Lambda表达式与内部类相比有很多限制，比如只能为函数式接口创建实例，但是Lambda表达式大大简化了代码的书写。
Lambda表达式的方法引用主要分为下面几类：
1.引用类方法2.引用特定对象的实例方法
3.引用某类对象的实例方法
4.引用构造方法
下面通过几个实例演示了这几种方法引用的：
1.首先创建下面的接口
/*
该函数式接口只包含一个抽象方法convert——用于将String类型的参数转换为Intege类型的返回值
*/
@FunctionalInterface
interface Converter
{
Integer convert(String from);
}
/*
函数式接口，根据3个参数产生一个String类型的返回值
*/
@FunctionalInterface
interface MakeString
{
String make(String a,int b,int c);
}
/*
函数式接口，根据输入的title返回一个JFrame对象
*/
@FunctionalInterface
interface GetJFrame
{
javax.swing.JFrame get(String title);
}
2.
/*
Lambda表达式的方法引用
1.引用类方法
2.引用特定对象的实例方法
3.引用某类对象的实例方法
4.引用构造方法
5.使用Lambda表达式调用Arrays类的方法
*/
public class MethodRefer
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
//-------------------------------------------1.引用类方法-----------------------------------------------
/*
使用Lambda表达式创建Converter对象
由于ambda表达式只有一个参数、一条语句和一个返回值，
因此可以省略参数的小括号、语句的花括号和返回值的return关键字
*/
Converter con_1=from->Integer.valueOf(from);
/*
方法引用代替Lambda表达式：引用类方法
函数式接口中被实现方法的全部参数传给该类方法作为参数
*/
Converter con_2=Integer::valueOf;
Integer val1=con_1.convert("111111");
Integer val2=con_2.convert("222222");
System.out.println(val1);
System.out.println(val2);
//---------------------------------------2.引用特定对象的实例方法-----------------------------------------
//调用String类的indexOf方法创建对象
Converter con_4="sharejava"::indexOf;
Integer val4=con_4.convert("java");
Converter con_3=from->"sharejava".indexOf(from);
Integer val3=con_3.convert("java");
System.out.println(val4);
System.out.println(val3);
//---------------------------------------3.引用某类对象的实例方法-----------------------------------------
MakeString ms1=(a,b,c)->a.substring(b,c);
String str1=ms1.make("sharejava",5,9);
MakeString ms2=String::substring;
String str2=ms2.make("sharejava",5,9);
System.out.println(str1);
System.out.println(str2);
//---------------------------------------4.引用构造方法-----------------------------------------
GetJFrame g1=title->new javax.swing.JFrame(title);
javax.swing.JFrame jf1=g1.get("我的窗口");
GetJFrame g2=javax.swing.JFrame::new;
javax.swing.JFrame jf2=g2.get("我的窗口");
jf1.setVisible(true);
jf1.setDefaultCloseOperation(javax.swing.JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE );
jf1.setBounds(200,200,500,400);
}
}
3.使用Lambda表达式调用Arrays类的方法
我们发现Arrays类的API下包含大量的方法需要函数式接口参数：
static void parallelPrefix(double[] array, DoubleBinaryOperator op)
Cumulates, in parallel, each element of the given array in place, using the supplied function.
static void parallelPrefix(double[] array, int fromIndex, int toIndex, DoubleBinaryOperator op)
Performs parallelPrefix(double[], DoubleBinaryOperator) for the given subrange of the array.
static void parallelPrefix(int[] array, IntBinaryOperator op)
Cumulates, in parallel, each element of the given array in place, using the supplied function.
static void parallelPrefix(int[] array, int fromIndex, int toIndex, IntBinaryOperator op)
Performs parallelPrefix(int[], IntBinaryOperator) for the given subrange of the array.
static void parallelPrefix(long[] array, int fromIndex, int toIndex, LongBinaryOperator op)
Performs parallelPrefix(long[], LongBinaryOperator) for the given subrange of the array.
static void parallelPrefix(long[] array, LongBinaryOperator op)
Cumulates, in parallel, each element of the given array in place, using the supplied function.
static <T> void parallelPrefix(T[] array, BinaryOperator<T> op)
Cumulates, in parallel, each element of the given array in place, using the supplied function.
static <T> void parallelPrefix(T[] array, int fromIndex, int toIndex, BinaryOperator<T> op)
Performs parallelPrefix(Object[], BinaryOperator) for the given subrange of the array.
static void parallelSetAll(double[] array, IntToDoubleFunction generator)
Set all elements of the specified array, in parallel, using the provided generator function to compute each element.
static void parallelSetAll(int[] array, IntUnaryOperator generator)
Set all elements of the specified array, in parallel, using the provided generator function to compute each element.
static void parallelSetAll(long[] array, IntToLongFunction generator)
Set all elements of the specified array, in parallel, using the provided generator function to compute each element.
static <T> void parallelSetAll(T[] array, IntFunction<? extends T> generator)
Set all elements of the specified array, in parallel, using the provided generator function to compute each element.
static <T> void parallelSort(T[] a, Comparator<? super T> cmp)
Sorts the specified array of objects according to the order induced by the specified comparator.
static <T extends Comparable<? super T>> void parallelSort(T[] a, int fromIndex, int toIndex)
Sorts the specified range of the specified array of objects into ascending order, according to the natural ordering of its elements.
static <T> void parallelSort(T[] a, int fromIndex, int toIndex, Comparator<? super T> cmp)
Sorts the specified range of the specified array of objects according to the order induced by the specified comparator.
static void setAll(double[] array, IntToDoubleFunction generator)
Set all elements of the specified array, using the provided generator function to compute each element.
static void setAll(int[] array, IntUnaryOperator generator)
Set all elements of the specified array, using the provided generator function to compute each element.
static void setAll(long[] array, IntToLongFunction generator)
Set all elements of the specified array, using the provided generator function to compute each element.
static <T> void setAll(T[] array, IntFunction<? extends T> generator)
Set all elements of the specified array, using the provided generator function to compute each element.
这里演示了其中部分方法的应用：
import java.util.Arrays;
public class LambdaArrays
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
String[] arr1=new String[]{"html","c#","c","c++","java"};
//目标类型是Comparator根据字符串的长度判断字符串的大小，然后排序
Arrays.parallelSort(arr1,(o1,o2)->o1.length()-o2.length());
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(arr1));
int[] arr2=new int[]{-9,1,5,-4,12};
//目标类型是 IntBinaryOperator，根据前后两个元素计算当前元素的值
Arrays.parallelPrefix(arr2,(left,right)->left*right);
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(arr2));
}
}
