转载文章,原博客地址为:http://blog.csdn.net/u010887744/article/details/50637030
jdk1.8和jdk1.7对于ConcurrentHashMap的实现出现的重大变化,不再采用分段锁的方法,网上这方面的博客较少,这篇文章写得较好,转载扩撒。
本文首写于有道云笔记,并在小组分享会分享,先整理发布,希望和大家交流探讨。云笔记地址
- CAS算法;unsafe.compareAndSwapInt(this, valueOffset, expect, update); CAS(Compare And Swap),意思是如果valueOffset位置包含的值与expect值相同,则更新valueOffset位置的值为update,并返回true,否则不更新,返回false。
- 与Java8的HashMap有相通之处,底层依然由“数组”+链表+红黑树;
- 底层结构存放的是TreeBin对象,而不是TreeNode对象;
- CAS作为知名无锁算法,那ConcurrentHashMap就没用锁了么?当然不是,hash值相同的链表的头结点还是会synchronized上锁。
private static final int MAXIMUM_CAPACITY = 1 << 30; // 2的30次方=1073741824
private static final intDEFAULT_CAPACITY = 16;
static final int MAX_ARRAY_SIZE = Integer.MAX_VALUE - 8; // MAX_VALUE=2^31-1=2147483647
private static finalint DEFAULT_CONCURRENCY_LEVEL = 16;
private static final float LOAD_FACTOR = 0.75f;
static final int TREEIFY_THRESHOLD = 8; // 链表转树阀值,大于8时
static final int UNTREEIFY_THRESHOLD = 6; //树转链表阀值,小于等于6(tranfer时,lc、hc=0两个计数器分别++记录原bin、新binTreeNode数量,<=UNTREEIFY_THRESHOLD 则untreeify(lo))。【仅在扩容tranfer时才可能树转链表】
static final int MIN_TREEIFY_CAPACITY = 64;
private static final int MIN_TRANSFER_STRIDE = 16;
private static int RESIZE_STAMP_BITS = 16;
private static final int MAX_RESIZERS = (1 << (32 - RESIZE_STAMP_BITS)) - 1; // 2^15-1,help resize的最大线程数
private static final int RESIZE_STAMP_SHIFT = 32 - RESIZE_STAMP_BITS; // 32-16=16,sizeCtl中记录size大小的偏移量
static final int MOVED = -1; // hash for forwarding nodes(forwarding nodes的hash值)、标示位
static final int TREEBIN = -2; // hash for roots of trees(树根节点的hash值)
static final int RESERVED = -3; // hash for transient reservations(ReservationNode的hash值)
static final int HASH_BITS = 0x7fffffff; // usable bits of normal node hash
static final int NCPU = Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors(); // 可用处理器数量
/**
* Table initialization and resizing control. When negative, the
* table is being initialized or resized: -1 for initialization,
* else -(1 + the number of active resizing threads). Otherwise,
* when table is null, holds the initial table size to use upon
* creation, or 0 for default. After initialization, holds the
* next element count value upon which to resize the table.
*/
private transient volatile int sizeCtl;
sizeCtl是控制标识符,不同的值表示不同的意义。
- 负数代表正在进行初始化或扩容操作
- -1代表正在初始化
- -N 表示有N-1个线程正在进行扩容操作
- 正数或0代表hash表还没有被初始化,这个数值表示初始化或下一次进行扩容的大小,类似于扩容阈值。它的值始终是当前ConcurrentHashMap容量的0.75倍,这与loadfactor是对应的。实际容量>=sizeCtl,则扩容。
- public ConcurrentHashMap(int initialCapacity,
- float loadFactor, int concurrencyLevel) {
- if (!(loadFactor > 0.0f) || initialCapacity < 0 || concurrencyLevel <= 0)
- thrownew IllegalArgumentException();
- if (initialCapacity < concurrencyLevel) // Use at least as many bins
- initialCapacity = concurrencyLevel; // as estimated threads
- long size = (long)(1.0 + (long)initialCapacity / loadFactor);
- int cap = (size >= (long)MAXIMUM_CAPACITY) ?
