在开发控制器的时候,有时也需要保存对应的数据到这些对象中去,或者从中获取数据。而Spring MVC给予了支持,它的主要注解有3个:@RequestAttribute、@SessionAttribute和@SessionAttributes,它们的作用如下。
•@RequestAttribute获取HTTP的请求(request)对象属性值,用来传递给控制器的参数。
•@SessionAttribute在HTTP的会话(Session)对象属性值中,用来传递给控制器的参数。
•@SessionAttributes,可以给它配置一个字符串数组,这个数组对应的是数据模型对应的键值对,然后将这些键值对保存到Session中。
注解@RequestAttribute
@RequestAttribute主要的作用是从HTTP的request对象中取出请求属性,只是它的范围周期是在一次请求中存在
代码清单15-23:请求属性 requestAttribute.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8" %>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title></head>
<body> <%
//设置请求属性
request.setAttribute("id", 111L);
//转发给控制器
request.getRequestDispatcher("../attribute/requestAttribute.do").forward(request, response);
%> </body> </html>
代码清单15-24:控制器获取请求属性
package com.ssm.chapter15.controller; import com.ssm.chapter15.pojo.Role;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestAttribute;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.SessionAttribute;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.SessionAttributes;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.view.json.MappingJackson2JsonView; @Controller
@RequestMapping("/attribute")
public class AttributeController { // @Autowired
// private RoleService roleService; @RequestMapping("/requestAttribute")
public ModelAndView reqAttr(@RequestAttribute(value = "id", required = false) Long id) {
System.out.println("id =>" + id);
ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView();
// Role role = roleService.getRole(id);
// mv.addObject("role", role);
mv.addObject("role", id);
mv.setView(new MappingJackson2JsonView());
return mv;
} }
注解@SessionAttribute和注解@SessionAttributes
这两个注解和HTTP的会话对象有关,在浏览器和服务器保持联系的时候HTTP会创建一个会话对象,这样可以让我们在和服务器会话期间(请注意这个时间范围)通过它读/写会话对象的属性,缓存一定数据信息。
先来讨论一下设置会话属性,在控制器中可以使用注解@SessionAttributes来设置对应的键值对,不过这个注解只能对类进行标注,不能对方法或者参数注解。它可以配置属性名称或者属性类型。它的作用是当这个类被注解后,Spring MVC执行完控制器的逻辑后,将数据模型中对应的属性名称或者属性类型保存到HTTP的Session对象中。
代码清单15-25:使用注解@SessionAttributes
package com.ssm.chapter15.controller; import com.ssm.chapter15.pojo.Role;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestAttribute;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.SessionAttribute;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.SessionAttributes;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.view.json.MappingJackson2JsonView; @Controller
@RequestMapping("/attribute")
//可以配置数据模型的名称和类型,两者取或关系
@SessionAttributes(names = {"id"}, types = {Role.class})
public class AttributeController { @RequestMapping("/sessionAttributes")
public ModelAndView sessionAttrs(Long id) {
ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView();
// Role role = roleService.getRole(id);
Role role = new Role(id, "射手", "远程物理输出");
//根据类型,Session将会保存角色信息
mv.addObject("role", role);
// 根据名称,Session将会保存id
mv.addObject("id", id);
//视图名称,定义跳转到一个JSP文件上
mv.setViewName("sessionAttribute");
return mv;
} }
代码清单15-26:sessionAttribute.jsp验证注解有效性
<%@ page language="java" import="com.ssm.chapter15.pojo.Role" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8" %>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title></head>
<body> <%
Role role = (Role) session.getAttribute("role");
out.println("id = " + role.getId() + "<p/>");
out.println("roleName = " + role.getRoleName() + "<p/>");
out.println("note = " + role.getNote() + "<p/>");
Long id = (Long) session.getAttribute("id");
out.println("id = " + id + "<p/>");
%> </body>
</html>
读取Session的属性,Spring MVC通过@SessionAttribute实现。
代码清单15-27:JSP设置Session属性 sessionAttribute.jsp
<%@ page language="java" import="com.ssm.chapter15.pojo.Role" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8" %>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title></head>
<body> <%
Role role = (Role) session.getAttribute("role");
out.println("id = " + role.getId() + "<p/>");
out.println("roleName = " + role.getRoleName() + "<p/>");
out.println("note = " + role.getNote() + "<p/>");
Long id = (Long) session.getAttribute("id");
out.println("id = " + id + "<p/>");
%> </body>
</html>
代码清单15-28:获取Session属性
package com.ssm.chapter15.controller; import com.ssm.chapter15.pojo.Role;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestAttribute;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.SessionAttribute;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.SessionAttributes;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.view.json.MappingJackson2JsonView; @Controller
@RequestMapping("/attribute")
//可以配置数据模型的名称和类型,两者取或关系
@SessionAttributes(names = {"id"}, types = {Role.class})
public class AttributeController { @RequestMapping("/sessionAttribute")
public ModelAndView sessionAttr(@SessionAttribute("id") Long id) {
System.out.println("id =>" + id);
ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView();
// Role role = roleService.getRole(id);
Role role = new Role(id, "射手", "远程物理输出");
mv.addObject("role", role);
mv.setView(new MappingJackson2JsonView());
return mv;
} }
注解@CookieValue和注解@RequestHeader
从名称而言,这两个注解都很明确,就是从Cookie和HTTP请求头获取对应的请求信息,它们的用法比较简单,且大同小异,所以放到一起讲解。只是对于Cookie而言,用户是可以禁用的,所以在使用的时候需要考虑这个问题。下面给出它们的一个实例,如代码清单15-29所示。
代码清单15-29:使用@CookieValue和@RequestHeader
package com.ssm.chapter15.controller; import com.ssm.chapter15.pojo.Role;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.CookieValue;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestHeader;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.SessionAttributes; @Controller
@RequestMapping("/cookie")
public class CooKieController { @RequestMapping("/getHeaderAndCookie")
public String testHeaderAndCookie(@RequestHeader(value = "User-Agent", required = false, defaultValue = "attribute") String userAgent
, @CookieValue(value = "JSESSIONID", required = true, defaultValue = "MyJsessionId") String jsessionId) {
System.out.println("User-Agent:" + userAgent);
System.out.println("JSESSIONID:" + jsessionId);
return "index";
} }