django1.6 博客的快速搭建second blog v2

时间：2020-11-29 19:19:24

一：效果总览

这是在前一篇博文的基础上改进的博客，还没有美化页面，暂且学习中就这样吧，以后版本改进中

首先看下具体效果:

127.0.0.1/articles/2014

127.0.0.1/news/articles/2014

上面是两种形式的url mapping，都可以访问，结果一样

只查看2014年的博客;

django1.6 博客的快速搭建second blog v2

博客的列表

django1.6 博客的快速搭建second blog v2



博客文章的详细页面：

django1.6 博客的快速搭建second blog v2

二：博客目录结构

django1.6 博客的快速搭建second blog v2

三:几个重要的文件

news目录

views.py   --视图处理函数

[root@localhost news]# pwd
/root/Desktop/data/download/django/mysite16_5_demo2/news
[root@localhost news]# more views.py
from django.shortcuts import render
from django.shortcuts import render_to_response
from news.models import Article
# Create your views here.
def year_archive(request, year):
    a_list = Article.objects.filter(pub_date__year=year)
    return render_to_response('year_archive.html', {'year': year, 'article_list': a_list})
def list_article(request):
    lit_list=Article.objects.all()
    return render_to_response('list_article.html',{'literary' : lit_list})
def detail_article(request,serial):
    show_detail=Article.objects.filter(id=serial)
    return render_to_response('detail_article.html',{'details' : show_detail,'id' : serial})
[root@localhost news]#

models.py  --模型

[root@localhost news]# pwd
/root/Desktop/data/download/django/mysite16_5_demo2/news
[root@localhost news]# more models.py
from django.db import models
#from django.contrib import admin

# Create your models here.
class Reporter(models.Model):
    full_name = models.CharField(max_length=70)
    def __unicode__(self):
        return self.full_name
 

class Article(models.Model):
    pub_date = models.DateField()
    headline = models.CharField(max_length=200)
    content = models.TextField()
    reporter = models.ForeignKey(Reporter)

    def __unicode__(self):
        return self.headline

#admin.site.register(Reporter,Article)

[root@localhost news]#


urls.py -- urlconfig

[root@localhost news]# pwd
/root/Desktop/data/download/django/mysite16_5_demo2/news

[root@localhost news]# more urls.py
#from django.conf.urls import patterns

from django.conf.urls import *
from news.views import year_archive
from news.views import *

urlpatterns = patterns('',
    #url(r'^articles/(\d{4})/$', year_archive),

    (r'^articles/(\d{4})/$', year_archive),
    (r'^articles/list/$', list_article),
    (r'^articles/detail/(\d+)/$', detail_article),
    (r'^articles/(\d{4})/(\d{2})/$', 'month_archive'),
    (r'^articles/(\d{4})/(\d{2})/(\d+)/$', 'article_detail'),
)
[root@localhost news]#
目前只用到了前面三个 
(r'^articles/(\d{4})/$', year_archive)
匹配到这样的url：127.0.0.1/news/articles/2014


admin.py ----后台模块注册 
[root@localhost news]# pwd
/root/Desktop/data/download/django/mysite16_5_demo/news
[root@localhost news]# more admin.py
from django.contrib import admin
import models
# Register your models here.
admin.site.register(models.Article)
[root@localhost news]#

  django1.6 博客的快速搭建second blog v2

news/templates目录

[root@localhost news]# cd templates/
[root@localhost templates]# ll
total 16
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 221 Nov 10 17:23 base.html
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 311 Nov 10 18:02 detail_article.html
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 370 Nov 10 18:24 list_article.html
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 449 Nov 10 18:16 year_archive.html
[root@localhost templates]# more base.html 
{% load staticfiles %}
<html>
<head>
    <title>{% block title %}{% endblock %}</title>
</head>
<body>
    <img src="{% static "images/sitelogo.png" %}" alt="Logo" />
    {% block content %}{% endblock %}
</body>
</html>
[root@localhost templates]# more detail_article.html 
{% extends "base.html" %}
{% block title %}Articles for {{ id }}{% endblock %}
{% block content %}
<h1>this is my blog article detail</h1>
{% for detail in details %}
<h3>{{ detail.headline }}</h3>
<small>Published {{ literary.pub_date|date:"F j, Y" }}</small>
{{ detail.content }}
{% endfor %}
{% endblock %}

[root@localhost templates]# more list_article.html 
{% extends "base.html" %}
{% block title %}Articles for {{ id }}{% endblock %}
{% block content %}
<h1>here is my blogs first version2</h1>
{% for literary_list in literary %}
<h3><a href="/news/articles/detail/{{ literary_list.id }}">{{ literary_list.headline }}</a></h3>
<small>Published {{ literary_list.pub_date|date:"F j, Y" }}</small>
{% endfor %}
{% endblock %}

[root@localhost templates]# more year_archive.html 
{% extends "base.html" %}
{% block title %}Articles for {{ year }}{% endblock %}
{% block content %}
<h1>Articles for {{ year }}</h1>
{% for article in article_list %}
    <h1>{{ article.headline }}</h1>
    <h3>By {{ article.reporter.full_name }}</h3>
    content-------------->>>>>>>
    <p>{{ article.content }}</p>
    <p>id is:  {{ article.id }}</p>
    <small>Published {{ article.pub_date|date:"F j, Y" }}</small>
{% endfor %}
{% endblock %}
[root@localhost templates]#


templates目录可以在这里设置 
[root@localhost mysite16_5_demo]# pwd
/root/Desktop/data/download/django/mysite16_5_demo2/mysite16_5_demo
TEMPLATE_DIRS = (
    '/root/Desktop/data/download/django/mysite16_5_demo2/news/templates',
    )
如果没设置该目录的话，默认好像会在当前app下的templates目录下寻找，顺序为先在settings.py中设置的目录中寻找，然后才在默认目录


static目录

该目录下存放的是静态文件，下面详细介绍静态文件的使用 
[root@localhost images]# pwd
/root/Desktop/data/download/django/mysite16_5_demo2/news/static/images
[root@localhost images]# ll
total 16
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 14197 Nov 10 17:23 sitelogo.png
[root@localhost images]#