- MAXIMUM_CAPACITY : tableSizeFor((int)size);
- this.sizeCtl = cap;
- }
- static class Node<K,V> implements Map.Entry<K,V> {
- final int hash;
- final K key;
- volatile V val; // Java8增加volatile,保证可见性
- volatile Node<K,V> next;
- Node(inthash, K key, V val, Node<K,V> next) {
- this.hash = hash;
- this.key = key;
- this.val = val;
- this.next = next;
- }
- public final K getKey() { return key; }
- public final V getValue() { return val; }
- // HashMap调用Objects.hashCode(),最终也是调用Object.hashCode();效果一样
- public final int hashCode() { returnkey.hashCode() ^ val.hashCode(); }
- public final String toString(){ returnkey + "=" + val; }
- public final V setValue(V value) { // 不允许修改value值,HashMap允许
- throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
- }
- // HashMap使用if (o == this),且嵌套if;concurrent使用&&
- public final boolean equals(Object o) {
- Object k, v, u; Map.Entry<?,?> e;
- return ((oinstanceof Map.Entry) &&
- (k = (e = (Map.Entry<?,?>)o).getKey()) != null &&
- (v = e.getValue()) != null &&
- (k == key || k.equals(key)) &&
- (v == (u = val) || v.equals(u)));
- }
- /**
- * Virtualized support for map.get(); overridden in subclasses.
- */
- Node<K,V> find(inth, Object k) { // 增加find方法辅助get方法
- Node<K,V> e = this;
- if (k != null) {
- do {
- K ek;
- if (e.hash == h &&
- ((ek = e.key) == k || (ek != null && k.equals(ek))))
- returne;
- } while ((e = e.next) != null);
- }
- returnnull;
- }
- }
- // Nodes for use in TreeBins,链表>8,才可能转为TreeNode.
- // HashMap的TreeNode继承至LinkedHashMap.Entry;而这里继承至自己实现的Node,将带有next指针,便于treebin访问。
- static final class TreeNode<K,V> extends Node<K,V> {
- TreeNode<K,V> parent; // red-black tree links
- TreeNode<K,V> left;
- TreeNode<K,V> right;
- TreeNode<K,V> prev; // needed to unlink next upon deletion
- boolean red;
- TreeNode(inthash, K key, V val, Node<K,V> next,
- TreeNode<K,V> parent) {
- super(hash, key, val, next);
- this.parent = parent;
- }
- Node<K,V> find(inth, Object k) {
- return findTreeNode(h, k, null);
- }
- /**
- * Returns the TreeNode (or null if not found) for the given key
- * starting at given root.
- */ // 查找hash为h,key为k的节点
- final TreeNode<K,V> findTreeNode(int h, Object k, Class<?> kc) {
- if (k != null) { // 比HMap增加判空
- TreeNode<K,V> p = this;
- do {
- intph, dir; K pk; TreeNode<K,V> q;
- TreeNode<K,V> pl = p.left, pr = p.right;
- if ((ph = p.hash) > h)
- p = pl;
- elseif (ph < h)
- p = pr;
- elseif ((pk = p.key) == k || (pk != null && k.equals(pk)))
- returnp;
- elseif (pl == null)
- p = pr;
- elseif (pr == null)
- p = pl;
- elseif ((kc != null ||
- (kc = comparableClassFor(k)) != null) &&
- (dir = compareComparables(kc, k, pk)) != 0)
- p = (dir < 0) ? pl : pr;
- elseif ((q = pr.findTreeNode(h, k, kc)) != null)
- returnq;
- else
- p = pl;
- } while (p != null);
- }
- return null;
- }
- }
- // 和HashMap相比,这里的TreeNode相当简洁;ConcurrentHashMap链表转树时,并不会直接转,正如注释(Nodes for use in TreeBins)所说,只是把这些节点包装成TreeNode放到TreeBin中,再由TreeBin来转化红黑树。
1.3 TreeBin
- // TreeBin用于封装维护TreeNode,包含putTreeVal、lookRoot、UNlookRoot、remove、balanceInsetion、balanceDeletion等方法,这里只分析其构造函数。
- // 当链表转树时,用于封装TreeNode,也就是说,ConcurrentHashMap的红黑树存放的时TreeBin,而不是treeNode。
