Context,是golang用来控制并发流程的库,它能方便的将主控程序的停止信号传递到goroutinue中,从而实现一键中止关联goroutinue的执行,除此之外,它还能将外部变量通过Value的接口传递到goroutinue中。Context是一个接口类型,可以看下面的代码的定义,可以提供一类代表上下文的值,此类型值是并发安全的,也就是说它可以被传播给多个goroutinue。
// A Context carries a deadline, cancelation signal, and request-scoped values
// across API boundaries. Its methods are safe for simultaneous use by multiple
// goroutines.
type Context interface {
// Done returns a channel that is closed when this Context is canceled
// or times out.
Done() <-chan struct{}
// Err indicates why this context was canceled, after the Done channel
// is closed.
Err() error
// Deadline returns the time when this Context will be canceled, if any.
Deadline() (deadline time.Time, ok bool)
// Value returns the value associated with key or nil if none.
Value(key interface{}) interface{}
}
如何获得contexts?
context包提供从现有上下文值派生新上下文值的函数。这些值形成一棵树:当上下文被取消时,从它派生的所有上下文也被取消。
这棵树的树根或者说根节点是一个在contex包中预定义好的Context值,它是全局唯一的。通过调用context.Background函数,我们就可以获取到它。
根节点仅仅是一个最基本的支点,不能被撤销,也不携带任何数据
// Background returns an empty Context. It is never canceled, has no deadline,
// and has no values. Background is typically used in main, init, and tests,
// and as the top-level Context for incoming requests.
func Background() Context
可以通过context.Background()获得一个初始Context。生成的context传递给WithCancel,WithDeadline,With Timeout,WithValue来生成不同的context。
func WithCancel(parent Context) (ctx Context, cancel CancelFunc)
func WithDeadline(parent Context, deadline time.Time) (Context, CancelFunc)
func WithTimeout(parent Context, timeout time.Duration) (Context, CancelFunc)
func WithValue(parent Context, key, val interface{}) Context
这四个能衍生context的函数,都接受一个初始Context作为第一个参数。
自己写的例子
package main
import (
"fmt"
"context"
"time"
)
func subPeriodPrint(ctx context.Context, msg string) {
for {
stop := false
select {
case <-ctx.Done():
fmt.Printf("Over\n")
stop = true
default:
fmt.Printf("print msg:%s\n", msg)
time.Sleep(time.Second * 1)
}
if stop {
break
}
}
}
func main() {
// cancel 用来主动发送撤销通知,因为是WithTimeout函数,定时时间到了也会撤销
ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), time.Second * 1)
for i:=0;i <=1;i++ {
msg := fmt.Sprintf("current count is %d", i)
go subPeriodPrint(ctx, msg)
}
// 可以设置为5秒和2秒查看打印的不同
time.Sleep(time.Second * 5)
fmt.Println("manual cancel")
cancel()
}
Ctx.WithValue
WithValue可以将参数塞进context里去,可以实现中间件的功能。比如将将用户session和登陆信息在各个requests之间携带。
设置value
ctx := context.WithValue(parentContext, key, value)
获取value
value:=ctx.Value(key)
Go语言实战笔记(二十)| Go Context
Go Concurrency Patterns: Context
Go Concurrency Patterns: Pipelines and cancellation
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