在应用程序的内存中缓存常见数据(如查找)可以显着提高您的MVC Web应用程序性能和响应时间。当然,这些数据必须定期刷新。
当然你可以使用任何方法来更新数据,例如Redis中就提供了设定缓存对象的生命时间,那么对于这种单对象的更新的做法我觉得是不符合我的编程习惯的,我们可以使用QuartZ.NET 框架来进行任务调度,我们在任务计划中进行统一的缓存更新,也就达到了我们的目的。
Quartz受到良好支持,跨平台库可用于在应用程序内部调度任务。由于ASP.NET Core架构和开箱即用的中间件支持,在.NET Core MVC Web应用程序中使用它有点不同。在本文中,我将尝试使用ASP.NET核心应用程序中的Quartz来解释后台工作者计划任务的简单计划。
我使用简单的ASP.NET Core WebApi项目模板作为示例项目的基础。由于我们不会关注端点的实际响应,而是关注Startup.cs依赖注入部分和中间件,默认的WebApi项目模板就好了。
作为第一步我们应该引用Quartz框架,我将使用Nuget管理器,我现在使用的工具是Visual Studio 2019 体验版。
Install-Package Quartz -Version 3.0.7
如果你在Linux或Mac Os上进行开发,那么请安装.net core sdk 在使用.net 脚手架来进行引入。
dotnet add package Quartz --version 3.0.7
由于ASP.NET Core具有开箱即用的依赖注入支持,我们需要在启动时设置我们的解析器,但在我们这样做之前,我们需要编写我们将用于设置调度的一些Quartz接口的实现我们项目中的任务。
我们首先需要编写我们的任务,即将按特定时间表执行的代码单元。为此,我们需要在我们的作业类中实现 Quartz.IJob接口。
using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
using Quartz;
using System;
using System.Threading.Tasks; namespace Schedule.WebApiCore.Sample.Schedule
{
public class ScheduledJob : IJob
{
private readonly IConfiguration configuration;
private readonly ILogger<ScheduledJob> logger; public ScheduledJob(IConfiguration configuration, ILogger<ScheduledJob> logger)
{
this.logger = logger;
this.configuration = configuration;
} public async Task Execute(IJobExecutionContext context)
{ this.logger.LogWarning($"Hello from scheduled task {DateTime.Now.ToLongTimeString()}"); await Task.CompletedTask; }
}
}
由于它只是一个示例应用程序,因此每次作业执行时,我只会在输出中写入当前时间的消息。将从Startup.cs类方法注入Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration.IConfiguration和Microsoft.Extensions.Logging.ILogger接口实现的实例
我们需要实现的下一个接口是Quartz.Spi.IjobFactory。
using Quartz;
using Quartz.Spi;
using System; namespace Schedule.WebApiCore.Sample.Schedule
{
public class ScheduledJobFactory : IJobFactory
{
private readonly IServiceProvider serviceProvider; public ScheduledJobFactory(IServiceProvider serviceProvider)
{
this.serviceProvider = serviceProvider;
} public IJob NewJob(TriggerFiredBundle bundle, IScheduler scheduler)
{
return serviceProvider.GetService(typeof(IJob)) as IJob;
} public void ReturnJob(IJob job) {
var disposable = job as IDisposable;
if (disposable != null)
{
disposable.Dispose();
}
} }
}
我们将IJobFactory接口实现的实例分配给我们的IScheduler实例,该实例将用于在每个调度触发器上实例化作业实例。现在在我们的Startup.cs中设置依赖注入解析器。
配置
using System;
using System.IO;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Builder;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration;
using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
using Quartz;
using Quartz.Impl;
using Quartz.Spi;
using Schedule.WebApiCore.Sample.Schedule; namespace Schedule.WebApiCore.Sample
{
public class Startup
{ public IConfiguration Configuration { get; }
public IHostingEnvironment HostingEnvironment { get; } public Startup(IConfiguration configuration, IHostingEnvironment hostingEnvironment)
{
this.HostingEnvironment = hostingEnvironment;
this.Configuration = configuration;
} public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
services.AddLogging(); services.AddSingleton<IConfiguration>(new ConfigurationBuilder()
.SetBasePath(Directory.GetCurrentDirectory())
.AddJsonFile("appsettings.json")
.AddJsonFile($"appsettings.{this.HostingEnvironment.EnvironmentName.ToLower()}.json")
.Build()); #region Configure Quartz DI services.Add(new ServiceDescriptor(typeof(IJob), typeof(ScheduledJob), ServiceLifetime.Transient));
services.AddSingleton<IJobFactory, ScheduledJobFactory>();
services.AddSingleton<IJobDetail>(provider =>
{
return JobBuilder.Create<ScheduledJob>()
.WithIdentity("Sample.job", "group1")
.Build();
}); services.AddSingleton<ITrigger>(provider =>
{
return TriggerBuilder.Create()
.WithIdentity($"Sample.trigger", "group1")
.StartNow()
.WithSimpleSchedule
(s =>
s.WithInterval(TimeSpan.FromSeconds())
.RepeatForever()
)
.Build();
}); services.AddSingleton<IScheduler>(provider =>
{
var schedulerFactory = new StdSchedulerFactory();
var scheduler = schedulerFactory.GetScheduler().Result;
scheduler.JobFactory = provider.GetService<IJobFactory>();
scheduler.Start();
return scheduler;
}); #endregion services.AddMvc();
} // This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to configure the HTTP request pipeline.