在setting.py中设置静态文件目录 
STATIC_URL = '/static/'

在模版中使用静态文件 
<body>
    <img src="{% static "images/sitelogo.png" %}" alt="Logo" />
    {% block content %}{% endblock %}
</body>

疑问;这里的STATIC_URL的绝对路径设置的很有疑惑，暂且先这样弄吧


# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.6/howto/static-files/


setting.py文件 -- 项目设置

[root@localhost mysite16_5_demo]# pwd
/root/Desktop/data/download/django/mysite16_5_demo2/mysite16_5_demo
[root@localhost mysite16_5_demo]# more settings.py
"""
Django settings for mysite16_5_demo project.

For more information on this file, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.6/topics/settings/

For the full list of settings and their values, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.6/ref/settings/
"""

# Build paths inside the project like this: os.path.join(BASE_DIR, ...)
import os
BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(__file__))


# Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production
# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.6/howto/deployment/checklist/

# SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret!
SECRET_KEY = 'xaa+uyd$dx&$e50m4x=-7&a02gd@)2m!o%kf=ldnf1u4$d$tu^'

# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!
DEBUG = True

TEMPLATE_DEBUG = True
TEMPLATE_DIRS = (
    '/root/Desktop/data/download/django/mysite16_5_demo2/news/templates',
    )

ALLOWED_HOSTS = []


# Application definition

INSTALLED_APPS = (
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'news',
)

MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES = (
    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
)

ROOT_URLCONF = 'mysite16_5_demo.urls'

WSGI_APPLICATION = 'mysite16_5_demo.wsgi.application'


# Database
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.6/ref/settings/#databases

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
        'NAME': os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'db.sqlite3'),
    }
}

# Internationalization
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.6/topics/i18n/

LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us'

TIME_ZONE = 'UTC'

USE_I18N = True

USE_L10N = True

USE_TZ = True


# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.6/howto/static-files/

STATIC_URL = '/static/'
[root@localhost mysite16_5_demo]#


系统级的urls文件 
[root@localhost mysite16_5_demo]# pwd
/root/Desktop/data/download/django/mysite16_5_demo2/mysite16_5_demo
[root@localhost mysite16_5_demo]# more urls.py
from django.conf.urls import patterns, include, url

from django.contrib import admin
admin.autodiscover()

urlpatterns = patterns('',
    # Examples:
    # url(r'^$', 'mysite16_5_demo.views.home', name='home'),
    # url(r'^blog/', include('blog.urls')),

    
    (r'^articles/(\d{4})/$', 'news.views.year_archive'),
    url(r'^news/', include('news.urls')),
    url(r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)),


)
[root@localhost mysite16_5_demo]#

这里的URL能匹配到

127.0.0.1/articles/2014



这就为什么可以同时匹配到

127.0.0.1/articles/2014

127.0.0.1/news/articles/2014


总结：

在这个过程中遇到过一些问题，皆因自己的不细心导致，没什么需要特别注意的

在python shell中后台操作的过程中，需要先执行，具体解决过程如下：

[root@localhost mysite16_5_demo]# python 
Python 2.6.6 (r266:84292, Feb 22 2013, 00:00:18) 
[GCC 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-3)] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>>  from news.models import Reporter, Article
  File "<stdin>", line 1
    from news.models import Reporter, Article
    ^
IndentationError: unexpected indent
>>> from news.models import Reporter, Article
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  File "news/models.py", line 1, in <module>
    from django.db import models
  File "/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/django/db/models/__init__.py", line 5, in <module>
    from django.db.models.query import Q
  File "/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/django/db/models/query.py", line 17, in <module>
    from django.db.models.deletion import Collector
  File "/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/django/db/models/deletion.py", line 4, in <module>
    from django.db.models import signals, sql
  File "/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/django/db/models/sql/__init__.py", line 4, in <module>
    from django.db.models.sql.subqueries import *
  File "/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/django/db/models/sql/subqueries.py", line 12, in <module>
    from django.db.models.sql.query import Query
  File "/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/django/db/models/sql/query.py", line 22, in <module>
    from django.db.models.sql import aggregates as base_aggregates_module
  File "/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/django/db/models/sql/aggregates.py", line 9, in <module>
    ordinal_aggregate_field = IntegerField()
  File "/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/django/db/models/fields/__init__.py", line 116, in __init__
    self.db_tablespace = db_tablespace or settings.DEFAULT_INDEX_TABLESPACE
  File "/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/django/conf/__init__.py", line 54, in __getattr__
    self._setup(name)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/django/conf/__init__.py", line 47, in _setup
    % (desc, ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLE))
django.core.exceptions.ImproperlyConfigured: Requested setting DEFAULT_INDEX_TABLESPACE, but settings are not configured. You must either define the environment variable DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE or call settings.configure() before accessing settings.
>>> from django.conf import settings
>>> settings.configure()
>>> from news.models import Reporter, Article
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  File "news/models.py", line 1, in <module>
    from django.db import models
  File "/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/django/db/models/__init__.py", line 5, in <module>
    from django.db.models.query import Q
  File "/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/django/db/models/query.py", line 17, in <module>
    from django.db.models.deletion import Collector
  File "/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/django/db/models/deletion.py", line 4, in <module>
    from django.db.models import signals, sql
ImportError: cannot import name signals
os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "mysite16_5_demo.settings")



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