用bash脚本读文件的方法有很多。请看第一部分,我使用了while循环及其后的管道命令(|)(cat $FILE | while read line; do … ),并在循环当中递增 i 的值,最后,我得到了非我所想的 i 。主要的原因是,管道命令会发起子shell来读取文件,而任何在(子shell的)while循环中的操作(例如 i ++),都会随着子shell的结束而丢失。
而第二种,也是最坏的一种,其最明显的错误就是在读文件的过程中使用了for循环(for fileline in $(cat $FILE);do ..),这样每打印一个单词就换一次行,因为for循环使用空格作为默认的IFS。
完美的方法,即第三种的while循环(while read line;do …. done < $FILE) 是最合适且最简单的一行行地读文件的方法。请看以下例子。
Input: $ cat sample.txt
This is sample file
This is normal text file Source: $ cat readfile.sh
#!/bin/bash i=1;
FILE=sample.txt # Wrong way to read the file.
# This may cause problem, check the value of 'i' at the end of the loop
echo "###############################"
cat $FILE | while read line; do
echo "Line # $i: $line"
((i++))
done
echo "Total number of lines in file: $i" # The worst way to read file.
echo "###############################"
for fileline in $(cat $FILE);do
echo $fileline
done # This is correct way to read file.
echo "################################"
k=1
while read line;do
echo "Line # $k: $line"
((k++))
done < $FILE
echo "Total number of lines in file: $k" Output: $ ./readfile.sh
###############################
Line
# 1: This is sample file
Line
# 2: This is normal text file
Total number of lines in file: 1
###############################
This
is
sample
file
This
is
normal
text
file
################################
Line
# 1: This is sample file
Line
# 2: This is normal text file
Total number of lines in file: 3