based views
1. Add an import: from other_app.views import Home
2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: url(r'^$', Home.as_view(), name='home')
Including another URLconf
1. Import the include() function: from django.conf.urls import url, include
2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: url(r'^blog/', include('blog.urls'))
"""
from django.conf.urls import url
from django.contrib import admin
from app003 import views
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
url(r'^index/', views.index),
url(r'^del/(\d+)', views.del_book),
url(r'^edit/(\d+)', views.edit_book),
url(r'^edit/', views.edit_book),
url(r'^add/', views.add_book),
]
T
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<title>Title</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/bootstrap-3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css">
<script src="/static/bootstrap-3.3.7/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
<style>
.container {
margin-top: 100px;
}
.btn-primary{
margin-bottom: 50px; }
</style>
</head>
<body> <div class="container">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-6 clo-md-offset-2">
<table class=" table table-striped text-center table-bordered">
<thead>
<tr>
<th class="text-center">编号</th>
<th class="text-center">姓名</th>
<th class="text-center">作者</th>
<th class="text-center">出版日期</th>
<th class="text-center">价格</th>
<th class="text-center">操作</th>
<a href="/add/"><button class="btn btn-primary">添加</button></a>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
{% for book in bookList %}
<tr>
<td>{{ book.nid }}</td>
<td>{{ book.title }}</td>
<td>{{ book.author }}</td>
<td>{{ book.publishDate|date:"Y-m-d" }}</td>
<td>{{ book.price }}</td>
<td>
<a href="/del/{{ book.nid }}"><button class="btn btn-danger"> 删除</button></a>
<a href="/edit/{{ book.nid }}"><button class="btn btn-info"> 编辑</button></a></td>
</tr>
{% endfor %}
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div> </body>
</html>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="/index/" method="post">
{# {% csrf_token %}#}
<p>编号:<input type="text" name="id" value={{ }}></p>
<p>书名:<input type="text" name="title" value={{ }}></p>
<p>作者:<input type="text" name="author" value={{ }}></p>
<p>出版日期:<input type="text" name="publishDate" value={{ }}></p>
<p>价格:<input type="text" name="price" value={{ }}></p>
<p><input type="submit" ></p>
</form> </body>
</html>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="/index/" method="post">
<p>书名:<input type="text" name="title" ></p>
<p>作者:<input type="text" name="author"></p>
<p>出版日期:<input type="text" name="publishDate"></p>
<p>价格:<input type="text" name="price"></p>
<p><input type="submit" ></p>
</form>
</body>
</html>
在后台获取数据首先想到用form表单的方法获取:request.POST.get(" ")或者request.GET.get("").在前端用句点符.获取。