HttpModule的认识

时间:2021-09-11 20:14:22

1、asp.net的HTTP请求处理过程

HttpModule的认识

说明: 
(1)、客户端浏览器向服务器发出一个http请求,此请求会被inetinfo.exe进程截获,然后转交给aspnet_isapi.dll进程,接着它又通过Http Pipeline的管道,传送给aspnet_wp.exe这个进程,接下来就到了.net framework的HttpRunTime处理中心,处理完毕后就发送给用户浏览器。 
(2)、当一个http请求被送入到HttpRuntime之后,这个Http请求会继续被送入到一个被称之为HttpApplication Factory的一个容器当中,而这个容器会给出一个HttpApplication实例来处理传递进来的http请求,而后这个Http请求会依次进入到如下几个容器中:HttpModule --> HttpHandler Factory --> HttpHandler。当系统内部的HttpHandler的ProcessRequest方法处理完毕之后,整个Http Request就被处理完成了,客户端也就得到相应的东东了。 
(3)完整的http请求在asp.net framework中的处理流程: 
HttpRequest-->inetinfo.exe->ASPNET_ISAPI.DLL-->Http Pipeline-->ASPNET_WP.EXE-->HttpRuntime-->HttpApplication Factory-->HttpApplication-->HttpModule-->HttpHandler Factory-->HttpHandler-->HttpHandler.ProcessRequest()

也就是说一个HTTP请求在HttpModule容器的传递过程中,会在某一时刻(ResolveRequestCache事件)将这个HTTP请求传递给HttpHandler容器。在这个事件之后,HttpModule容器会建立一个HttpHandler的入口实例,但是此时并没有将HTTP请求控制权交出,而是继续触发AcquireRequestState事件以及PreRequestHandlerExcute事件。在PreRequestHandlerExcute事件之后,HttpModule窗口就会将控制权暂时交给HttpHandler容器,以便进行真正的HTTP请求处理工作。

而在HttpHandler容器内部会执行ProcessRequest方法来处理HTTP请求。在容器HttpHandler处理完毕整个HTTP请求之后,会将控制权交还给HttpModule,HttpModule则会继续对处理完毕的HTTP请求信息流进行层层的转交动作,直到返回到客户端为止。 
PS:红色的HttpApplication实例在HttpModule的Init方法中会用到。

(4)如果想在中途截获一个httpRequest并做些自己的处理,就应该在HttpRuntime运行时内部来做到这一点,确切的说是在HttpModule这个容器中来实现。

2、HttpModule工作原理

负责监听HttpRequest,同时对HttpRequest增添或者过滤掉一部分内容。也就是说,当一个HTTP请求到达HttpModule时,整个ASP.NET Framework系统还并没有对这个HTTP请求做任何处理,也就是说此时对于HTTP请求来讲,HttpModule是一个HTTP请求的“必经之路”,所以可以在这个HTTP请求传递到真正的请求处理中心(HttpHandler)之前附加一些需要的信息在这个HTTP请求信息之上,或者针对截获的这个HTTP请求信息作一些额外的工作,或者在某些情况下干脆终止满足一些条件的HTTP请求,从而可以起到一个Filter过滤器的作用。 
HttpModule实现了接口IHttpModule,我们可以自定义实现该接口的类,从而取代HttpModule。 
asp.net默认的HttpModule如下:

        System.Web.SessionState.SessionStateModule;
        System.Web.Security.WindowsAuthenticationModule;
        System.Web.Security.FormsAuthenticationModule;
        System.Web.Security.PassportAuthenticationModule;
        System.Web.Security.UrlAuthorizationModule;
        System.Web.Security.FileAuthorizationModule;

3、编写自己的HttpModule

要实现HttpModule,必须实现接口IHttpModule。下面是IHttpModule接口分析:

using System;

namespace System.Web
{
    public interface IHttpModule
    {
        //   销毁不再被HttpModule使用的资源
        void Dispose();

        // 初始化一个Module,为捕获HttpRequest做准备
        void Init(HttpApplication context);
    }
}

