1、Objc在使用alloc new copy 时为内存分配内存,然后返回分配的内存首地址存入指针变量,使用dealloc释放内存
2、[[Fraction alloc] init] [Fraction new]是相同的
3、
main(){
A *a = [A new];
B *b = [B new];
c *c = [C new];
[b m:a];
[c m:a];
}
上述代码把a传递给了b 、c两个实例,而a实例本身又是在main函数中,因此一共有main函数、b 、c三个地方引用了a实例
引出个问题,在alloc一个对象之后,什么时候dealloc它那?回收早了,可能导致有些还在引用的地方会报错,不回收自然会导致内存泄漏
Objec解决办法是采用一个引用计数retainCount来表示还有多少地方在引用这个对象,一个对象在被alloc之后,retainCount就是1,之后每调用一次retain方法都会是retainCount加1,调用release都会使retainCount减1,当一个对象的引用计数为0时,系统就会调用dealloc回收内存
例1:
int main(){
Fraction *frac = [[Fraction alloc] initWithNumerator:3 denominator:5];
NSLog(@"%d",[frac retainCount]); //retainCount=1
[frac retain];
NSLog(@"%d",[frac retainCount]); //retainCount=2
[frac retain];
NSLog(@"%d",[frac retainCount]); //retainCount=3
[frac release];
NSLog(@"%d",[frac retainCount]); //retainCount=2
[frac release];
NSLog(@"%d",[frac retainCount]); //retainCount=1
[frac release];//retainCount=0
//[frac print];//这时候调用,会引起程序崩溃,因为frac指向的内存被系统回收了
frac = nil;//这样就不会报错了,当然它也不会打印出东西来
[frac print];
}
例2:
//======================================================
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
@interface Address:NSObject{
NSString *city;
NSString *street;
}
-(void) setCity:(NSString*) c;
-(void) setStreet:(NSString*) s;
-(void) setCity:(NSString*) c andStreet:(NSString*) s;
-(NSString*) city;
-(NSString*) street;
@end
//======================================================
#import "Address.h"
@implementation Address
-(void) setCity:(NSString*) c{
[c retain];
[city release];
city = c;
}
-(void) setStreet:(NSString*) s{
[s retain];
[street release];
street = s;
}
-(void) setCity:(NSString*) c andStreet:(NSString*) s{
[self setCity:c];
[self setStreet:s];
}
-(NSString*) city{
return city;
}
-(NSString*) street{
return street;
}
-(void)dealloc{
[city release];
[street release];
[super dealloc];
}
@end
//main======================================================1、在main函数中,创建了city street两个实例,分配了内存,势必要release它们
NSString *city = [[NSString alloc] initWithString:@"Beijing"];
NSString *street = [[NSString alloc] initWithCString:"Jinsongzhongjie"];
Address *address = [[Address alloc] init];
[address setCity:city andStreet:street];
[city release];
[street release];
[address release];
2、当release完之后city street的retainCount变成0,这就会导致传到address类里的city、street指针指向的对象被清理掉,而使address出错
3、很显然,你需要在address的setter方法里retain一下,使city street的引用计数为2,这样main函数release后,city street 指向的内存也不会被dealloc掉
-(void) setCity:(NSString*) c{1、第2行,首先retain一下,使引用计数器+1,(拿到对象的所有权)
[c retain];
[city release];
city = c;
}
2、第3行,防止city可能已经指向了一个对象,如果不先对city进行一次release,而直接把city指向c指向的对象,那么city原来指向的对象可能会出现内存泄漏
3、
-(void)dealloc{1、因为你在settter中持有了city street指向对象的所有权,那么你势必要和main函数一样,release你的所有权
[city release];
[street release];
[super dealloc];
}
NSAutoreleasePool
NSAutoreleasePool *pool = [[NSAutoreleasePool alloc] init];
Fraction *frac = [[Fraction alloc] initWithNumerator:3 denominator:5];
NSLog(@"frac的引用计数 %d",[frac retainCount]); //1
[frac retain];
NSLog(@"frac的引用计数 %d",[frac retainCount]); //2
[frac autorelease];
NSLog(@"frac的引用计数 %d",[frac retainCount]); //2
[frac autorelease];
NSLog(@"frac的引用计数 %d",[frac retainCount]); //2
[pool release];autorelease方法并不对引用计数减1,而是将对象压入离他最近的NSAutoreleasePool栈顶,等到NSAutoreleasePool的release方法被调用后,
pool会把对象release掉