python---django中form组件(数据添加前使用自定义方法进行验证,以及源码分析)

时间:2021-09-15 23:51:55

form组件代码:

from app02.models import Userfrom django.core.exceptions import ValidationError

class AjaxForm(forms.Form):
user = fields.CharField(
required=True,
min_length=,
max_length=,
)
email = fields.EmailField(
required=True,
) #自定义方法 clean_字段名
#必须返回值self.cleaned_data['user']
#如果出错抛出raise ValidationError("error...")
  #会在基础验证成功后,使用自定义方法进行验证
   #扩展点1
  #验证用户名唯一
def clean_user(self):
v = self.cleaned_data['user']
if User.objects.filter(username=v).count():
#重复了
raise ValidationError("用户名已存在")
return v
   #验证邮箱....未完成
def clean_email(self): return self.cleaned_data['email']
  
  
  #扩展点2

   def clean(self):
    #self.cleaned_data中含有所有成功验证数据
    value_dict = self.cleaned_data
    v1 = value_dict.get('user')
    v2 = value_dict.get("email")
    # if User.objects.filter(username=v1,email=v2).count():
      # #重复了
      # raise ValidationError("username and email is exists")
    if v1=="root123" and v2=="66666da@qq.com":
      raise ValidationError("username and email is exists")
    return self.cleaned_data

如果在数据库中发现重复数据,抛出错误。

views代码:

def ajax(req):
if req.method == "GET":
obj = AjaxForm()
return render(req,"ajax.html",{"obj":obj})
else:
ret={}
obj = AjaxForm(req.POST)
if obj.is_valid(): #在使用is_valid之后才会将数据进行验证
ret['status']="OK"
return HttpResponse(json.dumps(ret))
else:
print(obj.errors)
ret['message']=obj.errors
return HttpResponse(json.dumps(ret))

在is_valid后开始验证代码,从此处进入

源码查看:

class BaseForm:
def is_valid(self):
"""
Returns True if the form has no errors. Otherwise, False. If errors are
being ignored, returns False.
"""若是表单数据正确,则返回true
return self.is_bound and not self.errors #是属性方法,进行字段验证
self.is_bound = data is not None or files is not None #data传入表单数据不为空,所以is_bound=true

考虑self.errors:

    @property
def errors(self):
"Returns an ErrorDict for the data provided for the form"#返回错误信息为表单数据
if self._errors is None: #初始self._errors是null
self.full_clean()   #进入该方法
return self._errors

追踪self.full_clean():

    def full_clean(self):
"""
Cleans all of self.data and populates self._errors and
self.cleaned_data.
"""
self._errors = ErrorDict() #初始化错误字典
if not self.is_bound: # Stop further processing.
return
self.cleaned_data = {}    #初始化正确数据
# If the form is permitted to be empty, and none of the form data has
# changed from the initial data, short circuit any validation.
if self.empty_permitted and not self.has_changed(): #如果允许为空,并且数据为从初始状态进行改变,则直接返回
return
     #下面是开始验证的方法
self._clean_fields()
self._clean_form()
self._post_clean()

开始验证字段:self._clean_fields()

    def _clean_fields(self):
     #循环字段,在form组件中设置的字段,该字段来自于DeclarativeFieldsMetaclass的__new__
for name, field in self.fields.items():
# value_from_datadict() gets the data from the data dictionaries.
# Each widget type knows how to retrieve its own data, because some
# widgets split data over several HTML fields.
if field.disabled:
value = self.get_initial_for_field(field, name)
else:
value = field.widget.value_from_datadict(self.data, self.files, self.add_prefix(name))
try:
if isinstance(field, FileField):
initial = self.get_initial_for_field(field, name)
value = field.clean(value, initial)
else:
value = field.clean(value)
self.cleaned_data[name] = value
         #上面尝试进行正则验证,验证成功后,开始下面逻辑
         #会调用 clean_%s方法name是字段名,这就是我们的自定义方法,我们可以在已经满足正则验证后的数据
         #上再次进行自定义函数的验证,比如验证数据库数据的唯一性处理
if hasattr(self, 'clean_%s' % name):
value = getattr(self, 'clean_%s' % name)()
self.cleaned_data[name] = value  #注意:最终的值取决于自定义方法:前提是已经存在该方法
except ValidationError as e: #在自定义方法上,如果验证出错,我们需要抛出该错误让该方法进行捕获
self.add_error(name, e)

这里进行循环字段验证,一次验证一个字段,而且字段顺序按照form组件中定义字段的顺序。

可以看上面使用方法clean_user

但是对于联合唯一,差了点。

继续进行流程分析:(前提是前面没有抛出错误)

分析def full_clean(self):中的第二个方法:self._clean_form()

    def _clean_form(self):
try:
cleaned_data = self.clean()
except ValidationError as e:
self.add_error(None, e)
else:
if cleaned_data is not None:
self.cleaned_data = cleaned_data

其中调用了self.clean()方法:

    def clean(self):
"""  #预留钩子函数,在此处可以进行验证,出错抛出ValidationError错误 但是信息字段名是__all__,不是某一个字段名,比如user
    #第一个方法是针对某一个,那个key就是对应字段名(单个字段错误验证),第二个方法是针对所有字段(整体错误验证),所有是__all__
     Hook for doing any extra form-wide cleaning after Field.clean() has been
called on every field. Any ValidationError raised by this method will
not be associated with a particular field; it will have a special-case
association with the field named '__all__'.
"""
return self.cleaned_data

其中由于第一个方法成功,所以self.cleaned_data中含有所有字段信息,此处可以对所有字段一起进行验证

也是一个扩展点

可以看上面方法clean使用:

补充:

    def _clean_form(self):
try:
cleaned_data = self.clean()
except ValidationError as e:
self.add_error(None, e)
     #此处添加错误时是None为字段名,为什么在后面变为__all__
else:
if cleaned_data is not None:
self.cleaned_data = cleaned_data

查看代码add_error

    def add_error(self, field, error):
error = {field or NON_FIELD_ERRORS: error.error_list}

查看字段名NON_FIELD_ERRORS :空的定义

NON_FIELD_ERRORS = '__all__'
公共错误信息放在__all__中(不是字段验证产生的错误信息放置位置)
错误信息存放形式,以字典存放 {
__all__:[],
字段名1:[],
字段名2:[],
字段名3:[],
....
}

分析第三个方法:self._post_clean()

    def _post_clean(self):
"""
An internal hook for performing additional cleaning after form cleaning
is complete. Used for model validation in model forms.
"""
pass

这个方法也是一个扩展点,但是没有像前两个方法一样做错误捕获,我们需要自己做,由于前两个基本内容可以完成,这个可以不需要