Spring中Ioc容器的注入方式

时间：2023-02-10 19:42:15

1 通过setter方法注入

bean类：

package com.test;   

public class UserServiceImplement implements IUserService   

{

    private IUserDao user;   

    public IUserDao getUser() {

        return user;

    }   

    public void setUser(IUserDao user) {

        this.user = user;

    }   

    public void saveUser() {

        user.addUser();

    }

}

Xml代码：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"

    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"

    xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"

    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"

    xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"

    xsi:schemaLocation="

  http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd

  http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd

  http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd

  http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd

  http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc  http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.0.xsd">

    <bean id="userdao" class="com.test.UserDaoImplement"/>

    <bean id="userservice" class="com.test.UserServiceImplement">

        <property name="user" ref="userdao" />

    </bean>

</beans>

注：setter方式注入，对应的注入依靠属性，必须要有setter方法。

2 通过构造方法注入

bean类：

package com.test;   

public class UserServiceImplement implements IUserService {

    private IUserDao user;

    int age;   

    public UserServiceImplement(IUserDao user, int age) {

        this.user = user;

        this.age = age;

    }   

    public void saveUser() {

        user.addUser();

        System.out.println(this.age);

    }

}

xml代码：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"

    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"

    xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"

    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"

    xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"

    xsi:schemaLocation="

  http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd

  http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd

  http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd

  http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd

  http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc  http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.0.xsd">

    <bean id="userdao" class="com.test.UserDaoImplement" />

    <bean id="userservice" class="com.test.UserServiceImplement">

        <constructor-arg index="0" type="com.test.IUserDao" ref="userdao"></constructor-arg>

        <constructor-arg index="1" value="24"></constructor-arg>

    </bean>

</beans>

注：

    • 对于<construcotr-arg>标签中的index属性，假如构造方法只有一个参数的时候可以不指定；它的下标从0开始，表示构造方法参数的索引；假如构造方法有多个参数必须指定索引。除此之外还有一个type属性，type是一个可选属性，这个属性用来指定被注入的参数的参数类型，一定要跟构造方法中的参数类型一致，假如是一个接口，那么也不应传它的实现类。
    • 假如构造函数的的参数类型是基本数据类型，那么就不用ref属性了，而用value属性设置它的值，而且这些数据类型会自动打包和解包；
    • 要注意bean的作用域问题。
    • 被注入的bean类，一定要有构造方法。

    3 通过注解进行注入

    1. @Resource
    2. @Autowired

    二者区别：

      • @Resource标注是由JDK提供的，而@Autowired标注是由Spring提供的，因而@Autowired标注会与Spring紧密耦合，所以推荐使用@Resource标注
      • @Resource默认是按照名称来装配注入的，当找不到与名称匹配的bean才会按照类型来装配注入
      • @Autowired默认是按照类型装配注入的，假如想按照名称来转配注入，则需要结合@Qualifier一起使用
      • @Resource和@Autowired都可以用来标注字段或者setter方法

    @Resource注入方式代码：

    package com.test;   

import javax.annotation.Resource;   

public class UserServiceImplement implements IUserService {   

    @Resource
    
    private IUserDao user;   

    private IUserDao user1;   

    public IUserDao getUser1() {
    
        return user1;
    
    }   

    @Resource
    
    public void setUser1(IUserDao user1) {
    
        this.user1 = user1;
    
    }   

    public void saveUser() {
    
        user.addUser();
    
        System.out.println("user注入成功");
    
        user1.addUser();
    
        System.out.println("user1注入成功");
    
    }
    
}

    xml文件：

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    
    xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
    
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    
    xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
    
    xsi:schemaLocation="
    
  http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
    
  http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd
    
  http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd
    
  http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
    
  http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc  http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.0.xsd">
    
    <context:annotation-config />
    
    <bean id="user" class="com.test.UserDaoImplement"/>
    
    <bean id="user1" class="com.test.UserDaoImplement"/>
    
    <bean id="userservice" class="com.test.UserServiceImplement"/>
    
</beans>

    @Autowired注入方式代码：

    package com.test;   

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;   

public class UserServiceImplement implements IUserService {   

    @Autowired
    
    private IUserDao user;   

    public IUserDao getUser() {
    
        return user;
    
    }   

    public void setUser(IUserDao user) {
    
        this.user = user;
    
    }   

    public void saveUser() {
    
        user.addUser();
    
        System.out.println("user注入成功");
    
    }
    
}

    xml文件：

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    
    xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
    
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    
    xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
    
    xsi:schemaLocation="
    
  http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
    
  http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd
    
  http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd
    
  http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
    
  http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc  http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.0.xsd">
    
    <context:annotation-config />
    
    <bean id="user" class="com.test.UserDaoImplement"/>
    
    <bean id="userservice" class="com.test.UserServiceImplement"/>
    
</beans>

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