IOS开发之KVC与KVO简述

KVC:Key-Value Coding

KVO:Key-Value Observing

Person.m

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>

@interface Person : NSObject{
    //该访问修饰符用于说明即使私有成员变量也可以通过kvc方式访问和赋值
    @private
    NSString *_name;
    NSArray *_dogs;
}
@end

@implementation Person
@end

Dog.m

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>

@class Person;

@interface Dog : NSObject
{
    @private
    NSInteger _age;
    Person *_owner;
}
@end

@implementation Dog
@end

PersonObserve.m

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
#import "Person.h"

@interface PersonObserve : NSObject
@end

@implementation PersonObserve
- (void)observeValueForKeyPath:(NSString *)keyPath ofObject:(id)object change:(NSDictionary *)change context:(void *)context{
    Person *p = (Person *)object;
    //使用kvc方式获取成员变量keypath的值
    NSLog(@"%@",[p valueForKey:keyPath]);
}
@end

main.m

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
#import "Person.h"
#import "PersonObserve.h"
#import "Dog.h"

int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {
    //观察者类
    PersonObserve *po = [[PersonObserve alloc] init];
    Person *p = [[Person alloc] init];
    //使用kvo方式对成员变量“name”的属性值变化增加观察者po
    //po将在该属性值发生变化时执行- (void)observeValueForKeyPath:(NSString *)keyPath ofObject:(id)object change:(NSDictionary *)change context:(void *)context方法
    [p addObserver:po forKeyPath:@"name" options:NSKeyValueObservingOptionNew context:nil];

    //通过kvc方式设置成员变量“name”的属性值
    //触发观察者执行对应方法
    [p setValue:@"zhangsan" forKey:@"name"];

    //kvc中forKeyPath的用法
    Dog *d = [[Dog alloc] init];
    [d setValue:p forKey:@"owner"];
    [d setValue:@"lisi" forKeyPath:@"owner.name"];

    //移除对私有成员变量“name”的观察
    [p removeObserver:po forKeyPath:@"name"];

    Dog *d1 = [[Dog alloc] init];
    [d1 setValue:@ forKey:@"age"];
    Dog *d2 = [[Dog alloc] init];
    [d2 setValue:@ forKey:@"age"];

    NSArray *array = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:d1,d2, nil];
    [p setValue:array forKey:@"dogs"];

    //kvc中valueForKeyPath数组内置表达式的用法
    NSLog(@"dogs.age = %@",[p valueForKeyPath:@"dogs.age"]);
    NSLog(@"dogs.age.sum = %@",[p valueForKeyPath:@"[e-mail]"]);//dogs数组中age的总和
    NSLog(@"dogs.age.avg = %@",[p valueForKeyPath:@"[e-mail]"]);//dogs数组中age的平均值
    NSLog(@"dogs.age.max = %@",[p valueForKeyPath:@"[e-mail]"]);//dogs数组中age的最大值
    NSLog(@"dogs.age.min = %@",[p valueForKeyPath:@"[e-mail]"]);//dogs数组中age的最小值

    return ;
}

结果：

-- ::34.611 KVC&KOC[:] zhangsan
-- ::34.612 KVC&KOC[:] lisi
-- ::34.613 KVC&KOC[:] dogs.age = (
    ,

)
-- ::34.613 KVC&KOC[:] dogs.age.sum =
-- ::34.613 KVC&KOC[:] dogs.age.avg =
-- ::34.613 KVC&KOC[:] dogs.age.max =
-- ::34.613 KVC&KOC[:] dogs.age.min =
Program ended with exit code: