如何对所有非ascii字符进行grep ?

I have several very large XML files and I'm trying to find the lines that contain non-ASCII characters. I've tried the following:

我有几个非常大的XML文件，我试图找到包含非ascii字符的行。我试过以下:

grep -e "[\x{00FF}-\x{FFFF}]" file.xml

But this returns every line in the file, regardless of whether the line contains a character in the range specified.

但这将返回文件中的每一行，而不管该行是否包含指定范围内的字符。

Do I have the syntax wrong or am I doing something else wrong? I've also tried:

我的语法有问题吗?还是我做错了别的事?我也试过:

egrep "[\x{00FF}-\x{FFFF}]" file.xml

(with both single and double quotes surrounding the pattern).

(包括单引号和双引号)。

10 个解决方案

#1

399

You can use the command:

您可以使用以下命令:

grep --color='auto' -P -n "[\x80-\xFF]" file.xml

This will give you the line number, and will highlight non-ascii chars in red.

这将给出行号，并以红色突出显示非ascii字符。

In some systems, depending on your settings, the above will not work, so you can grep by the inverse

在某些系统中，根据您的设置，上面的操作将不起作用，因此您可以使用逆操作

grep --color='auto' -P -n "[^\x00-\x7F]" file.xml

Note also, that the important bit is the -P flag which equates to --perl-regexp: so it will interpret your pattern as a Perl regular expression. It also says that

还要注意的是，重要的位是-P标志，它等同于- Perl -regexp:因此它将把您的模式解释为Perl正则表达式。它还说,

this is highly experimental and grep -P may warn of unimplemented features.

这是高度实验性的，grep -P可能警告未实现的特性。

#2

Instead of making assumptions about the byte range of non-ASCII characters, as most of the above solutions do, it's slightly better IMO to be explicit about the actual byte range of ASCII characters instead.

与其对非ASCII字符的字节范围进行假设，不如在上面的大多数解决方案中做一些假设，相反地，对于ASCII字符的实际字节范围来说，它稍微好一些。

So the first solution for instance would become:

所以第一个解决方案是:

grep --color='auto' -P -n '[^\x00-\x7F]' file.xml

(which basically greps for any character outside of the hexadecimal ASCII range: from \x00 up to \x7F)

(基本适用于十六进制ASCII范围之外的任何字符:从\x00到\x7F)

On Mountain Lion that won't work (due to the lack of PCRE support in BSD grep), but with pcre installed via Homebrew, the following will work just as well:

在Mountain Lion上不能工作(由于BSD grep中缺少PCRE支持)，但是通过Homebrew安装PCRE，以下内容也可以工作:

pcregrep --color='auto' -n '[^\x00-\x7F]' file.xml

Any pros or cons that anyone can think off?

有没有人能想到的利与弊?

#3

The following works for me:

以下是我的作品:

grep -P "[\x80-\xFF]" file.xml

Non-ASCII characters start at 0x80 and go to 0xFF when looking at bytes. Grep (and family) don't do Unicode processing to merge multi-byte characters into a single entity for regex matching as you seem to want. The -P option in my grep allows the use of \xdd escapes in character classes to accomplish what you want.

非ascii字符从0x80开始，在查看字节时转到0xFF。Grep(和family)不需要进行Unicode处理，将多字节字符合并到一个实体中，以便按照您的要求进行regex匹配。我的grep中的-P选项允许在字符类中使用\xdd转义来实现您想要的。

#4

In perl

在perl中

perl -ane '{ if(m/[[:^ascii:]]/) { print  } }' fileName > newFile

#5

The easy way is to define a non-ASCII character... as a character that is not an ASCII character.

简单的方法是定义一个非ascii字符……作为非ASCII字符的字符。

LC_ALL=C grep '[^ -~]' file.xml

Add a tab after the ^ if necessary.

^如果必要的话后添加一个选项卡。

Setting LC_COLLATE=C avoids nasty surprises about the meaning of character ranges in many locales. Setting LC_CTYPE=C is necessary to match single-byte characters — otherwise the command would miss invalid byte sequences in the current encoding. Setting LC_ALL=C avoids locale-dependent effects altogether.

设置LC_COLLATE=C可以避免在许多地区中关于字符范围的含义出现令人不快的意外。设置LC_CTYPE=C是匹配单字节字符所必需的——否则命令将会错过当前编码中的无效字节序列。设置LC_ALL=C完全避免了与位置相关的影响。

#6

Here is another variant I found that produced completely different results from the grep search for [\x80-\xFF] in the accepted answer. Perhaps it will be useful to someone to find additional non-ascii characters:

下面是我发现的另一个变体，它在已接受的答案中产生了与grep搜索[\x80-\xFF]完全不同的结果。也许有人可以找到额外的非ascii字符:

grep --color='auto' -P -n "[^[:ascii:]]" myfile.txt

grep -颜色= '汽车' - p - n”[^[ascii:]]”myfile.txt

Note: my computer's grep (a Mac) did not have -P option, so I did brew install grep and started the call above with ggrep instead of grep.

注意:我的计算机的grep (Mac)没有-P选项，所以我使用了brew install grep，并使用ggrep而不是grep启动上面的调用。

#7

The following code works:

下面的代码:

find /tmp | perl -ne 'print if /[^[:ascii:]]/'

Replace /tmp with the name of the directory you want to search through.