- TreeBin(TreeNode<K,V> b) {
- super(TREEBIN, null, null, null);//hash值为常量TREEBIN=-2,表示roots of trees
- this.first = b;
- TreeNode<K,V> r = null;
- for (TreeNode<K,V> x = b, next; x != null; x = next) {
- next = (TreeNode<K,V>)x.next;
- x.left = x.right = null;
- if (r == null) {
- x.parent = null;
- x.red = false;
- r = x;
- }
- else {
- K k = x.key;
- inth = x.hash;
- Class<?> kc = null;
- for (TreeNode<K,V> p = r;;) {
- intdir, ph;
- K pk = p.key;
- if ((ph = p.hash) > h)
- dir = -1;
- elseif (ph < h)
- dir = 1;
- elseif ((kc == null &&
- (kc = comparableClassFor(k)) == null) ||
- (dir = compareComparables(kc, k, pk)) == 0)
- dir = tieBreakOrder(k, pk);
- TreeNode<K,V> xp = p;
- if ((p = (dir <= 0) ? p.left : p.right) == null) {
- x.parent = xp;
- if (dir <= 0)
- xp.left = x;
- else
- xp.right = x;
- r = balanceInsertion(r, x);
- break;
- }
- }
- }
- }
- this.root = r;
- assert checkInvariants(root);
- }
- /**
- * Replaces all linked nodes in bin at given index unless table is
- * too small, in which case resizes instead.链表转树
- */
- private final void treeifyBin(Node<K,V>[] tab, int index) {
- Node<K,V> b; intn, sc;
- if (tab != null) {
- if ((n = tab.length) < MIN_TREEIFY_CAPACITY)
- tryPresize(n << 1); // 容量<64,则table两倍扩容,不转树了
- else if ((b = tabAt(tab, index)) != null && b.hash >= 0) {
- synchronized (b) { // 读写锁
- if (tabAt(tab, index) == b) {
- TreeNode<K,V> hd = null, tl = null;
- for (Node<K,V> e = b; e != null; e = e.next) {
- TreeNode<K,V> p =
- new TreeNode<K,V>(e.hash, e.key, e.val,
- null, null);
- if ((p.prev = tl) == null)
- hd = p;
- else
- tl.next = p;
- tl = p;
- }
- setTabAt(tab, index, new TreeBin<K,V>(hd));
- }
- }
- }
- }
- }
- // A node inserted at head of bins during transfer operations.连接两个table
- // 并不是我们传统的包含key-value的节点,只是一个标志节点,并且指向nextTable,提供find方法而已。生命周期:仅存活于扩容操作且bin不为null时,一定会出现在每个bin的首位。
- static final class ForwardingNode<K,V> extends Node<K,V> {
- final Node<K,V>[] nextTable;
- ForwardingNode(Node<K,V>[] tab) {
- super(MOVED, null, null, null); // 此节点hash=-1,key、value、next均为null
- this.nextTable = tab;
- }
- Node<K,V> find(int h, Object k) {
- // 查nextTable节点,outer避免深度递归
- outer: for (Node<K,V>[] tab = nextTable;;) {
- Node<K,V> e; intn;
- if (k == null || tab == null || (n = tab.length) == 0 ||
- (e = tabAt(tab, (n - 1) & h)) == null)
- returnnull;
- for (;;) { // CAS算法多和死循环搭配!直到查到或null
- int eh; K ek;
- if ((eh = e.hash) == h &&
- ((ek = e.key) == k || (ek != null && k.equals(ek))))
- returne;
- if (eh < 0) {
- if (e instanceof ForwardingNode) {
- tab = ((ForwardingNode<K,V>)e).nextTable;
- continue outer;
- }
- else
- return e.find(h, k);
- }
- if ((e = e.next) == null)
- return null;
- }
- }
- }
- }
1.6 3个原子操作(调用频率很高)
- @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") // ASHIFT等均为private static final
- static final <K,V> Node<K,V> tabAt(Node<K,V>[] tab, int i) { // 获取索引i处Node
- return (Node<K,V>)U.getObjectVolatile(tab, ((long)i << ASHIFT) + ABASE);
- }
- // 利用CAS算法设置i位置上的Node节点(将c和table[i]比较,相同则插入v)。
- static final <K,V> boolean casTabAt(Node<K,V>[] tab, int i,
- Node<K,V> c, Node<K,V> v) {