下面是自己的HttpModule:

using System;
using System.Web;

namespace ClassLibrary1
{
    public class MyHttpModule : IHttpModule
    {
        public void Dispose() { }

        public void Init(HttpApplication context)
        {
            context.BeginRequest += new EventHandler(Application_BeginRequest);
            context.EndRequest += new EventHandler(Application_EndRequest);
        }

        public void Application_BeginRequest(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            HttpApplication application = sender as HttpApplication;
            HttpContext context = application.Context;
            HttpResponse response = context.Response;
            response.Write("这是来自自定义HttpModule中有BeginRequest");
        }

        public void Application_EndRequest(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            HttpApplication application = sender as HttpApplication;
            HttpContext context = application.Context;
            HttpResponse response = context.Response;
            response.Write("这是来自自定义HttpModule中有EndRequest");
        }

    }
}

web.config

    <httpModules>
      <add name="myHttpModule" type="ClassLibrary1.MyHttpModule,ClassLibrary1"/>
    </httpModules>

default.aspx.cs

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.UI;
using System.Web.UI.WebControls;

public partial class _Default : System.Web.UI.Page
{
    protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        Response.Write("<br/><br/>来自Default.aspx页面<br/>");
    }
}

HttpModule的认识

HttpModule的认识

4、HttpModule内部事件机制和生命周期

HttpModule对HttpApplication实例进行处理,而HttpApplication有很多事件(对应不同的生命期),这样就衍生出HttpModule内部事件机制和生命周期。 
(1)、HttpModule的事件

   
BeginRequest 指示请求处理开始
AuthenticateRequest 封装请求身份验证过程
AuthorizeRequest 封装检查是否能利用以前缓存的输出页面处理请求的过程
ResolveRequestCache 从缓存中得到相应时候触发
AcquireRequestState 加载初始化Session时候触发
PreRequestHandlerExecute 在Http请求进入HttpHandler之前触发
PostRequestHandlerExecute 在Http请求进入HttpHandler之后触发
ReleaseRequestState 存储Session状态时候触发
UpdateRequestCache 更新缓存信息时触发
EndRequest 在Http请求处理完成的时候触发
PreSendRequestHenaders 在向客户端发送Header之前触发
PreSendRequestConternt 在向客户端发送内容之前触发

说明: 
a、BenginRequest和EndRequest分别是HttpModule容器最开始的和最后的事件; 
b、EndRequest之后还会触发PreSendRequestHeaders事件和PreSendRequestContent事件,这不是在HttpModule外的两个事件,表示HttpModule结束,即将开始向Client发送数据。

(2)、验证HttpModule生命周期 
与HttpHandler的交互: 
HttpModule的认识

说明: 
a、HttpModule容器会将HttpRequest传递到HttpHandler容器,这个时间点是ResolveRequestCache事件 
b、HttpModule容器会建立HttpHandler实例作为入口——Session从此生效 
c、触发AcquireRequestState事件以及PreRequestHandlerExecute事件 
d、HttpModule容器便将对HttpRequest的控制权转让给HttpHandler容器 
e、HttpHandler容器处理HttpRequest——使用自身的ProcessRequest方法,将对其控制权又还给HttpModule容器——之后Session失效。 

验证生命周期代码:

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
using System.Web;

namespace MyHttpModule
{
    public class ValidaterHttpModuleEvents : IHttpModule
    {

        public void Dispose()
        { }

        /// <summary>
        /// 验证HttpModule事件机制
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="application"></param>
        public void Init(HttpApplication application)
        {
            application.BeginRequest += new EventHandler(application_BeginRequest);
            application.EndRequest += new EventHandler(application_EndRequest);
            application.AcquireRequestState += new EventHandler(application_AcquireRequestState);
            application.AuthenticateRequest += new EventHandler(application_AuthenticateRequest);
            application.AuthorizeRequest += new EventHandler(application_AuthorizeRequest);
            application.PreRequestHandlerExecute += new EventHandler(application_PreRequestHandlerExecute);
            application.PostRequestHandlerExecute += new EventHandler(application_PostRequestHandlerExecute);
            application.ReleaseRequestState += new EventHandler(application_ReleaseRequestState);
            application.ResolveRequestCache += new EventHandler(application_ResolveRequestCache);
            application.PreSendRequestHeaders += new EventHandler(application_PreSendRequestHeaders);
            application.PreSendRequestContent += new EventHandler(application_PreSendRequestContent);
        }

        private void application_BeginRequest(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            HttpApplication application = (HttpApplication)sender;
            application.Context.Response.Write("application_BeginRequest<br/>");
        }

        private void application_EndRequest(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            HttpApplication application = (HttpApplication)sender;
            application.Context.Response.Write("application_EndRequest<br/>");
        }

        private void application_PreRequestHandlerExecute(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            HttpApplication application = (HttpApplication)sender;
            application.Context.Response.Write("application_PreRequestHandlerExecute<br/>");
        }

        private void application_PostRequestHandlerExecute(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            HttpApplication application = (HttpApplication)sender;
            application.Context.Response.Write("application_PostRequestHandlerExecute<br/>");
        }

        private void application_ReleaseRequestState(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            HttpApplication application = (HttpApplication)sender;
            application.Context.Response.Write("application_ReleaseRequestState<br/>");
        }

        private void application_AcquireRequestState(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            HttpApplication application = (HttpApplication)sender;
            application.Context.Response.Write("application_AcquireRequestState<br/>");
        }

        private void application_PreSendRequestContent(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            HttpApplication application = (HttpApplication)sender;
            application.Context.Response.Write("application_PreSendRequestContent<br/>");
        }

        private void application_PreSendRequestHeaders(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            HttpApplication application = (HttpApplication)sender;
            application.Context.Response.Write("application_PreSendRequestHeaders<br/>");
        }

        private void application_ResolveRequestCache(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            HttpApplication application = (HttpApplication)sender;
            application.Context.Response.Write("application_ResolveRequestCache<br/>");
        }

        private void application_AuthorizeRequest(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            HttpApplication application = (HttpApplication)sender;
            application.Context.Response.Write("application_AuthorizeRequest<br/>");
        }

        private void application_AuthenticateRequest(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            HttpApplication application = (HttpApplication)sender;
            application.Context.Response.Write("application_AuthenticateRequest<br/>");
        }
    }
}
<add name="HttpModule1" type="MyHttpModule.HttpModule1,MyHttpModule"/>
<add name="HttpModule2" type="MyHttpModule.HttpModule2,MyHttpModule"/>

HttpModule1和HttpModule2模仿ValidaterHttpModuleEvents编写(除了类名改变外,事件和方法不变),不贴代码了。运行结果如下:

HttpModule的认识

从运行结果可以看到,在web.config文件中引入自定义HttpModule的顺序就决定了多个自定义HttpModule在处理一个HTTP请求的接管顺序。

(3)、利用HttpModule实现终止此次HttpRequest请求

在BeginRequest事件中,使用HttpApplication.CompleteRequest()方法可以实现当满足一定条件时终止此次HttpRequest请求

using System;
using System.Web;

namespace ClassLibrary1
{
    public class MyHttpModule : IHttpModule
    {
        public void Dispose() { }

        public void Init(HttpApplication context)
        {
            context.BeginRequest += new EventHandler(Application_BeginRequest);
        }

        public void Application_BeginRequest(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            HttpApplication application = sender as HttpApplication;
            application.CompleteRequest();
            application.Context.Response.Write("请求被终止");
        }
    }
}

HttpModule的认识

说明: 
a、对于一个HttpModule,在BeginRquest中终止,但是仍然会调用EndRequest事件,以及PreSendRequestHeaders事件和PreSendRequestContent事件。也可以说是直接跳转到EndRequest事件,而不会调用这期间的事件 
b、如果有两个HttpModule,在第一个HttpModule的BeginRequest中终止,仅仅不会调用第二个HttpModule的BeginRequest,但仍然会调用两个EndRequest事件,以及PreSendRequestHeaders事件和PreSendRequestContent事件。看下面的图示:

HttpModule的认识