Android开发中,当需要创建在后台运行的程序的时候,就要使用到Service。Service 可以分为有无限生命和有限生命两种。特别需要注意的是Service跟Activities是不同的(简单来说可以理解为后台与前台的区别),例如,如果需要使用Service的话,需要调用startService(),从而利用startService()去调用Service中的OnCreate()和onStart()方法来启动一个后台的Service。
启动一个Service的过程如下:context.startService() ->onCreate()- >onStart()->Service running其中onCreate()可以进行一些服务的初始化工作,onStart()则启动服务。
停止一个Service的过程如下:context.stopService() | ->onDestroy() ->Service stop
接下来的实例是一个利用后台服务播放音乐的小例子,点击start运行服务,点击stop停止服务。
ServicesDemo.java(是一个Activity)
- package com.android.myservice;
- import android.app.Activity;
- import android.content.Intent;
- import android.os.Bundle;
- import android.util.Log;
- import android.view.View;
- import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
- import android.widget.Button;
- public class ServiceDemo extends Activity implements OnClickListener {
- private static final String TAG = "ServiceDemo";
- Button buttonStart, buttonStop;
- @Override
- public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
- super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
- setContentView(R.layout.main);
- buttonStart = (Button) findViewById(R.id.buttonStart);
- buttonStop = (Button) findViewById(R.id.buttonStop);
- buttonStart.setOnClickListener(this);
- buttonStop.setOnClickListener(this);
- }
- public void onClick(View src) {
- switch (src.getId()) {
- case R.id.buttonStart:
- Log.i(TAG, "onClick: starting service");
- startService(new Intent(this, MyService.class));
- break;
- case R.id.buttonStop:
- Log.i(TAG, "onClick: stopping service");
- stopService(new Intent(this, MyService.class));
- break;
- }
- }
- }
除此之外还要在Manifest里面声明服务:(AndroidManifest.xml)
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
- <manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
- package="com.android.myservice">
- <application android:label="@string/app_name">
- <activity android:name=".ServiceDemo" android:label="@string/app_name">
- <intent-filter>
- <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN"/>
- <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER"/>
- </intent-filter>
- </activity>
- <service android:enabled="true" android:name=".MyService"/>
- </application>
- </manifest>
定义Service(MyService.java)
- package com.android.myservice;
- import android.app.Service;
- import android.content.Intent;
- import android.media.MediaPlayer;
- import android.os.IBinder;
- import android.util.Log;
- import android.widget.Toast;
- public class MyService extends Service {
- private static final String TAG = "MyService";
- MediaPlayer player;
- @Override
- public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
- return null;
- }
- @Override
- public void onCreate() {
- Toast.makeText(this, "My Service created", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
- Log.i(TAG, "onCreate");
- player = MediaPlayer.create(this, R.raw.braincandy);
- player.setLooping(false);
- }
- @Override
- public void onDestroy() {
- Toast.makeText(this, "My Service Stoped", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
- Log.i(TAG, "onDestroy");
- player.stop();
- }
- @Override
- public void onStart(Intent intent, int startid) {
- Toast.makeText(this, "My Service Start", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
- Log.i(TAG, "onStart");
- player.start();
- }
- }
layout文件夹中是main.xml
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
- <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
- android:orientation="vertical"
- android:layout_width="fill_parent"
- android:layout_height="fill_parent"
- android:gravity="center">
- <TextView
- android:layout_width="fill_parent"
- android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="@string/services_demo" android:gravity="center" android:textSize="20sp" android:padding="20dp"/>
- <Button android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:id="@+id/buttonStart" android:text="@string/start"></Button>
- <Button android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="@string/stop" android:id="@+id/buttonStop"></Button>
- </LinearLayout>
values 文件夹中是strings.xml
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
- <resources>
- <string name="start">Start</string>
- <string name="stop">Stop</string>
- <string name="services_demo">Service Demo</string>
- </resources>