- return U.compareAndSwapObject(tab, ((long)i << ASHIFT) + ABASE, c, v);
- }
- // 设置节点位置的值,仅在上锁区被调用
- static final <K,V> void setTabAt(Node<K,V>[] tab, int i, Node<K,V> v) {
- U.putObjectVolatile(tab, ((long)i << ASHIFT) + ABASE, v);
- }
1.7 Unsafe
- //在源码的6277行到最后,有着ConcurrentHashMap中极为重要的几个属性(SIZECTL),unsafe静态块控制其修改行为。Java8中,大量运用CAS进行变量、属性的无锁修改,大大提高性能。
- // Unsafe mechanics
- private static final sun.misc.Unsafe U;
- private static final long SIZECTL;
- private static final long TRANSFERINDEX;
- private static final long BASECOUNT;
- private static final long CELLSBUSY;
- private static final long CELLVALUE;
- private static final long ABASE;
- private static final int ASHIFT;
- static {
- try {
- U = sun.misc.Unsafe.getUnsafe();
- Class<?> k = ConcurrentHashMap.class;
- SIZECTL = U.objectFieldOffset (k.getDeclaredField("sizeCtl"));
- TRANSFERINDEX=U.objectFieldOffset(k.getDeclaredField("transferIndex"));
- BASECOUNT = U.objectFieldOffset (k.getDeclaredField("baseCount"));
- CELLSBUSY = U.objectFieldOffset (k.getDeclaredField("cellsBusy"));
- Class<?> ck = CounterCell.class;
- CELLVALUE = U.objectFieldOffset (ck.getDeclaredField("value"));
- Class<?> ak = Node[].class;
- ABASE = U.arrayBaseOffset(ak);
- intscale = U.arrayIndexScale(ak);
- if ((scale & (scale - 1)) != 0)
- thrownew Error("data type scale not a power of two");
- ASHIFT = 31 - Integer.numberOfLeadingZeros(scale);
- } catch (Exception e) {
- thrownew Error(e);
- }
- }
- private final void tryPresize(int size) {
- // 给定的容量若>=MAXIMUM_CAPACITY的一半,直接扩容到允许的最大值,否则调用函数扩容
- int c = (size >= (MAXIMUM_CAPACITY >>> 1)) ? MAXIMUM_CAPACITY :
- tableSizeFor(size + (size >>> 1) + 1);
- int sc;
- while ((sc = sizeCtl) >= 0) { //没有正在初始化或扩容,或者说表还没有被初始化
- Node<K,V>[] tab = table; int n;
- if(tab == null || (n = tab.length) == 0) {
- n = (sc > c) ? sc : c; // 扩容阀值取较大者
- // 期间没有其他线程对表操作,则CAS将SIZECTL状态置为-1,表示正在进行初始化
- if (U.compareAndSwapInt(this, SIZECTL, sc, -1)) {
- try {
- if (table == tab) {
- @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
- Node<K,V>[] nt = (Node<K,V>[])new Node<?,?>[n];
- table = nt;
- sc = n - (n >>> 2); //无符号右移2位,此即0.75*n
- }
- } finally {
- sizeCtl = sc; // 更新扩容阀值
- }
- }
- }// 若欲扩容值不大于原阀值,或现有容量>=最值,什么都不用做了
- else if (c <= sc || n >= MAXIMUM_CAPACITY)
- break;
- else if (tab == table) { // table不为空,且在此期间其他线程未修改table
- int rs = resizeStamp(n);
- if (sc < 0) {
- Node<K,V>[] nt;//RESIZE_STAMP_SHIFT=16,MAX_RESIZERS=2^15-1
- if ((sc >>> RESIZE_STAMP_SHIFT) != rs || sc == rs + 1 ||
- sc == rs + MAX_RESIZERS || (nt = nextTable) == null ||
- transferIndex <= 0)
- break;
- if (U.compareAndSwapInt(this, SIZECTL, sc, sc + 1))
- transfer(tab, nt);
- }
- else if (U.compareAndSwapInt(this, SIZECTL, sc,
- (rs << RESIZE_STAMP_SHIFT) + 2))
- transfer(tab, null);
- }
- }
- }
- private static final int tableSizeFor(int c){//和HashMap一样,返回>=n的最小2的自然数幂
- int n = c - 1;
- n |= n >>> 1;
- n |= n >>> 2;
- n |= n >>> 4;
- n |= n >>> 8;
- n |= n >>> 16;
- return (n < 0) ? 1 : (n >= MAXIMUM_CAPACITY) ? MAXIMUM_CAPACITY : n + 1;
- }
- /**
- * Returns the stamp bits for resizing a table of size n.
- * Must be negative when shifted left by RESIZE_STAMP_SHIFT.