用要搜索的目录名替换/tmp。

#8

Strangely, I had to do this today! I ended up using Perl because I couldn't get grep/egrep to work (even in -P mode). Something like:

奇怪的是，我今天不得不这么做!最后我使用了Perl，因为我无法让grep/鹭(甚至在-P模式下)工作。喜欢的东西:

cat blah | perl -en '/\xCA\xFE\xBA\xBE/ && print "found"'

For unicode characters (like \u2212 in example below) use this:

对于unicode字符(如以下示例中的\u2212):

find . ... -exec perl -CA -e '$ARGV = @ARGV[0]; open IN, $ARGV; binmode(IN, ":utf8"); binmode(STDOUT, ":utf8"); while (<IN>) { next unless /\N{U+2212}/; print "$ARGV: $&: $_"; exit }' '{}' \;

#9

It could be interesting to know how to search for one unicode character. This command can help. You only need to know the code in UTF8

知道如何搜索一个unicode字符可能会很有趣。这个命令可以帮助。您只需要知道UTF8中的代码

grep -v $'\u200d'

#10

Searching for non-printable chars.

寻找非输出字符。

I agree with Harvey above buried in the comments, it is often more useful to search for non-printable characters OR it is easy to think non-ASCII when you really should be thinking non-printable. Harvey suggests "use this: "[^\n -~]". Add \r for DOS text files. That translates to "[^\x0A\x020-\x07E]" and add \x0D for CR"

我同意上述哈维的观点，在评论中，搜索不可打印字符通常更有用，或者当你真的应该考虑不可打印时，很容易想到非ascii。哈维认为“使用:“[^ \ n - ~]”。为文本文件添加\r DOS。翻译“[^ \ x0A \ x020 - \ x07E]”并添加\ x0D CR”

Also, adding -c (show count of patterns matched) to grep is useful when searching for non-printable chars as the strings matched can mess up terminal.

此外，在搜索不可打印的字符时，向grep添加-c(显示匹配的模式计数)是有用的，因为匹配的字符串会使终端变得混乱。

I found adding range 0-8 and 0x0e-0x1f (to the 0x80-0xff range) is a useful pattern. This excludes the TAB, CR and LF and one or two more uncommon printable chars. So IMHO a quite a useful (albeit crude) grep pattern is THIS one:

我发现添加范围0-8和0x0e-0x1f(到0x80-0xff范围)是一个有用的模式。这就排除了制表符、CR和LF以及一两个以上不常见的可打印字符。因此，在我看来，一个相当有用(尽管很粗糙)的grep模式是这样的:

grep -c -P -n "[\x00-\x08\x0E-\x1F\x80-\xFF]" *

breakdown:

分解:

\x00-\x08 - non-printable control chars 0 - 7 decimal
\x0E-\x1F - more non-printable control chars 14 - 31 decimal
\x80-1xFF - non-printable chars > 128 decimal
-c - print count of matching lines instead of lines
-P - perl style regexps

Instead of -c you may prefer to use -n (and optionally -b) or -l
-n, --line-number
-b, --byte-offset
-l, --files-with-matches

E.g. practical example of use find to grep all files under current directory:

例如，查找到当前目录下的所有文件的实际使用示例:

find . -type f -exec grep -c -P -n "[\x00-\x08\x0E-\x1F\x80-\xFF]" {} +

You may wish to adjust the grep at times. e.g. BS(0x08 - backspace) char used in some printable files or to exclude VT(0x0B - vertical tab). The BEL(0x07) and ESC(0x1B) chars can also be deemed printable in some cases.

有时您可能希望调整grep。例如，在一些可打印文件中使用的b (0x08 - backspace)字符，或者不包括VT(0x0B - vertical选项卡)。BEL(0x07)和ESC(0x1B) chars在某些情况下也可以被认为是可打印的。

Non-Printable ASCII Chars
** marks PRINTABLE but CONTROL chars that is useful to exclude sometimes
Dec   Hex Ctrl Char description           Dec Hex Ctrl Char description
0     00  ^@  NULL                        16  10  ^P  DATA LINK ESCAPE (DLE)
1     01  ^A  START OF HEADING (SOH)      17  11  ^Q  DEVICE CONTROL 1 (DC1)
2     02  ^B  START OF TEXT (STX)         18  12  ^R  DEVICE CONTROL 2 (DC2)
3     03  ^C  END OF TEXT (ETX)           19  13  ^S  DEVICE CONTROL 3 (DC3)
4     04  ^D  END OF TRANSMISSION (EOT)   20  14  ^T  DEVICE CONTROL 4 (DC4)
5     05  ^E  END OF QUERY (ENQ)          21  15  ^U  NEGATIVE ACKNOWLEDGEMENT (NAK)
6     06  ^F  ACKNOWLEDGE (ACK)           22  16  ^V  SYNCHRONIZE (SYN)
7     07  ^G  BEEP (BEL)                  23  17  ^W  END OF TRANSMISSION BLOCK (ETB)
8     08  ^H  BACKSPACE (BS)**            24  18  ^X  CANCEL (CAN)
9     09  ^I  HORIZONTAL TAB (HT)**       25  19  ^Y  END OF MEDIUM (EM)
10    0A  ^J  LINE FEED (LF)**            26  1A  ^Z  SUBSTITUTE (SUB)
11    0B  ^K  VERTICAL TAB (VT)**         27  1B  ^[  ESCAPE (ESC)
12    0C  ^L  FF (FORM FEED)**            28  1C  ^\  FILE SEPARATOR (FS) RIGHT ARROW
13    0D  ^M  CR (CARRIAGE RETURN)**      29  1D  ^]  GROUP SEPARATOR (GS) LEFT ARROW
14    0E  ^N  SO (SHIFT OUT)              30  1E  ^^  RECORD SEPARATOR (RS) UP ARROW
15    0F  ^O  SI (SHIFT IN)               31  1F  ^_  UNIT SEPARATOR (US) DOWN ARROW

#1

399