public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IHostingEnvironment env, IScheduler scheduler)
{
if (env.IsDevelopment())
{
app.UseDeveloperExceptionPage();
} scheduler.ScheduleJob(app.ApplicationServices.GetService<IJobDetail>(), app.ApplicationServices.GetService<ITrigger>()); app.UseMvc();
}
}
}
修改Startup.cs
启动项目没有什么问题~但当你将所有部件放在Startup.cs中的一个地方时,这样更容易解释整个DI设置,在那里你可以看到所有的依赖关系和接口是如何解决的,但是从长远来看,这个Startup.cs应该是凌乱的它最终将成为维持的噩梦。出于这个原因,我将整个DI包装到扩展方法中。
综上所述,我们的.Net Core为我们提供了解决方案,那么把Quartz的代码全部放到一个静态类中,它将使用Quartz的Microsoft依赖注入语句和管道的Microsoft.AspNetCore.Builder.IApplicationBuilder扩展 Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.IServiceCollection 。
就我个人而言,我喜欢在项目中创建一个Extensions文件夹,然后在其中写入类,再去Startup.cs中进行配置!QuartzExtensions定义如下:
public static class QuartzExtensions
{
public static void AddQuartz(this IServiceCollection services, Type jobType)
{
services.Add(new ServiceDescriptor(typeof(IJob), jobType, ServiceLifetime.Transient));
services.AddSingleton<IJobFactory, ScheduledJobFactory>();
services.AddSingleton<IJobDetail>(provider =>
{
return JobBuilder.Create<ScheduledJob>()
.WithIdentity("Sample.job", "group1")
.Build();
}); services.AddSingleton<ITrigger>(provider =>
{
return TriggerBuilder.Create()
.WithIdentity($"Sample.trigger", "group1")
.StartNow()
.WithSimpleSchedule
(s =>
s.WithInterval(TimeSpan.FromSeconds())
.RepeatForever()
)
.Build();
}); services.AddSingleton<IScheduler>(provider =>
{
var schedulerFactory = new StdSchedulerFactory();
var scheduler = schedulerFactory.GetScheduler().Result;
scheduler.JobFactory = provider.GetService<IJobFactory>();
scheduler.Start();
return scheduler;
}); } public static void UseQuartz(this IApplicationBuilder app)
{
app.ApplicationServices.GetService<IScheduler>()
.ScheduleJob(app.ApplicationServices.GetService<IJobDetail>(),
app.ApplicationServices.GetService<ITrigger>()
);
}
}
现在我们的Startup.cs更清洁,更容易维护和扩展!
public class Startup
{
public IConfiguration Configuration { get; }
public IHostingEnvironment HostingEnvironment { get; } public Startup(IConfiguration configuration, IHostingEnvironment hostingEnvironment)
{
this.HostingEnvironment = hostingEnvironment;
this.Configuration = configuration;
} // This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to add services to the container.
public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
services.AddLogging(); services.AddSingleton<IConfiguration>(new ConfigurationBuilder()
.SetBasePath(Directory.GetCurrentDirectory())
.AddJsonFile("appsettings.json")
.AddJsonFile($"appsettings.{this.HostingEnvironment.EnvironmentName.ToLower()}.json")
.Build()); services.AddQuartz(typeof(ScheduledJob)); services.AddMvc();
} // This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to configure the HTTP request pipeline.
public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IHostingEnvironment env)
{
if (env.IsDevelopment())
{
app.UseDeveloperExceptionPage();
} app.UseQuartz(); app.UseMvc();
}
}
再次启动项目,ok 通过~
祝.Net Core 越来越好!