- */
- static final int resizeStamp(int n) { // 返回一个标志位
- return Integer.numberOfLeadingZeros(n) | (1 << (RESIZE_STAMP_BITS - 1));
- }// numberOfLeadingZeros返回n对应32位二进制数左侧0的个数,如9(1001)返回28
- // RESIZE_STAMP_BITS=16,(左侧0的个数)|(2^15)
- 为每个内核均分任务,并保证其不小于16;
- 若nextTab为null,则初始化其为原table的2倍;
- 死循环遍历,直到finishing。
- 节点为空,则插入ForwardingNode;
- 链表节点(fh>=0),分别插入nextTable的i和i+n的位置;【逆序链表??】
- TreeBin节点(fh<0),判断是否需要untreefi,分别插入nextTable的i和i+n的位置;【逆序树??】
- finishing时,nextTab赋给table,更新sizeCtl为新容量的0.75倍 ,完成扩容。
private transient volatile Node<K,V>[] nextTable; //仅仅在扩容使用,并且此时非空
- // 将table每一个bin(桶位)的Node移动或复制到nextTable
- // 只在addCount(long x, int check)、helpTransfer、tryPresize中调用
- private final void transfer(Node<K,V>[] tab, Node<K,V>[] nextTab) {
- int n = tab.length, stride;
- // 每核处理的量小于16,则强制赋值16
- if ((stride = (NCPU > 1) ? (n >>> 3) / NCPU : n) < MIN_TRANSFER_STRIDE)
- stride = MIN_TRANSFER_STRIDE; // subdivide range
- if (nextTab == null) { // initiating
- try {
- @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
- Node<K,V>[] nt = (Node<K,V>[])new Node<?,?>[n << 1]; //两倍
- nextTab = nt;
- } catch (Throwable ex) { // try to cope with OOME
- sizeCtl = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
- return;
- }
- nextTable = nextTab;
- transferIndex = n;
- }
- int nextn = nextTab.length;
- //连节点指针,标志位,fwd的hash值为-1,fwd.nextTable=nextTab。
- ForwardingNode<K,V> fwd= new ForwardingNode<K,V>(nextTab);
- boolean advance= true;//并发扩容的关键属性,等于true,说明此节点已经处理过
- boolean finishing = false; // to ensure sweep before committing nextTab
- for (int i = 0, bound = 0;;) { // 死循环
- Node<K,V> f; int fh;
- while (advance) { // 控制--i,遍历原hash表中的节点
- int nextIndex, nextBound;
- if (--i >= bound || finishing)
- advance = false;
- else if ((nextIndex = transferIndex) <= 0) {
- i = -1;
- advance = false;
- }//TRANSFERINDEX 即用CAS计算得到的transferIndex
- else if (U.compareAndSwapInt
- (this, TRANSFERINDEX, nextIndex,
- nextBound = (nextIndex > stride ?
- nextIndex - stride : 0))) {
- bound = nextBound;
- i = nextIndex - 1;
- advance = false;
- }
- }
- if (i < 0 || i >= n || i + n >= nextn) {
- int sc;
- if (finishing) { // 所有节点复制完毕
- nextTable = null;
- table = nextTab;
- sizeCtl = (n << 1) - (n >>> 1); //扩容阀值设为原来的1.5倍,即现在的0.75倍
- return; // 仅有的2个跳出死循环出口之一
- }//CAS更新扩容阈值,sc-1表明新加入一个线程参与扩容
- if (U.compareAndSwapInt(this, SIZECTL, sc = sizeCtl, sc - 1)) {
- if ((sc - 2) != resizeStamp(n) << RESIZE_STAMP_SHIFT)
- return;// 仅有的2个跳出死循环出口之一
- finishing = advance = true;
- i = n; // recheck before commit
- }
- }
- else if ((f = tabAt(tab, i)) == null) //该节点为空,则插入ForwardingNode
- advance = casTabAt(tab, i, null, fwd);
- //遍历到ForwardingNode节点,说明此节点被处理过了,直接跳过。这是控制并发扩容的核心
- else if ((fh = f.hash) == MOVED) // MOVED=-1,hash for fwd
- advance = true; // already processed
- else {
- synchronized (f) { //上锁
- if (tabAt(tab, i) == f) {
- Node<K,V> ln, hn; //ln原位置节点,hn新位置节点
- if (fh >= 0) { // 链表
- int runBit = fh & n; // f.hash & n
- Node<K,V> lastRun = f; // lastRun和p两个链表,逆序??
