Java中继承与初始化

时间:2021-05-09 19:41:58

一.继承与初始化

通过《Thinking in Java》Chapter Seven中的一个例子,我们浅谈一下Java中继承与初始化的一个过程。

//: ChapterSeven/Beetle.java
// The full process of initialization.
package ChapterSeven;
import static net.mindview.util.Print.*;

class Insect {
private int i = 9;
protected int j;
Insect() {
print("i = " + i + ", j = " + j);
j = 39;
}

private static int x1 = printInit("static Insect.x1 initialized");
private static boolean b1 = printTrue();
private static String string = printString();

static String printString(){
System.out.println("This is printString");
return "The printString";
}
static boolean printTrue(){
System.out.println("This is static printTrue");
return true;
}

static int printInit(String s) {
print(s);
return 47;
}
}

public class Beetle extends Insect {
private int k = printInit("Beetle.k initialized");

public Beetle() {
print("k = " + k);
print("j = " + j);
}

private static int x2 = printInit("static Beetle.x2 initialized");

public static void main(String[] args) {
print("Beetle constructor");
Beetle b = new Beetle();
}
}

1.代码中有两个类,一个是Insect,一个是Beetle.后者为子类,前者为父类。我们研究一下初始化的过程。

2.程序进入Beetle类中的static main()方法。发现Beetle类继承自Insect,将程序调转至Insect

3.在Insect中,将static修饰的成员变量初始化,在本例中,即是x1,b1,string三个变量,相应的调用具体的方法实现这个初始化过程。

4.如若Insect类继承自其它类,则按照Step2,3继续对成员进行初始化。

5.所有的静态成员变量初始化之后。程序回到main()方法中,开始创建对象。在本例中,即是执行

<span style="white-space:pre"></span>print("Beetle constructor");

6.然后执行Beetle b = new Beetle();发现基类的构造器没有调用,先去调用基类构造器。在本例中是自动被调用,我们也可以用super来显示调用。
7.最后我们即按照程序书写部分进行输出即可。


程序的最终执行结果如下:
<img src="http://img.blog.csdn.net/20160808103948194?watermark/2/text/aHR0cDovL2Jsb2cuY3Nkbi5uZXQv/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70/gravity/Center" alt="" />
二.简单泛型中的继承探讨
1.下面是一个元组,能够持有两个对象。

<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">//: net/mindview/util/TwoTuple.java</span>
package net.mindview.util;public class TwoTuple<A,B> {  public final A first;  public final B second;  public TwoTuple(A a, B b) { first = a; second = b; }  public String toString() {    return "(" + first + ", " + second + ")";  }} ///:~
</pre><pre name="code" class="java">2.下面是一个是三元组,能够持有三个对象
//: net/mindview/util/ThreeTuple.javapackage net.mindview.util;public class ThreeTuple<A,B,C> extends TwoTuple<A,B> {  public final C third;  public ThreeTuple(A a, B b, C c) {    super(a, b);    third = c;  }  public String toString() {    return "(" + first + ", " + second + ", " + third +")";  }    public static void main(String [] args){<span style="white-space:pre"></span>  ThreeTuple tt = new ThreeTuple<String,Integer,Boolean>("My name is liushen and I'm ", 20, true);<span style="white-space:pre"></span>  System.out.println(tt);  }} 
3.程序的执行结果如下:
<img src="http://img.blog.csdn.net/20160808105136318?watermark/2/text/aHR0cDovL2Jsb2cuY3Nkbi5uZXQv/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70/gravity/Center" alt="" />
4.这里我主要讲讲为什么这个三元组要继承自这个二元组。
<span style="white-space:pre"></span>在ThreeTuple<A,B,C>中,假若不继承TwoTuple<A,B>。那么其中的代码
<pre name="code" class="java"> public ThreeTuple(A a, B b, C c) {    super(a, b);    third = c;  }
就要被改写成如下代码:
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"></span>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">  public final A first;</span>
 public final B second;
<pre name="code" class="java"> public ThreeTuple(A a, B b, C c) {
      first = a;
      second = b;    third = c;  }
也就是意味着,这些东西都需要被重新编写,从而带来很大的不便性。而这也就是我们使用继承的直接原因。