- for (Node<K,V> p = f.next; p != null; p = p.next) {
- int b = p.hash & n; // f.next.hash & n
- if (b != runBit) {
- runBit = b;
- lastRun = p;
- }
- }
- if (runBit == 0) {
- ln = lastRun;
- hn = null;
- }
- else {
- hn = lastRun;
- ln = null;
- }
- for (Node<K,V> p = f; p != lastRun; p = p.next) {
- int ph = p.hash; K pk = p.key; V pv = p.val;
- if ((ph & n) == 0) // 和HashMap确定扩容后的节点位置一样
- ln = new Node<K,V>(ph, pk, pv, ln);
- else
- hn = new Node<K,V>(ph, pk, pv, hn); //新位置节点
- }//类似HashMap,为何i+n?参见HashMap的笔记
- setTabAt(nextTab, i, ln);//在nextTable[i]插入原节点
- setTabAt(nextTab, i + n, hn);//在nextTable[i+n]插入新节点
- //在nextTable[i]插入forwardNode节点,表示已经处理过该节点
- setTabAt(tab, i, fwd);
- //设置advance为true 返回到上面的while循环中 就可以执行--i操作
- advance = true;
- }
- else if (f instanceof TreeBin) { //树
- TreeBin<K,V> t = (TreeBin<K,V>)f;
- TreeNode<K,V> lo = null, loTail = null;
- TreeNode<K,V> hi = null, hiTail = null;
- //lc、hc=0两计数器分别++记录原、新bin中TreeNode数量
- int lc = 0, hc = 0;
- for (Node<K,V> e = t.first; e != null; e = e.next) {
- int h = e.hash;
- TreeNode<K,V> p = new TreeNode<K,V>
- (h, e.key, e.val, null, null);
- if ((h & n) == 0) {
- if ((p.prev = loTail) == null)
- lo = p;
- else
- loTail.next = p;
- loTail = p;
- ++lc;
- }
- else {
- if ((p.prev = hiTail) == null)
- hi = p;
- else
- hiTail.next = p;
- hiTail = p;
- ++hc;
- }
- }//扩容后树节点个数若<=6,将树转链表
- ln = (lc <= UNTREEIFY_THRESHOLD) ? untreeify(lo) :
- (hc != 0) ? new TreeBin<K,V>(lo) : t;
- hn = (hc <= UNTREEIFY_THRESHOLD) ? untreeify(hi) :
- (lc != 0) ? new TreeBin<K,V>(hi) : t;
- setTabAt(nextTab, i, ln);
- setTabAt(nextTab, i + n, hn);
- setTabAt(tab, i, fwd);
- advance = true;
- }
- }
- }
- }
- }
- }
- // 协助扩容方法。多线程下,当前线程检测到其他线程正进行扩容操作,则协助其一起扩容;(只有这种情况会被调用)从某种程度上说,其“优先级”很高,只要检测到扩容,就会放下其他工作,先扩容。
- // 调用之前,nextTable一定已存在。
- final Node<K,V>[] helpTransfer(Node<K,V>[] tab, Node<K,V> f) {
- Node<K,V>[] nextTab; intsc;
- if (tab != null && (finstanceof ForwardingNode) &&
- (nextTab = ((ForwardingNode<K,V>)f).nextTable) != null) {
- intrs = resizeStamp(tab.length); //标志位
- while (nextTab == nextTable && table == tab &&
- (sc = sizeCtl) < 0) {
- if ((sc >>> RESIZE_STAMP_SHIFT) != rs || sc == rs + 1 ||
- sc == rs + MAX_RESIZERS || transferIndex <= 0)
- break;
- if (U.compareAndSwapInt(this, SIZECTL, sc, sc + 1)) {
- transfer(tab, nextTab);//调用扩容方法,直接进入复制阶段
- break;
- }
- }
- return nextTab;
- }
- return table;
- }
2、 put相关:
- 若table为空,则初始化,仅设置相关参数;
- @@@计算当前key存放位置,即table的下标i=(n - 1) & hash;
- 若待存放位置为null,casTabAt无锁插入;
- 若是forwarding nodes(检测到正在扩容),则helpTransfer(帮助其扩容);
- else(待插入位置非空且不是forward节点,即碰撞了),将头节点上锁(保证了线程安全):区分链表节点和树节点,分别插入(遇到hash值与key值都与新节点一致的情况,只需要更新value值即可。否则依次向后遍历,直到链表尾插入这个结点);
- 若链表长度>8,则treeifyBin转树(Note:若length<64,直接tryPresize,两倍table.length;不转树)。
public V put(K key, V value) {
return putVal(key, value, false);
}
- final V <span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 51);">putVal</span>(K key, V value, boolean onlyIfAbsent) {
- // 不允许key、value为空
- if (key == null || value == null) throw new NullPointerException();
- int hash = spread(key.hashCode()); //返回(h^(h>>>16))&HASH_BITS
- int binCount = 0;
- for (Node<K,V>[] tab = table;;) { // 死循环,直到插入成功
- Node<K,V> f; int n, i, fh;
- if (tab == null || (n = tab.length) == 0)
- tab = initTable(); // table为空,初始化table
- else if ((f = tabAt(tab, i = (n - 1) & hash)) == null) {// 索引处无值
- if (casTabAt(tab, i, null,
- new Node<K,V>(hash, key, value, null)))
- break; // no lock when adding to empty bin
- }
- else if ((fh = f.hash) == MOVED) // MOVED=-1;//hash for forwarding nodes
- tab = helpTransfer(tab, f); //检测到正在扩容,则帮助其扩容
- else {
- V oldVal = null;
- synchronized (f) { // 节点上锁(hash值相同的链表的头节点)
- if (tabAt(tab, i) == f) {
- if (fh >= 0) { // 链表节点
- binCount = 1;
- for (Node<K,V> e = f;; ++binCount) {
- K ek;// hash和key相同,则修改value
- if (e.hash == hash &&
- ((ek = e.key) == key ||(ek != null && key.equals(ek)))) {
- oldVal = e.val;
- if (!onlyIfAbsent) //仅putIfAbsent()方法中onlyIfAbsent为true
- e.val = value; //putIfAbsent()包含key则返回get,否则put并返回
- break;
- }
- Node<K,V> pred = e;
- if ((e = e.next) == null) { //已遍历到链表尾部,直接插入
- pred.next = new Node<K,V>(hash, key, value, null);
- break;
- }
- }
- }
- else if (f instanceof TreeBin) { // 树节点
- Node<K,V> p;
- binCount = 2;
- if ((p = ((TreeBin<K,V>)f).putTreeVal(hash, key,value)) != null) {
- oldVal = p.val;
- if (!onlyIfAbsent)
- p.val = value;
- }
- }
- }
- }
- if (binCount != 0) {
- if (binCount >= TREEIFY_THRESHOLD)//实则是>8,执行else,说明该桶位本就有Node
- treeifyBin(tab, i);//若length<64,直接tryPresize,两倍table.length;不转树
- if (oldVal != null)
- return oldVal;
- break;
- }
- }
- }
- addCount(1L, binCount);
- return null;
- }
- // Initializes table, using the size recorded in sizeCtl.
- private final Node<K,V>[] <span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 51);">initTable</span>() { // 仅仅设置参数,并未实质初始化
- Node<K,V>[] tab; intsc;
- while ((tab = table) == null || tab.length == 0) {
- if ((sc = sizeCtl) < 0) // 其他线程正在初始化,此线程挂起
- Thread.yield(); // lost initialization race; just spin
- //CAS方法把sizectl置为-1,表示本线程正在进行初始化
- elseif (U.compareAndSwapInt(this, SIZECTL, sc, -1)) {
- try {
- if ((tab = table) == null || tab.length == 0) {
- intn = (sc > 0) ? sc : DEFAULT_CAPACITY;//DEFAULT_CAPACITY=16
- @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
- Node<K,V>[] nt = (Node<K,V>[])new Node<?,?>[n];
- table = tab = nt;
- sc = n - (n >>> 2); // 扩容阀值,0.75*n
- }
- } finally {
- sizeCtl = sc;
- }
- break;
- }
- }
- return tab;
- }
- public V <span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 51);">get</span>(Object key) {
- Node<K,V>[] tab; Node<K,V> e, p; intn, eh; K ek;
- inth = spread(key.hashCode());
- if ((tab = table) != null && (n = tab.length) > 0 &&
- (e = tabAt(tab, (n - 1) & h)) != null) {//tabAt(i),获取索引i处Node
- if ((eh = e.hash) == h) {
- if ((ek = e.key) == key || (ek != null && key.equals(ek)))
- returne.val;
- }
- elseif (eh < 0) // 树
- return (p = e.find(h, key)) != null ? p.val : null;
- while ((e = e.next) != null) { // 链表
- if (e.hash == h &&
- ((ek = e.key) == key || (ek != null && key.equals(ek))))
- returne.val;
- }
- }
- return null;
- }
- public boolean containsKey(Object key) {return get(key) != null;}
- public boolean containsValue(Object value) {}
// Table of counter cells. When non-null, size is a power of 2 private transient volatile CounterCell[] counterCells; |
@sun.misc.Contended static final class CounterCell { volatile long value; CounterCell(long x) { value = x; } } |
final long sumCount(){ CounterCell as[] = counterCells; long sum = baseCount; if(as != null){ for(int i = 0; i < as.length; i++){ CounterCell a; if((a = as[i]) != null) sum += a.value; } } return sum; } |
private final void fullAddCount(long x, boolean wasUncontended) {} |
public int size() { // 旧版本方法,和推荐的mappingCount返回的值基本无区别 longn = sumCount(); return ((n < 0L) ? 0 : (n > (long)Integer.MAX_VALUE) ? Integer.MAX_VALUE : (int)n); } |
// 返回Mappings中的元素个数,官方建议用来替代size。此方法返回的是一个估计值;如果sumCount时有线程插入或删除,实际数量是和mappingCount不同的。since 1.8 public long mappingCount() { longn = sumCount(); return (n < 0L) ? 0L : n; // ignore transient negative values } |
private
transient
volatile
long
baseCount
;
//ConcurrentHashMap中元素个数,基于CAS无锁更新,但返回的不一定是当前Map的真实元素个数。
|
- public void clear() { // 移除所有元素
- long delta = 0L; // negative number of deletions
- inti = 0;
- Node<K,V>[] tab = table;
- while (tab != null && i < tab.length) {
- intfh;
- Node<K,V> f = tabAt(tab, i);
- if (f == null) // 为空,直接跳过
- ++i;
- else if ((fh = f.hash) == MOVED) { //检测到其他线程正对其扩容
- //则协助其扩容,然后重置计数器,重新挨个删除元素,避免删除了元素,其他线程又新增元素。
- tab = helpTransfer(tab, f);
- i = 0; // restart
- }
- else{
- synchronized (f) { // 上锁
- if (tabAt(tab, i) == f) { // 其他线程没有在此期间操作f
- Node<K,V> p = (fh >= 0 ? f :
- (finstanceof TreeBin) ?
- ((TreeBin<K,V>)f).first : null);
- while (p != null) { // 首先删除链、树的末尾元素,避免产生大量垃圾
- --delta;
- p = p.next;
- }
- setTabAt(tab, i++, null); // 利用CAS无锁置null
- }
- }
- }
- }
- if (delta != 0L)
- addCount(delta, -1); // 无实际意义,参数check<=1,直接return。
- }
- public V remove(Object key) { // key为null,将在计算hashCode时报空指针异常
- return replaceNode(key, null, null);
- }
- public boolean remove(Object key, Object value) {
- if (key == null)
- thrownew NullPointerException();
- returnvalue != null && replaceNode(key, null, value) != null;
- }
- // remove核心方法,注意,这里的cv才是key-value中的value!
- final V replaceNode(Object key, V value, Object cv) {
- inthash = spread(key.hashCode());
- for (Node<K,V>[] tab = table;;) {
- Node<K,V> f; intn, i, fh;
- if (tab == null || (n = tab.length) == 0 ||
- (f = tabAt(tab, i = (n - 1) & hash)) == null)
- break; // 该桶位第一个元素为空,直接跳过
- elseif ((fh = f.hash) == MOVED)
- tab = helpTransfer(tab, f); // 先协助扩容再说
- else {
- V oldVal = null;
- booleanvalidated = false;
- synchronized (f) {
- if (tabAt(tab, i) == f) {
- if (fh >= 0) {
- validated = true;
- //pred没看出来有什么用,全是别人赋值给他,他却不影响其他参数
- for (Node<K,V> e = f, pred = null;;) {
- K ek;
- if (e.hash == hash &&((ek = e.key) == key ||
- (ek != null && key.equals(ek)))){//hash且可以相等
- V ev = e.val;
- // value为null或value和查到的值相等
- if (cv == null || cv == ev ||
- (ev != null && cv.equals(ev))) {
- oldVal = ev;
- if (value != null) // replace中调用
- e.val = value;
- elseif (pred != null)
- pred.next = e.next;
- else
- setTabAt(tab, i, e.next);
- }
- break;
- }
- pred = e;
- if ((e = e.next) == null)
- break;
- }
- }
- elseif (finstanceof TreeBin) { // 以树的方式find、remove
- validated = true;
- TreeBin<K,V> t = (TreeBin<K,V>)f;
- TreeNode<K,V> r, p;
- if ((r = t.root) != null &&
- (p = r.findTreeNode(hash, key, null)) != null) {
- V pv = p.val;
- if (cv == null || cv == pv ||
- (pv != null && cv.equals(pv))) {
- oldVal = pv;
- if (value != null)
- p.val = value;
- elseif (t.removeTreeNode(p))
- setTabAt(tab, i, untreeify(t.first));
- }
- }
- }
- }
- }
- if (validated) {
- if (oldVal != null) {
- if (value == null)
- addCount(-1L, -1);
- returnoldVal;
- }
- break;
- }
- }
- }
- return null;
- }
- public boolean replace(K key, V oldValue, V newValue) {}
public boolean isEmpty() {
return sumCount() <= 0L; // ignore transient negative values
}
<a target=_blank id="L1" href="http://blog.csdn.net/u010887744/article/details/50637030#L1" rel="#L1" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); text-decoration: none;"> 1</a> |
来自CODE的代码片
SourceCode
<a target=_blank id="L1" href="http://blog.csdn.net/u010887744/article/details/50637030#L1" rel="#L1" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); text-decoration: none;"> 1</a> |